| 词条 | Palatka, Florida | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|official_name = Palatka |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = City |motto = |image_skyline = PalatkaFLColl.png |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = Images top, left to right: City Hall, Confederate Memorial, Putnam County Courthouse, St. Mark's Episcopal Church, Larimer Memorial Library, Bronson-Mulholland House |image_flag = |image_seal = palatka_cityseal.PNG |image_shield = |image_map = Putnam_County_Florida_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Palatka_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = 250x200px |map_caption = Location in Putnam County and the state of Florida |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = Florida |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Putnam |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = Council-Manager |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Terrill Hill |leader_title1 = Vice-Mayor |leader_name1 = Mary Lawson Brown |leader_title2 = Commissioner |leader_name2 = Justin Campbell |leader_title3 = Commissioner |leader_name3 = Rufus Borom |leader_title4 = Commissioner |leader_name4 = James Norwood Jr |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1821 |established_title2 = Incorporated |established_date2 = 1853 |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = [1] |area_total_km2 = 23.54 |area_land_km2 = 22.10 |area_water_km2 = 1.44 |area_total_sq_mi = 9.09 |area_land_sq_mi = 8.53 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.56 |area_water_percent = 7.70 |area_blank1_title = Micropolitan |area_blank1_km2 = 2142 |area_blank1_sq_mi = 827 |population_as_of = 2010 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 10558 |population_density_km2 = 472.90 |population_density_sq_mi = 1224.75 |population_blank1_title = Micropolitan |population_blank1 = 72,893 |timezone = EST |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = -4 |coordinates = {{coord|29|38|52|N|81|39|5|W|region:US-FL|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |single line = Y |collapsed = |location = Palatka, Florida |temperature colour= |Jan record high F = 90 |Feb record high F = 90 |Mar record high F = 94 |Apr record high F = 96 |May record high F = 103 |Jun record high F = 105 |Jul record high F = 103 |Aug record high F = 102 |Sep record high F = 100 |Oct record high F = 95 |Nov record high F = 90 |Dec record high F = 85 |year record high F = 105 |Jan high F = 68 |Feb high F = 71 |Mar high F = 76 |Apr high F = 81 |May high F = 86 |Jun high F = 90 |Jul high F = 92 |Aug high F = 91 |Sep high F = 89 |Oct high F = 83 |Nov high F = 76 |Dec high F = 70 |year high F = |Jan low F = 44 |Feb low F = 46 |Mar low F = 51 |Apr low F = 57 |May low F = 64 |Jun low F = 71 |Jul low F = 73 |Aug low F = 73 |Sep low F = 70 |Oct low F = 62 |Nov low F = 54 |Dec low F = 47 |year low F = |Jan record low F = 11 |Feb record low F = 24 |Mar record low F = 21 |Apr record low F = 35 |May record low F = 47 |Jun record low F = 53 |Jul record low F = 64 |Aug record low F = 64 |Sep record low F = 53 |Oct record low F = 39 |Nov record low F = 23 |Dec record low F = 16 |year record low F = 11 |precipitation colour= green |Jan precipitation inch = 3.53 |Feb precipitation inch = 3.46 |Mar precipitation inch = 3.94 |Apr precipitation inch = 2.49 |May precipitation inch = 2.87 |Jun precipitation inch = 5.83 |Jul precipitation inch = 6.43 |Aug precipitation inch = 7.21 |Sep precipitation inch = 5.67 |Oct precipitation inch = 2.97 |Nov precipitation inch = 3.02 |Dec precipitation inch = 2.91 |year precipitation inch = |source 1= Weather Channel accessdate January 26, 2011 |date=March 2011}} CityscapeAs with many cities in the United States, development has occurred in a radial pattern from the city center to beyond the incorporated area. Due to the historical importance of Palatka as a southeastern interior port, much of the urban development is oriented toward the riverfront. The eastern sections of the city, which include downtown and the historic districts, are characterized by a gridded street system. A significant amount of the original brick roads survive in this area. The western outlying suburban areas are primarily characterized by an amorphous road pattern.[9] The city of Palatka is actively working toward redevelopment of its riverfront and downtown area.[10] The rise of the automobile, and the inevitable shift to a big-box economic format, has taken its toll on the once thriving regional center. Like many other American cities, Palatka's downtown has had to repurpose itself to cope with an auto-centric society. ArchitectureSeveral architectural styles are represented within the city. Victorian, Colonial Revival, Art Deco, Classical Revival, and Prairie School are all prominent building styles in the historical districts. One of the most notable buildings is the old James Hotel at 300 St. Johns Avenue. The hotel was constructed by Dr. George E Welch, president of the now defunct Putnam National Bank. Designed by architect Henry John Klutho in 1916, this building is a prime example of the Prairie School style.[11] Klutho also designed the Larimer Memorial Library, named after the wife of James Ross Mellon, eldest son of Judge Thomas Mellon. The library is a fusion of Prairie School and Art Deco. Today, the building is home to the Art Council of Greater Palatka and houses local art gallerys. The Larimer was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2008.[12] Though there are no discernible architectural styles in the outgrowth areas, a notable building technique has been used in the construction of the {{convert|23000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} Children's Reading Center Charter School. Five monolithic dome structures crown the facility and give it a distinct style.[13] Neighborhoods
Parks and gardens
Demographics
As of the census of 2004, there were 10,796 people, 3,880 households, and 2,421 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,442.1 people per square mile (556.6/km²). There were 4,318 housing units at an average density of 620.7 per square mile (239.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 48.93% White, 48.43% African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.04% from other races, and 1.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.83% of the population. {{US Census population|1860= 613 |1870= 720 |1880= 1616 |1890= 3039 |1900= 3301 |1910= 3779 |1920= 5102 |1930= 6500 |1940= 7140 |1950= 9176 |1960= 11028 |1970= 9444 |1980= 10175 |1990= 10201 |2000= 10033 |2010= 10558 |estyear=2016 |estimate=10452 |estref=[17] |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[18] }} There were 3,880 households out of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.0% were married couples living together, 24.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.6% are other types of families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.10. In the city, the population was spread out with 28.6% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 19.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.8 males. The median income for a household in the city was $18,129, and the median income for a family was $26,076. Males had a median income of $27,716 versus $19,187 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,351. About 27.9% of families and 33.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.0% of those under age 18 and 19.6% of those age 65 or over. GovernmentPalatka uses the commission-manager form of municipal government, with all governmental powers resting in a legislative body called a commission. Palatka's commission is composed of five elected commissioners, one being the mayor/commissioner.[19] The mayor and commissioners serve four year terms. The offices are non-partisan; no candidate is allowed to declare a party affiliation. The role of the commission is to set policy, pass ordinances and resolutions, adopt regulations, and appoint city officials, including the city manager. While the mayor serves as a presiding officer of the commission, the city manager is the administrative head of the municipal government, and is responsible for the administration of all departments. The city commission holds its regular meetings semi-monthly on the 2nd and 4th Thursdays of the Month.[20]{{clear left}} {{col-begin|width=auto}}{{col-break}}
InfrastructureHealth careLocal health care is provided by the Putnam Community Medical Center. The 140-bed facility offers a medical and surgical units, 24-hour emergency department, critical care unit, skilled nursing unit, progressive care unit, family birthplace center. Other services include a diagnostic imaging department and an outpatient rehabilitation facility.[22] Located in Palatka, the medical center services all of Putnam County. The clinic was founded in 1959 and currently is a subsidiary of HCA Healthcare.[23] The local health department is located at 2801 Kennedy Street in Palatka.[24] EducationThe main center for higher education in the city is St. Johns River State College. In 1958, the institute opened its doors in Palatka to 191 students. Today the school serves Putnam, Clay, and St. Johns Counties and boost approximately 10,000 students.[25] The Palatka campus serves as the administrative center, it also houses the Florida School of the Arts and the local St. Leo University branch. Public primary and secondary education is operated by Putnam County Public Schools, officially known as the Putnam County School District (PCSD). According to 2007 enrollment numbers, the district is home to 12,101 students.[26] Palatka has one public traditional high school. Palatka High School was formed in 1977 after the merger of Palatka Central High School and Palatka South High School.[27] The Putnam County Library System serves Putnam County, Florida with five locations.[28] The Palatka Library location operates as the systems headquarters. TransportationTransportation has been key in the development of Palatka since the day of its inception. Steamboats were the main economic driving force in the city's early years. The river is no longer a primary means of passenger transportation, but remains of strategic importance in the movement of goods and services. Today, airports, railroads, and highways make up the main infrastructure of passenger travel. Palatka's own transportation infrastructure remains important as it is centrally located between large population centers in Jacksonville, a large educational institute in Gainesville, and tourist hubs in St. Augustine and Orlando. {{clear}}
The bundled US 17, SR 20 and SR 100 cross the Memorial Bridge over the St. Johns River toward East Palatka.
Bus transportation in the city is provided by Ride Solution. The agency is responsible for public transit throughout all of Putnam County, Florida. Established in 1986 as ARC Transit, the original paratransit services have expanded to include regular bus services, express bus services, and vanpools. Recently, bus design and manufacturing has become a way Ride Solution is helping improve community transportation. The Brevi Bus was created to handle the rugged terrain and unpaved roads of rural Putnam County. The Bus was designed locally by Ride Solution and is expected to improve access by 30 percent.[29]
Amtrak serves Palatka by the daily Silver Meteor and Silver Star intercity rail services. The Palatka Amtrak station is a historic Atlantic Coast Line Railroad depot located at 220 North Eleventh Street.[30] The station was added in 1988 to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Palatka Municipal Airport is a public-use, general aviation airport located {{convert|2|mi|km}} northwest of Downtown Palatka. The nearest international airport is Jacksonville International Airport, approximatively {{convert|68|mi|km}} north of Palatka. The closest major international airport is Orlando International Airport. EconomyThe composition of the Palatka area economy is unreflective of Florida as a whole. Unlike many cities in the state, Palatka has a large manufacturing sector, employing 17.2% of the city's total civilian workforce.[31] Comparatively, Florida's statistics indicate 5.9% of the state's entire workforce is employed by the manufacturing sector.[32] Georgia Pacific is the single largest private employer in the city. The Koch owned firm employs 1,470 people at its pulp, paper, and plywood operations.[33] PDM Bridge is another large manufacturing company operating in Palatka. Their facility is located in Barge Port on the St. Johns River. The Eau Claire, Wisconsin-based bridge builder utilizes the river for the transportation of its finished products.[34] PDM Bridge is notable for the fabrication of the Woodrow Wilson Bridge structure. The bridge is part of the Capital Beltway and connects Washington, D.C. and Alexandria, Virginia. The Palatka area was of early significance in accessing the interior of the state. This significance was due to its location at the end of an expansive portion of waterway at the divide between the upper and lower St. Johns River. First established as a trading outpost, tourism would eventually boom and fuel growth for decades. The decline of waterborne travel in Northeast Florida, and the United States in general, ultimately reduced the importance of tourism in the city. Nowadays, large international airports and bypassing interstate highways carry vacationers to destinations further south. Tourism remains a vital part of Florida's modern economy. Of the state's total employed, 15.5% worked in tourist related industries.[35] Again, the Palatka labor market is unlike that of the state. Only 7.1% work in arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation and food services.[36] The tourism industry may not hold the glory it once did, but it continues to be of importance to the Palatka economy as a whole. In recent years, the Putnam County government has adopted policies focused on facilitating Ecotourism in the region. Nature trails are being expanded and kayaking waterways have been improved and mapped. Portions of the Florida Trail runs through the area and connect local hiking trails to other trail systems in parks throughout the region.[37] Ocala National Forest is the second largest National Forest in the state. Other large parks include Welaka State Forest, Etoniah Creek State Forest and Dunns Creek State Park. Other conservation areas exist under the management of the Putnam Land Conservancy and St. Johns River Water Management District. Both entities operate regionally and identify and protect ecologically sensitive areas.[38][39] If progress continues, and ecotourism creates a vibrant local economy, economic incentives could drive further preservation of the natural habitats, benefitting the environment as a whole. Of residents aged 16 years and over, 53.3% were in the labor force; 45.6% were employed and 7.6% unemployed.[40] Compared to Florida's average, Palatka has a higher percentage of unemployed. Of the same survey, the State's unemployment was 4.6% of the available labor force.[41] The current Florida unemployment rate, published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, stands at 7.0%.[42] The Palatka area is bordered on all sides by four separate metropolitan statistical areas. Of those, the Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, Gainesville, and Jacksonville metropolitan statisitcal areas all had better performing unemployment statistics than Palatka in 2011, when the unemployment rate in the Palatka Micropolitan Statistical Area was 13.8%.[43] Gainesville showed the most favorable conditions with an unemployment rate of 8.7%.[44] Statistics for Palm Coast and Ocala both indicated unemployment rates higher than that of Palatka. Regionally, The employment numbers of Palm Coast have been hit hardest, the bedroom community has an unemployment rate currently at 16.6%.[45] Sites of interestThe following entries are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:
GallerySister citiesPalatka has one sister city.[46]
See alsoList of people from Palatka, FloridaReferencesExternal links{{commons category|Palatka, Florida}}
9 : Palatka, Florida|Cities in Putnam County, Florida|Populated places on the St. Johns River|County seats in Florida|Micropolitan areas of Florida|Populated places established in 1821|Cities in Florida|1821 establishments in Florida Territory|Utopian communities |
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