| 词条 | Painite | ||
| 释义 |
| name = Painite | category = Borate minerals | boxwidth = | boxbgcolor = | image = Painite2.jpg | caption = Painite from Myanmar, 2 cm long | formula = CaZrAl9O15(BO3) | molweight = | strunz = 6.AB.85 | dana = 7.5.2.1 | system = Hexagonal[1] | class = Dipyramidal (6/m) (same H-M symbol), although earlier reported as hexagonal (6)[2] | symmetry = P63/m | unit cell = a = 8.72 Å, c = 8.46 Å; Z = 2 | color = Red, brownish, orange-red | habit = Elongated crystals, pseudo-orthorhombic[2][2] | twinning = | cleavage = | fracture = | tenacity = | mohs = 8 | luster = Vitreous | refractive = no = 1.8159, ne = 1.7875[2] | opticalprop = Uniaxial (-) | birefringence = | pleochroism = Ruby-red parallel to [0001]; pale brownish orange or pale red-orange at right angles to [0001] | streak = White | gravity = 4.01 | density = | melt = | fusibility = | diagnostic = | solubility = Insoluble in acids[2] | diaphaneity = Transparent | references = [3][4][5] }}Painite is a very rare borate mineral. It was first found in Myanmar by British mineralogist and gem dealer Arthur C.D. Pain who misidentified it as sapphire, until it was discovered as a new gemstone in the 1950s. When it was confirmed as a new mineral species, the mineral was named after him.[3] The chemical makeup of painite contains calcium, zirconium, boron, aluminium and oxygen (CaZrAl9O15(BO3)). The mineral also contains trace amounts of chromium and vanadium, which are responsible for Painite's typically orange-red to brownish-red color,[1][6] similar to topaz. The crystals are naturally hexagonal in shape, and, until late 2004, only two had been cut into faceted gemstones.[7] Discovery and occurrenceExtensive exploration in the Mogok region has identified several new painite occurrences that have been vigorously explored resulting in several thousand new available painite specimens.[6] References1. ^1 {{cite journal|author1=T Armbruster |author2=N Dobelin |author3=A Peretti |author4=D Gunther |author5=E Reusser |author6=B Grobety |year=2004|journal= American Mineralogist|volume= 89|pages=610–613|url=http://www.krist.unibe.ch/pdf/2004/painite.pdf|title=The crystal structure of painite CaZrB(Al9O18) revisited }} 2. ^1 2 {{cite journal|vauthors=Claringbull GF, Hey MH, Payne CJ |year=1957|journal= Mineralogical Magazine |volume=31|pages=420–5|doi=10.1180/minmag.1957.031.236.11|title=Painite, a New Mineral from Mogok, Burma|issue=236 }} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|editor1=Anthony, John W. |editor2=Bideaux, Richard A. |editor3=Bladh, Kenneth W. |editor4=Nichols, Monte C. |title=Handbook of Mineralogy |publisher=Mineralogical Society of America |place=Chantilly, VA, US |url=http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/painite.pdf |format=PDF |chapter=Paynite |accessdate=December 5, 2011 |isbn=0962209740 |year=2003 |volume=V (Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates)}} 4. ^Painite. Webmineral. Retrieved on 2012-05-28. 5. ^Painite. Mindat.org. Retrieved on 2012-05-28. 6. ^1 Painite history at Caltech. Minerals.gps.caltech.edu. Retrieved on 2012-05-28. 7. ^Ten gemstones that are rarer than diamond. io9.com External links
6 : Gemstones|Borate minerals|Zirconium minerals|Aluminium minerals|Calcium minerals|Hexagonal minerals |
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