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词条 Asad Durrani
释义

  1. Career

  2. The Spy Chronicles

  3. Bibliography

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Infobox military person
| name =Asad Durrani
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1941|02|07}}
| death_date =
| birth_place =Rawalpindi, British India[1]
| death_place =
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates =
| nickname =Fire Fox
| birth_name =Mohammad Asad Durrani
| allegiance ={{PAK}}
| branch ={{Army|PAK}}
| serviceyears =1959–1993
| rank = Lieutenant-General
| servicenumber =
| unit =Military Intelligence Corps
| commands =Inter-Services Intelligence (DG ISI)
Military Intelligence (DG MI)
Judge Advocate General Branch
Command and Staff College
National Defence University
350th Military Intelligence Brigade
| battles =Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
Bangladesh Liberation War
Indo-Pakistani war of 1971
Soviet–Afghan War
Operation Midnight Jackal
| battles_label =
| awards =
Hilal-i-Imtiaz (military)
| relations =
| laterwork =
}}

Lieutenant General Mohammad Asad Durrani ({{lang-ur|محمد اسد درانی}}; born 7 February 1941) is a retired 3-star rank general in the Pakistan Army and presently a commentator and speaker.[2] Durrani previously served as the director-general of the Inter-Services Intelligence and former director-general of the Pakistan Army's Military Intelligence.

Career

Durrani was born in 1941 in Rawalpindi, British India (present-day Pakistan). From 1957 to 1959, he attended the Government College, now a university, where he did his degree in Bachelor of Science. He joined the Pakistan Army in 1959.[3] and subsequently joined the Pakistan Military Academy, Kakul.[4] In 1960, he was commissioned as second lieutenant in the army as a gunner officer. As a captain he participated in the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965, where he commanded his company.[4] In 1968, he was promoted to major. He also took part in the 1971 war against India.[4]

Durrani has been in key posts, including an instructorship at the officers' academy and later at the Command and Staff College, Quetta, as Director General of Military Intelligence from 1988 to 1989[4] ; Director General of the powerful Inter-Services Intelligence[5] from 1990 to 1991, Inspector General Training and Evaluation at the General Headquarters and Commandant at the National Defence College.

Durrani is a graduate from the General Staff Academy, Germany. He has also been Pakistan's military attaché to Germany from 1980 to 1984. After retiring from the army, he was Pakistan's ambassador to Germany (1994–97) and Saudi Arabia (2000–02).[6][7]

In 1994, former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif accused Durrani and Mirza Aslam Beg of wanting to sell "heroin to pay for the country's covert military operations in early 1991."[8]

In 2008, Durrani acknowledged "distributing money to the alliance against Benazir Bhutto" in the 1993 Pakistani general election.[9]

In 2015, Durrani told the press it was “probable” the Pakistani government knew Osama bin Laden’s location and “the idea was that at the right time, his location would be revealed. And the right time would have been when you can get the necessary quid pro quo.”[10]

The Spy Chronicles

In 2018, he co-authored RAW, ISI and the Illusion of Peace with A. S. Dulat, former head of the Research and Analysis Wing.[11][12] He was supposed to attend the book release with Dulat in India, but the Indian government denied him a visa.[13] Subsequently, he received a summons to appear before

General Headquarters over the book[14] and was placed on the Exit Control List.[15]

Former Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif demanded that the National Security Committee (NSC) should discuss the book.[16] However in October 2018, Asad Durrani's lawyer said they had not received any notice of an inquiry and sought the removal of Asad Durrani's name from the Exit Control List.[17]

Shazar Shafat, a security analyst, suggests two reasons in South Asian Voices (hosted by the The Stimson Center) as to why Asad Durrani may be facing the backlash. The first is related to Durrani's comments on Akhand Bharat in the book and the second is in relation to comments on Kulbhushan Jadhav.[18][19] However, a report by CNN found that the book (as well as a pirated PDF version) was freely available in Pakistan and that the Pakistani governments "overreaction", according to Hassan Askari Rizvi and other defence analysts, may be because Durrani did not get prior permissions for such a book.[20][21]

On 22 February 2019, Asad Durrani was found guilty of violating Pakistan's Military Code of Conduct for co-writing the book.[22][23] Asad Durrani's pension and other allowances have been withdrawn and it is yet to be decided if he should be taken off the Exit Control List or not.[24][25]

Bibliography

  • Asad Durrani, RAW, ISI and the Illusion of Peace (with A. S. Dulat) (HarperCollins, 2018) {{ISBN|978-9352779253}}
  • Asad Durrani, Pakistan Adrift: Navigating Troubled Waters (Hurst, 2018) {{ISBN|978-1849049610}}

References

1. ^Asad Durrani, The Spy Chronicles: RAW, ISI and the Illusion of Peace (with A. S. Dulat) (HarperCollins, 2018) {{ISBN|978-9352779253}}, page 14
2. ^Asad Durrani, Strategic decision making in Pakistan, Strategic Studies
3. ^Asad DURRANI, Center for Energy and Security Studies, 2018
4. ^Peter Tomsen, "The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers" ( Public Affairs, 2013)
5. ^Owen L. Sirrs, "Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations" (Routledge, 2017)
6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Lieutenant General Asad Durrani |url=http://www.isi.org.pk/g.asad.htm |work=Inter Services Intelligence |publisher=Inter Services Intelligence |accessdate=10 April 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318163133/http://www.isi.org.pk/g.asad.htm |archivedate=18 March 2011 }}
7. ^https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/pakistan-adrift/
8. ^ John Ward Anderson and Kamran Khan, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/09/12/heroin-plan-by-top-pakistanis-alleged/311942bb-983a-416e-b735-7d71a07ba030/ HEROIN PLAN BY TOP PAKISTANIS ALLEGED], Washington Post, September 12, 1994
9. ^Omar Waraich, "Pakistan's Spies Elude Its Government Time, July 31, 2008
10. ^[https://www.politico.com/story/2015/02/osama-bin-laden-pakistan-asad-durrani-115063 Retired general: 'Probable' Pakistan knew of Bin Laden's whereabouts], Politico, 02/10/2015
11. ^Muhammad Saleh Zaafir, [https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/319527-former-isi-raw-chiefs-co-author-book Former ISI, RAW chiefs co-author book], The News, May 21, 2018
12. ^[https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/asad-durrani-former-isi-chief-expresses-dismay-at-own-people-after-backlash-on-book-1858449 Former ISI Chief Expresses Dismay At "Own People" After Backlash On Book], NDTV, May 28, 2018
13. ^ Maria Abi-Habib and Salman Masood[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/29/world/asia/pakistan-asad-durrani-spy-chronicles-india.html Pakistani Ex-Spy Chief Faces Inquiry Over Book With Indian Counterpart], New York Times, May 29, 2018
14. ^[https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/pakistan-army-summons-former-isi-chief-over-book-he-co-authored-with-ex-raw-head/story-eaMPO2y1o4afqOPIYWXUzM.html Pakistan Army summons former ISI chief over book he co-authored with ex-RAW head], Hindustan Times May 26, 2018
15. ^[https://tribune.com.pk/story/1722030/1-former-isi-chief-asad-durranis-name-put-no-fly-list/ Former ISI chief Asad Durrani's name put on no-fly list], The Express Tribune, May 29, 2018
16. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2018/05/26/pakistan-army-summons-former-isi-head-over-book--spy-chronicles-.html|title=Pakistan Army summons former ISI head over book 'Spy Chronicles'|last=|first=|date=26 May 2018|website=The Week|location=Islamabad|others=Press Trust of India|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=3 March 2019}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1439802|title=IHC orders ministries to submit reports on former spy chief Durrani|last=Imran|first=Mohammad|date=18 October 2018|website=DAWN|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=10 March 2019}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=https://southasianvoices.org/understanding-controversy-spy-chronicles/|title=Understanding the Controversy Around Spy Chronicles|last=Shafqat|first=Shazar|date=31 May 2018|website=South Asian Voices|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190310080003/https://southasianvoices.org/understanding-controversy-spy-chronicles/|archive-date=10 March 2019|dead-url=|access-date=10 March 2019}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://tns.thenews.com.pk/illusions-controversy/|title=Illusions of controversy|last=Shahid|first=K K|date=3 June 2018|website=TNS – The News on Sunday|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190310082024/http://tns.thenews.com.pk/illusions-controversy/|archive-date=10 March 2019|dead-url=|access-date=10 March 2019}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/31/asia/pakistan-isi-book-asad-durrani-intl/index.html|title=Ex-intelligence chief barred from leaving Pakistan over explosive book|last=Saifi|first=Sophia|date=31 May 2018|website=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615054341/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/31/asia/pakistan-isi-book-asad-durrani-intl/index.html|archive-date=15 June 2018|dead-url=|access-date=10 March 2019}}
21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1410634|title=Army to investigate former ISI chief over claims in book|last=Syed|first=Baqir Sajjad|date=29 May 2018|website=DAWN|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=10 March 2019}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/asad-durrani-guilty-pak-military-code-of-conduct-spy-chronicles-dulat-1462489-2019-02-22|title=Ex-ISI boss Asad Durrani found guilty of violating Pak military code for writing book with RAW chief|last=|first=|date=22 February 2019|website=India Today|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=3 March 2019}}
23. ^{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/pakistan-army-holds-former-isi-chief-asad-durrani-guilty-of-violating-military-code-of-conduct/articleshow/68115941.cms|title=Pakistan Army holds former ISI chief Asad Durrani guilty of violating military code of conduct|last=|first=|date=22 February 2019|work=The Economic Times|access-date=3 March 2019|others=Press Trust of India}}
24. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1465527|title=Army chief warns India against ‘misadventure’|last=Syed|first=Baqir Sajjad|date=23 February 2019|website=DAWN|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=10 March 2019}}
25. ^{{Cite news|url=https://theprint.in/governance/ex-isi-chief-durrani-who-admitted-to-creation-of-hurriyat-stripped-of-pension-benefits/196924/|title=Ex-ISI chief Durrani, who admitted to creation of Hurriyat, stripped of pension benefits|last=Malhotra|first=Jyoti|date=23 February 2019|work=The Print|access-date=3 March 2019}}

External links

  • [https://soundcloud.com/warstudies/lt-gen-r-asad-durrani-afghanistan-after-2014-a-pakistani-perspective Lt. Gen (R) Asad Durrani: Afghanistan after 2014]
  • Strategic decision making in Pakistan by Asad Durrani
{{s-start}}{{s-mil}}{{s-bef|before=Shamsur Rahman Kallu}}{{s-ttl|title=Director General of the Inter-Services Intelligence|years=1990 – 1992}}{{s-aft|after=Javed Nasir}}{{end}}{{Pakistan Army template}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Durrani, Asad}}

9 : 1941 births|Living people|Pashtun people|Pakistani generals|Directors General of Inter-Services Intelligence|Government College University, Lahore alumni|Military personnel from Lahore|Ambassadors of Pakistan to Germany|Ambassadors of Pakistan to Saudi Arabia
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