| 词条 | Pandalus borealis |
| 释义 |
| name = Pandalus borealis | image = Woda-6 ubt.jpeg | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | subphylum = Crustacea | classis = Malacostraca | ordo = Decapoda | infraordo = Caridea | familia = Pandalidae | genus = Pandalus | species = P. borealis | binomial = Pandalus borealis | binomial_authority = Krøyer, 1838 }}Pandalus borealis is a species of caridean shrimp found in cold parts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The FAO refers to them as the northern prawn.[1] Other common names include coldwater prawn, pink shrimp, deepwater prawn, deep-sea prawn, Maine shrimp, great northern prawn, {{Lang|fr|crevette nordique}} and northern shrimp.[1] DistributionP. borealis lives at depths of {{convert|20|-|1330|m|ft|abbr=on}}, usually on soft muddy bottoms,[1] in waters with a temperature of {{convert|0|-|8|C|F}}.[2] The distribution of the nominate subspecies P. b. borealis in the Atlantic ranges from New England, Canada's eastern seaboard (off Newfoundland and Labrador and eastern Baffin Island in Nunavut), southern and eastern Greenland, Iceland, Svalbard, Norway and the North Sea as far south as the English Channel. In the Pacific, P. b. eous is found from Japan, through the Sea of Okhotsk, across the Bering Strait, and as far south in North America as Washington state. PhysiologyIn their 8-year lifespan,[5] males can reach a length of {{convert|120|mm|abbr=on}}, while females can reach {{convert|165|mm|abbr=on}} long.[1] The shrimp are hermaphroditic. They start out male, but after a year or two, their testes turn to ovaries and they complete their lives as females.[3] {{clear}}Commercial fishingP. borealis is an important food resource, and has been widely fished since the early 1900s in Norway, and later in other countries following Johan Hjort's practical discoveries of how to locate them. In Canada, these shrimp are sold peeled, cooked and frozen in bags in supermarkets, and are consumed as appetizers. Northern shrimp have a short life, which contributes to a variable stock on a yearly basis. However, the species is not considered overfished due to a large amount reported and a large amount harvested. In Canada, the annual harvest limit is set to 164,000 tonnes (2008).[3] The Canadian fishery began in the 1980s and expanded in 1990s. In 2013 the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission determined that stocks of P. borealis were too low and shut down the New England fishery. This was the first cancellation in 35 years.[5] UsesBeyond human consumption, shrimp alkaline phosphatase (SAP), an enzyme used in molecular biology, is obtained from Pandalus borealis, and the species' carapace is a source of chitosan, a versatile chemical used for such different applications as treating bleeding wounds, filtering wine or improving the soil in organic farming. References{{Portal|Crustaceans}}1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/3425/en |title=Pandalus borealis (Krøyer, 1838) |work=Species Fact Sheet |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization |accessdate=November 2, 2010}} 2. ^Muus, B., J. G. Nielsen, P. Dahlstrom and B. Nystrom (1999). Sea Fish. pp. 284–285. {{ISBN|8790787005}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.seafish.org/upload/file/cold_water_prawn_web_version/Prawn%20Factsheet2%20A4s.pdf |title=Guide to Responsible Sourcing Guide. Cold-water prawns |publisher=Seafish |accessdate=November 2, 2010 |date=April 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722072348/http://www.seafish.org/upload/file/cold_water_prawn_web_version/Prawn%20Factsheet2%20A4s.pdf |archivedate=July 22, 2011 |df= }} 4. ^Based on data sourced from the FishStat database, FAO. 5. ^{{cite news|last=Porter|first=Tom|title=Fishery Closure Puts New England's Shrimp Season On Ice|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/12/07/249275097/fishery-closure-puts-new-englands-shrimp-season-on-ice|accessdate=10 December 2013|newspaper=National Public Radio|date=7 December 2013}} External links
5 : Caridea|Edible crustaceans|Commercial crustaceans|Crustaceans described in 1838|Taxa named by Henrik Nikolai Krøyer |
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