| 词条 | Pal Engjëlli |
| 释义 |
| type = Cardinal | name = Pal Ëngjëlli | title = Cardinal[1] [2] | image = Stained glass depiction of Pope Callixtus III, Skanderbeg and Pal Engjëlli at the Cathedral of Saint Mother Teresa in Prishtina.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Pal Engjëlli (centre in black robes) holding the baptismal formula in Albanian | native_name = Pal Ëngjëlli | native_name_lang = | church = Roman Catholic | archdiocese = Durrës | province = | metropolis = | diocese = | see = | appointed = 1459 | elected = | term = 1460 | term_start = January | quashed = | term_end = 1459 | predecessor = | successor = | opposed = | other_post = | ordination = | ordained_by = | consecration = | consecrated_by = | cardinal = | rank = Cardinal-Deacon | created_cardinal_by = | birth_name = | birth_date = 1416 | birth_place = | death_date = 1470 | death_place = | buried = | nationality = Albanian | religion = | residence = | parents = | spouse = | children = | occupation = | previous_post = | profession = | alma_mater = | signature = | coat_of_arms = | motto = | education = | signature_alt = | coat_of_arms_alt = | feast_day = | venerated = | saint_title = | beatified_date = | beatified_place = | beatified_by = | canonized_date = | canonized_place = | canonized_by = | attributes = | patronage = | shrine = | suppressed_date = | other = | honorific-prefix = His Eminence | honorific-suffix = }} Pal Ëngjëlli ({{lang-la|Paulus Angelus}}; 1416 – 1470) was an Albanian Roman Catholic cardinal, clergyman, scholar, and Archbishop of Durrës[3] who in 1462 wrote the first known sentence retrieved so far in Albanian. Pal Ëngjëlli is reported to have been a friend, co-worker and close counselor of Skanderbeg. As his envoy, he frequently traveled abroad, seeking for aid in the war against the Ottoman Empire.[4] Pal is the Northern Albanian version of Paul, and Ëngjëlli is the Albanian form of angel. Ëngjëlli managed to convince Lekë Dukagjini to leave Ottomans and later reconcile with Skanderbeg, and also to convince Skanderbeg to violate an armistice signed with the Ottomans.[5] The baptism formula document{{Main article|Formula e pagëzimit}}The sentence was the baptismal formula in the Gheg Albanian ({{lang-sq|Formula e pagëzimit}}) [6]: Un'te paghesont' pr'emenit t'Atit e t'Birit e t'Spertit Senit. ({{lang-en|"I baptize thee in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit."}}) and in the Tosk based standard: {{lang-sq|"'Unë të pagëzoj në emër të Atit, të Birit, e të Shpirtit të Shenjtë"}}).[7] The formula was found in a pastoral letter written in Latin by Ëngjëlli after his visit to the Church of Holy Trinity in Mat. The letter is dated 8 November 1462. The formula was meant to be used by Albanian priests to render the ritual understandable for people ignorant of Latin. Probably it was meant also to be used by Albanian people in the countryside, unable to take their children to be baptized to a church. The formula was approved by a synod in Mat, Albania, in 1462.[8] The document containing the baptismal formula is held in the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence, Italy. It was discovered in 1915 by the Romanian scholar Nicolae Iorga.[9] See also
References1. ^not verified {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Engjelli, Pal}}2. ^Information still uncertain 3. ^{{cite book |title=Standard Albanian: a reference grammar for students |last=Newmark |first=Leonard |authorlink= |author2=Philip Hubbard |author3=Peter R. Prifti |year=1982 |publisher=Andrew Mellon Foundation |location= |isbn= |page=3 |pages= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hqlYbhnII3QC&pg=PA3&dq=Pal+Engj%C3%ABlli&cd=3#v=onepage&q=&f=false |accessdate=2010-05-28}} 4. ^{{cite journal |last= |first= |authorlink= |title=Deuxième Conférence des études albanologiques: à l'occasion du 5e ... |journal= |volume=1 |issue= |pages=64 |id= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t0PRAAAAMAAJ&q=Pal+Engj%C3%ABlli+skanderbeg&dq=Pal+Engj%C3%ABlli+skanderbeg&cd=2 |accessdate=2010-05-28 |quote= }} 5. ^{{Citation |last=Božić |first=Ivan | title= Nemirno pomorje XV veka |url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=wVgmT5zbOIag-wa0hoHjCA&id=SnkBAAAAMAAJ&dq=%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%92%D0%B8%D0%BD&q=%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83+%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0#search_anchor |year=1979 |publisher=Srpska književna zadruga |location=Beograd |language= Serbian |oclc=5845972|page=380|quote= захваљујући помоћи драчког архиепископа Павла Анђела, који је успео да одвоји Леку од Турака и доцније измири са Скендербегом, а исто тако и да Скендербега наведе на прекид примирја са Турцима}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Carlos Quiles, Kárlos Kūriákī, Fernando López-Menchero|title=A Grammar of Modern Indo European|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RILAjuKkIH8C&pg=PA128&lpg=PA128|year=2011|publisher=Indo-European Language Association|isbn=1461022134|page=128}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Janet Byron|title=Selection among alternates in language standardization: the case of Albanian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qWA8AQAAIAAJ|accessdate=17 May 2012|year=1976|publisher=Mouton|quote=in Albanian is the short Catholic baptismal formula (Formula e pagëezimit) of 1462.2 The formula is in Geg, and written in Roman script; it occurs within a pastoral letter, itself in Latin, of the Archbishop of Durres, Pal Engjelli|page=36}} 8. ^{{cite book|last=Anamali|first=Skënder|title=Historia e popullit shqiptar në katër vëllime|volume=I|year=2002|page=311|publisher=Botimet Toena|language=Albanian|oclc=52411919}} 9. ^{{cite journal |last=Academia Republicii Socialiste România, Academia Republicii Populare Romîne |first= |authorlink= |year=1971 |title=Revue Des Études Sud-est Européennes |volume= 9|issue= |pages=102 |id= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uvAXAAAAIAAJ&q=paolo+angeli+iorga&dq=paolo+angeli+iorga&cd=1 |accessdate=2010-05-28 |quote= }} 10 : 1416 births|1470 deaths|Albanian religious leaders|15th-century Roman Catholic archbishops|Albanian diplomats|Albanian Roman Catholic archbishops|15th-century Albanian people|Albanian Roman Catholics|People from Durrës|Albanian cardinals |
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