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词条 Aptronym
释义

  1. History

  2. Notable examples

     Inaptronyms 

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

An aptronym, aptonym or euonym is a personal name aptly or peculiarly suited to its owner.

History

The Encyclopædia Britannica attributes the term to Franklin P. Adams, a writer who coined it as an anagram of patronym, to emphasize "apt".[1]

According to Frank Nuessel, in The Study of Names (1992), an aptonym is the term used for "people whose names and occupations or situations (e.g., workplace) have a close correspondence."

In the book What's in a Name? (1996), author Paul Dickson cites a long list of aptronyms originally compiled by Professor Lewis P. Lipsitt, of Brown University.[2] Psychologist Carl Jung wrote in his book Synchronicity that there was a "sometimes quite grotesque coincidence between a man's name and his peculiarities".[3]

Nominative determinism is a hypothesis which suggests a causal relationship based on the idea that people tend to be attracted to areas of work that fit their name.

Notable examples

  • Jules Angst, German professor of psychiatry, who has published works about anxiety[4]
  • Michael Ball, football player[5]
  • Lonzo Ball, basketball player
  • Colin Bass, British bassist in the rock band Camel[4]
  • Lance Bass, bass singer for the American pop boy band NSYNC[5]
  • Sara Blizzard, meteorologist (television weather presenter) for the BBC[4]
  • Usain Bolt, Jamaican sprinter[6]
  • Doug Bowser, president of Nintendo of America.[7] ("Bowser" is the name of the antagonist of Nintendo's Mario franchise.)
  • Rosalind Brewer, executive at Starbucks and a former director at Molson Coors Brewing Company[8][9]
  • Christopher Coke, drug lord and cocaine trafficker [10]
  • Margaret Court, Australian tennis player[5]
  • Thomas Crapper, sanitary engineer[11][12]
  • Josh Earnest, the third press secretary for the Obama Administration (Stephen Colbert observed, "What a name for a press secretary. Josh Earnest. His name literally means, 'Just kidding, but seriously.'"[13])
  • Cecil Fielder and Prince Fielder, baseball players[14]
  • Franz Fischler, former European Union Commissioner for Fisheries
  • Amy Freeze, American meteorologist[19]
  • Theodore Gill, American ichthyologist
  • Igor Judge, English judge and Lord Chief Justice[15]
  • John Laws, English judge and Lord Justice of Appeal
  • Chris Moneymaker, American poker player and 2003 World Series of Poker champion[16]
  • Josh Outman, baseball pitcher[17]
  • Francine Prose, American novelist[18]
  • Marilyn vos Savant, American columnist who has been cited for having the world's highest recorded IQ[19]
  • Go Seigen, Chinese-born Japanese Go player, widely considered the greatest Go player of the 20th century
  • George Francis Train, American railroad entrepreneur
  • Anthony Weiner, American politician involved in sexting scandals[20]
  • William Wordsworth, English poet and advocate for the extension of British copyright law[21][22][11]
  • Early Wynn, baseball pitcher, member of the 300 win club[23]

Inaptronyms

Some aptronyms are ironic rather than descriptive, being called inaptronyms by Gene Weingarten of the Washington Post.[24] A notable example is the former Archbishop of Manila, Jaime Sin who in 1976 was made a cardinal by Pope Paul VI, thus becoming known as "Cardinal Sin".[4]

  • Grant Balfour, baseball pitcher[25]
  • Frank Beard, an American musician who, until recently, was the only member of rock band ZZ Top without a beard[26]
  • Don Black, white supremacist[4]
  • Peter Bowler, cricketer (in fact, primarily a batsman)[4]
  • Samuel Foote, a comic actor who lost a leg in a horseriding accident in 1766, and made jokes on stage about "Foote and leg, and leg and foot"[27]
  • Robin G. Mahfood, President and CEO of Food for the Poor [28][29]
  • Danielle Outlaw, Chief of Police at Portland Police Bureau[30]
  • Larry Playfair, NHL defenseman known for his fighting[31]

See also

  • -onym

References

1. ^{{cite encyclopedia |year=2008 |title =aptronym |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/30911/aptronym|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |edition=Encyclopædia Britannica Online|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |accessdate=2008-07-19 |location= |id= }}
2. ^{{cite book|last1=Dickson|first1=Paul|title=What's in a Name? Reflections of an Irrepressible Name Collector|date=1996|publisher=Merriam-Webster|location=Springfield, Mass.|isbn=0-87779-613-0}}
3. ^"When the name fits the job" BBC. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/media/mind-your-language/2014/oct/31/mind-your-language-nominative-determinism |title= Reckless by name, reckless by nature? (But at least he's not called Rich White) |last= Nunn |first= Gary }}
5. ^{{Cite news|last1=Holley|first1=Shawn|title=20 20 Smart Lists|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hus7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PP28&dq=lance+bass+aptronym#v=onepage&q=lance%20bass%20aptronym}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-aptronym-names-1689129|title=Aptronym - Definitions and Examples in English|last=Nordquist|first=Richard}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/doug-bowser-and-other-people-whose-names-perfectly-fit-their-jobs-2019-02-22 |title=Doug Bowser & Other People Whose Names Perfectly Fit Their Jobs|last=Lyn Pesce |first=Nicole |date=22 February 2019 |website=Marketwatch.com |access-date=22 February 2019}}
8. ^{{cite news|last=Berman|first=Laura|date=September 6, 2017|title=Starbucks Adds Fittingly Named Rosalind Brewer, Sam's Club Veteran, as COO|url=https://www.thestreet.com/story/14295568/1/starbucks-adds-fittingly-named-rosalind-brewer-sam-s-club-veteran-as-coo.html|work=The Street|accessdate=2017-09-14}}
9. ^{{cite web|last=Noah|first=Timothy|date=May 17, 2006|title=Wayne Schmuck, Used-Car Distributor|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/chatterbox/2006/05/wayne_schmuck_usedcar_distributor.html|work=Slate|accessdate=2017-09-14}}
10. ^{{cite news |last= Haberman |first= Clyde |date= 2011-09-01 |title= "When a Person's Name Means What It Says" |url= https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/01/when-a-persons-name-means-what-it-says/ |work= New York Times |access-date= 2 December 2018 }}
11. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|work=MacMillan Dictionary|title=BuzzWord: Aptronym|date=4 March 2008|last=Maxwell|first=Kerry|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/buzzword/entries/aptronym.html}}
12. ^{{Cite book|author=Wilton, David|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=QQovEeLHVl0C&pg=PA137|title=Word Myths: Debunking Linguistic Urban Legends|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2008|page=137}}
13. ^{{cite news|last1=Topaz|first1=Jonathan|title=Stephen Colbert to 'quitter' Jay Carney: Man up!|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2014/06/jay-carney-stephen-colbert-quitter-comedy-central-108107.html|accessdate=17 January 2015|work=Politico|date=24 June 2014}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-people-with-literal-names/jordan-love|title=Famous People with Literal Names|last=Love|first=Jordan}}
15. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/10218954/Farewell-to-a-doughty-champion-of-liberty-and-the-public-interest.html|title=Farewell to a doughty champion of liberty and the public interest|last=Johnston|first=Philip|date=2013-08-02|access-date=2018-01-06|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}
16. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/25/us/a-player-called-money-wins-world-poker-title.html|title=A Player Called 'Money' Wins World Poker Title|last=Wilgoren|first=Jodi|date=2003-05-25|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-01-06|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
17. ^[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-names/having-the-right-name-at-the-right-or-sometimes-wrong-time-idUSKCN1C425Q Having the right name at the right, or sometimes wrong, time] Reuters
18. ^{{cite book|last1=Sánchez Canales|first1=Gustavo|editor1-last=Aarons|editor1-first=Victoria|editor2-last=Sánchez Canales|editor2-first=Gustavo|title=Bernard Malamud: A Centennial Tribute|date=2016|publisher=Wayne State University Press|location=Detroit, Michigan|isbn=9780814341148|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3qohDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT89&dq=francine+prose+aptronym#v=onepage&q=francine%20prose%20aptronym|accessdate=27 June 2017|chapter="What's in a Name?": Aptronyms and Archetypes in Bernard Malamud's The Assistant and The Fixer}}
19. ^{{cite book |last= Elster |first= Charles Harrington |title= What in the Word? |location= Orlando, FL |publisher= Harcourt |year= 2005 |page= 109 |isbn=}}
20. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/lexicon_valley/2016/03/14/how_trump_s_name_is_an_aptronym.html|title=Do Our Names Shape Our Destinies? Trump's Might.|last=Johnson|first=Theodore R.|work=Slate|date=14 March 2016}}
21. ^{{Cite book|author=Wordsworth, William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ZcUAAAAQAAJ|title=The Prose Works of William Wordsworth|editor= Alexander B. Grosart|location=London|publisher=Edward Moxon, Son and Co.|year=1876|page=21}}
22. ^{{cite journal|author=Swartz, Richard G.|jstor=438162|title=Wordsworth, Copyright, and the Commodities of Genius|journal= Modern Philology |volume=89|issue=4|year=1992|pages=482–509}}
23. ^{{Cite book|author=Lederer, Richard|url=https://books.google.lu/books?id=tnxQCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT37&lpg=PT37&dq=early+wynn+aptronym&source=bl&ots=MpeUoIfYZn&sig=ACfU3U0RLq9YQZILH5faMxOZJwdwJDH-ag&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwih_9us86LgAhViRxUIHZ-ADQkQ6AEwDnoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=early%20wynn%20aptronym&f=false |title= Amazing Words: An Alphabetical Anthology of Alluring, Astonishing, Astounding, Bedazzling, Beguiling, Bewitching, Enchanting, Enthralling, Entrancing, Magical, Mesmerizing, Miraculous, Tantalizing, Tempting, and Transfixing Words|publisher=Marion Street Press, LLC |year=2012}}
24. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2006/07/11/DI2006071100616.html|title=Chatological Humor* (UPDATED 7.21.06)|author=Gene Weingarten|date=July 18, 2006|work=Washington Post}}
25. ^[https://andrewjkahn.com/2012/07/13/josh-outman-homer-bailey-grant-balfour/ Josh Outman? Not Quite] Andrew Kahn
26. ^{{Cite web|url=http://kmhk.com/zz-top-drummer-frank-beard-finally-grows-one/|title=ZZ Top Drummer Frank Beard Finally Grows One|website=103.7 The Hawk|access-date=2018-01-06}}
27. ^{{cite news|last1=Clarke|first1=Norma|title=Samuel Foote, the one-legged wonder|url=http://www.the-tls.co.uk/tls/public/article1179826.ece|accessdate=14 December 2015|publisher=The Times Literary Supplement|date=28 December 2014}}
28. ^{{cite web|title=Robin Mahfood President, CEO|url=https://www.foodforthepoor.org/about-us/leadership/president-ceo.html|website=Food for the Poor|accessdate=4 February 2019}}
29. ^{{cite web|title=Robin Mahfood, Food For The Poor President, Has Most Ironic Name Ever|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/20/robin-mahfood-food-for-the-poor-president-has-most-ironic-name-ever_n_2728377.html|website=Huffington Post|accessdate=6 December 2017}}
30. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.kptv.com/story/36512715/qa-with-new-portland-police-chief-danielle-outlaw|title=Q&A with new Portland Police Chief Danielle Outlaw|website=Fox 12 Oregon|access-date=2018-08-13}}
31. ^{{cite web|title=6 Biggest Goons In Buffalo Sabres' History|url=http://www.rantsports.com/nhl/2014/01/19/6-biggest-goons-in-buffalo-sabres-history/#slide_6|website=Rant Sports|accessdate=14 December 2015|date=19 January 2014}}

External links

  • Aptonyms-wiki (based on the extinct [https://web.archive.org/web/20090911085713/http://homepage.mac.com/chapmandave/aptonyms/ Canadian Aptonym Centre])
  • "Charol Shakeshaft, Topped!", A Yellow Pages of aptronyms. reader-submitted aptronyms by Slate's Timothy Noah
{{Wiktionary|aptronym|aptonym|euonym}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}{{Personal names}}

4 : Names|Semantics|Types of words|Word play
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