| 释义 |
- Reign of Ashimi
- Dynasty
- Footnotes
- Bibliography
- External links
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Ashimi or Hashimi
| image =
| succession =
| reign = October 1885 to February 1886 - November–December 1893
| predecessor = Ibrahim Kura
| successor = Kyari of Borno
| spouses =
| issue =
| dynasty = Kanemi
| father = Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin
| mother =
| birth_date = 1840s
| birth_place =
| death_date = November–December 1893
| death_place = Borno
| place of burial = Maganwa
| signature =
| religion = Muslim
|}}Ashimi or Hashimi (1840s-1893) was Shehu of Borno from ca.1885 to 1893. Reign of AshimiAshimi became Shehu of Borno in 1885 at the death of his brother Ibrahim Kura. As it had already been the case for his two predecessors, his reign was marked by an intense political and economical crisis in Kukawa.[1] A French army officer who met Ashimi in 1892 believed that he had little direct involvement with the running of the kingdom; he also reported that the Shehu seemed pious, rather scholarly, and was someone who hated the thought of war.[2] In 1893, Ashimi lost two battles against Rabih az-Zubayr who was trying to invade Borno. His nephew Kyari, who was chosen to become the new Shehu, assassinated him in N'galagati near Geidam.[3] Dynasty{{S-start}}{{s-hou|House of Kanemi}}{{s-reg}}{{S-bef|before=Ibrahim Kura|years=1884-1885}}{{s-ttl|title=6th Shehu of Borno|years=1884-1885}}{{S-aft|after=Kyari of Borno|years=1893–1893}}{{s-break}}{{s-end}}Footnotes1. ^Louis Brenner, The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu, Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973), pp.125-130.
2. ^{{Cite journal|last=Ellison|first=R. E.|date=December 1959|title=THREE FORGOTTEN EXPLORERS OF THE LATTER HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR JOURNEYS TO BORNU|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41970641|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=1:4|pages=322-330|via=JSTOR}}
3. ^Herbert Richmond Palmer, The Bornu Sahara and Sudan (London: John Murray, 1936), p. 269.
Bibliography- Adeleye, Rowland, Power and Diplomacy in Northern Nigeria: 1804-1906, the Sokoto Caliphate and Its Enemies (London: Longman Group, 1971).
- Amegboh, Joseph, and Cécile Clairval, Rabah: Conquérant Des Pays Tchadiens, Grandes Figures Africaines (Paris: Dakar ; Abidjan : Nouvelles Éditions Africaines, 1976).
- Barth, Heinrich, [https://books.google.com/books?id=W8ByAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa] (London: Longman, 1857).
- Brenner, Louis, The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu, Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973).
- Cohen, Ronald, The Kanuri of Bornu, Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology (New York: Holt, 1967).
- Flint, John Edgar, Sir George Goldie and the Making of Nigeria, West African History Series (London: Oxford University Press, 1960).
- Hallam, W. K. R., The Life and Times of Rabih Fadl Allah (Ilfracombe: Stockwell, 1977).
- Hallam, W. K. R., ‘Rabih: His Place in History’, Borno Museum Society Newsletter, 15-16 (1993), 5-22.
- Horowitz, Michael M., ‘Ba Karim: An Account of Rabeh’s Wars’, African Historical Studies, 3 (1970), 391-402 {{doi|10.2307/216223}}.
- Lange, Dierk, 'The kingdoms and peoples of Chad', in General history of Africa, ed. by Djibril Tamsir Niane, IV (London: Unesco, Heinemann, 1984), pp. 238–265.
- Last, Murray, ‘Le Califat De Sokoto Et Borno’, in Histoire Generale De l'Afrique, Rev. ed. (Paris: Presence Africaine, 1986), pp. 599–646.
- Lavers, John, "The Al- Kanimiyyin Shehus: a Working Chronology" in Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs, 268, Bd. 2, Frankfurt a. M. 1993: 179-186.
- Mohammed, Kyari, Borno in the Rabih Years, 1893-1901: The Rise and Crash of a Predatory State (Maiduguri Nigeria: University of Maiduguri, 2006).
- Monteil, P. L., De Saint-Louis À Tripoli Par Le Lac Tchad Voyage Au Travers Du Soudan Et Du Sahara, Accompli Pendant Les Années 1890-1892 (Paris: Germer Baillière, 1895).
- Nachtigal, Gustav, Sahara und Sudan: Ergebnisse Sechsjähriger Reisen in Afrika (Berlin: Weidmann, 1879).
- {{cite book |author=Oliver, Roland & Anthony Atmore |title=Africa Since 1800, Fifth Edition |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=2005 |isbn=0-521-83615-8 }}
- Palmer, Herbert Richmond, The Bornu Sahara and Sudan (London: John Murray, 1936).
- {{cite book |author=Taher, Mohamed|title=Encyclopedic Survey of Islamic Dynasties A Continuing Series |publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. |location=New Delhi |year=1997 |isbn=81-261-0403-1 }}
- Tilho, Jean Auguste Marie, Tilho Mission, and France Ministère des Colonies, Documents Scientifiques De La Mission Tilho (1906–1909) (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1910).
External links- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717202400/http://www.kanuri.net/index.php Kanuri Studies Association]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashimi of Borno}} 7 : Bornu Empire|History of Nigeria|Royalty of Borno|1840s births|1893 deaths|19th-century rulers in Africa|19th-century Nigerian people |