| 词条 | Attalea phalerata |
| 释义 |
| image = Attalea phalerata population.JPG | image_caption = | genus = Attalea | species = phalerata | authority = Mart. ex Spreng. | synonyms =Attalea excelsa Attalea princeps Scheelea martiana }}Attalea phalerata is a species of palm tree known by the English common name urucuri palm, the Portuguese common name urucurizeiro, and the Spanish common name shapaja.[1] Other common names include motacu[2] and bacuri.[3] It is native to Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Peru,[1] where it grows along southern and western Amazonia.[4] It is the most common palm tree on the Pantanal.[5] DescriptionThis palm grows up to 18 meters tall, the trunk rarely reaching more than 4 m.[6][7] It has up to 30 feather-like leaves.[7] The bright orange fruits are up to 11 cm long.[7] EcologyThis palm species is of ecological importance and grows in many types of forest; individuals become fertile at 7-10 years of age (1 m height).[6] Flowering occurs throughout the year and fruiting twice per year.[6] The seeds are dispersed by tapirs, which swallow the fruits whole,[8] and by rheas, agoutis, spiny rats of genus Clyomys, and caracaras. The hyacinth macaw consumes the seeds and may disperse them, as well.[3] The sheaths of the palm often accumulate the seeds of other plants, which are sometimes deposited there by Artibeus jamaicensis, a frugivorous bat. The seeds sometimes germinate there and grow as epiphytes on the palm tree.[5] This palm tree is commonly pollinated by sap beetles of genus Mystrops and weevils of tribe Madarini.[9] The weevil Pachymerus cardo is known to be a seed predator on this species.[8] Rhodinus stali, an insect which is a vector of Chagas disease, may infest this tree.[2] UsesThe tree has human uses. The leaves are used to thatch rooftops and the fruits are fed to pigs and other livestock.[2] It is a source of vegetable oil.[10] This is "economically the most important palm species in Bolivia".[6] References1. ^1 {{GRIN | accessdate = 25 January 2018}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q4818080}}2. ^1 2 Justi, S. A., et al. (2010). Infestation of peridomestic Attalea phalerata palms by Rhodnius stali, a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Alto Beni, Bolivia. Tropical Medicine and International Health 15(6) 727-32. 3. ^1 Galetti, M. and P. R. Guimarães Jr. (2004). Seed dispersal of Attalea phalerata (Palmae) by Crested caracaras (Caracara plancus) in the Pantanal and a review of frugivory by raptors. Ararajuba 12(2) 133-35. 4. ^Choo, J., et al. (2010). Characterization of 14 microsatellite loci in a tropical palm, Attelea phalerata (Arecaceae).{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} American Journal of Botany e105-e106. 5. ^1 Corrêa, C. E., et al. (2012). Seed banks on Attalea phalerata (Arecaceae) stems in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. Annals of Botany 109 729-34. 6. ^1 2 3 Barthlott, W. and M. Winiger. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9craDS3_lUAC&pg=PA273&lpg=PA273&dq=Attalea+phalerata&source=bl&ots=-oLbqCG9ak&sig=_mRZjGD63K_sTHlelMQvqerOF5c&sa=X&ei=xQUnUJzsN5DyqwHEzYDoCQ&ved=0CDsQ6AEwCTiMAQ#v=onepage&q=Attalea%20phalerata&f=false Biodiversity: A Challenge for Development Research and Policy.] Springer 2001. 7. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.palmpedia.net/wiki/Attalea_phalerata|title=Attalea phalerata - Palmpedia - Palm Grower's Guide|website=www.palmpedia.net|language=en|access-date=2018-10-27}} 8. ^1 Quiroga-Castro, V. D. and A. I. Roldán. (2001). [https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3593191?uid=3739560&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21101141120707 The fate of Attalea phalerata (Palmae) seeds dispersed to a tapir latrine.] Biotropica 33(3) 472-77. 9. ^Fava, W. S., et al. (2011). Attalea phalerata and Bactris glaucescens (Arecaceae, Arecoideae): Phenology and pollination ecology in the Pantanal, Brazil. Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 206(6) 575-84. 10. ^R., M. Moraes., et al. (1996). [https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/4255886?uid=3739560&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21101141158817 Notes on the biology and uses of the Motacú Palm (Attalea phalerata, Arecaceae) from Bolivia.] Economic Botany 50(4) 423-28. 5 : Attalea (plant)|Trees of Brazil|Trees of Bolivia|Trees of Paraguay|Trees of Peru |
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