| 词条 | Avabai Bomanji Wadia |
| 释义 |
| name = Avabai Bomanji Wadia | image = File:Third International Conference FPA India.jpg | imagesize = 200 | caption = Avabai Wadia speaking at the Third International Conference 1952. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Dhanvanthi Rama Rau and Margaret Sanger in attendance | birth_date = {{birth-date|18 September 1913}} | birth_place = Colombo, Sri Lanka | death_date = {{death-date and age|11 July 2005|18 September 1913}} | death_place = India | restingplace = | restingplacecoordinates = | othername = | occupation = Social worker, writer | yearsactive = 1932-2005 | known for = Sexual health and family planning advocacy | spouse = Bomanji Khurshedji Wadia | domesticpartner = | children = | parents = Dorabji Muncherji Pirojbai Arsiwala Mehta | website = | awards = Padma Shri }}Avabai Bomanji Wadia (18 September 1913 – 11 July 2005) was a Sri Lankan born naturalised Indian social worker, writer[1][2] and the founder of the International Planned Parenthood Federation and the Family Planning Association of India, two non governmental organisations working to promote sexual health and family planning.[3][4] She was honoured by the Government of India in 1971 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.[5] BiographyEarly life and educationAvabai was born on 18 September 1913 in Colombo, British Ceylon (Sri Lanka), into an affluent and highly westernized Parsi family with roots in Gujarat, India. Her father, Dorabji Muncherji, was a well placed shipping officer,[3] and her mother, Pirojbai Arsiwala Mehta, a home-maker. After initial schooling in Colombo, Avabai moved to England in 1928 (aged 15) and completed her schooling at Brondesbury and Kilburn High School, London.[3] Choosing a career in law, she joined the Inns of Court in 1932 and enrolled as a lawyer in 1934, becoming the first Sri Lankan woman to succeed in the bar examinations[3] which she passed with honours.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} She practiced at the High Court of Justice, London for one year (1936–37). As a law student, she had been a part of the British Commonwealth League and the International Alliance of Women, and had participated in several rallies and picketing events. She had also met and mingled with various leaders of the Indian freedom movement, including Mahatma Gandhi, Muhammed Ali Jinnah, and Jawaharlal Nehru, when they visited England.[3] These associations were held against her when she applied to any law firm for a post as junior lawyer.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}} After two years in England, she decided to return home to Colombo in 1939, enrolled at the Supreme Court, and practiced law [3] from 1939 to 1941. Contraception activism{{quotebox|align = right|width=21em|Surely, this amounts to a subtle coercion of women to keep on having babies because they do not know of or cannot exercise other options, says Avabai Wadia, about the unwanted pregnancies happening to over 500 million women in the developing world.[4]}}In 1941, Avabai's father retired from his job and decided to return to his native land. The family moved from Ceylon to India in 1941 and settled in Bombay permanently. Here, Avabai met her future husband, Bomanji Khurshedji Wadia, and they got married on 26 April 1946.[3] The couple were soon estranged,{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}} but never legally divorced. Avabai did become pregnant in 1952, but suffered a miscarriage, after which the couple made no further effort to stay together.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}} In Mumbai, Avabai joined the All India Women's Conference and was a feminist and social activist with a focus on contraception.[3] Having inherited a significant fortune upon the death of her father, she founded the Family Planning Association of India (FPAI) in 1949 and became its president, a post she held for 34 years.[3] Her efforts resulted in the inclusion of "family planning" in the first five year plan, which was launched in 1951.[3] India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehrusupported Avabai {{Citation needed|date=October 2018}} and it was largely due to her personality and connect with Nehru that contraception became accepted as early as 1951.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}} The following year (1952), backed and funded by the Indian government, Avabai organised the Third International Conference on Planned Parenthood which was held in India and gave the opportunity to all the eight associations working in the field to come together. The conference was attended by renowned women's rights activists including Margaret Sanger and Elise Ottesen-Jensen. At the conference, the delegates unanimously voted for the formation of the International Planned Parenthood Federation, which took shape shortly afterwards.[3] Avabai served on numerous government committees and commissions, combined a rich social life and career, serving as president of the IPPF for two terms from 1983 to 1989.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}} It was during her tenure as president that the IPPF received the UN Population Award[6] in 1985 and the Third World Prize[7] in 1987.[3] Avabai was also appointed Justice of Peace in Bombay in 1957 and the magistrate of Juvenile Court in Bombay in 1958.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} Avabai was associated with the Family Planning Association of India since its inception in 1949 till her death, as a founder member (1949-1953), as its general secretary (1953-1963), as its president (1963-1997) and served as its president emeritus from there onward till her death.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} After serving out her second term as the president of IPPF in 1989, she continued as its patron till 2005.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} She was also a life member of the Women's Graduate Union, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan and Maharashtra Women's Council.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} She was the vice president of the All India Women's Conference for two terms (1956-1958 and 1958-1960), a member of the governing council of the Population Foundation of India and the honorary editor of the Journal of Family Welfare[8] since 1956.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} She wrote extensively on the subjects of sexual health and family planning and some of her publications are:
He memoirs was published in 2001 under the name, The Light is Ours by the International Planned Parenthood Federation.[15] Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati honoured Avabai Bomanji Wadia with the degree, Doctor of Law (honoris causa){{citation needed|date=September 2018}} and the Government of India awarded her the civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1971.[5] She died on 11 July 2005 at the age of 91, her husband preceding her in death in February 1979.[3] She bequeathed a part of her personal wealth to The Research Centre for Women's Studies[16] which manages the Dr. Avabai and Dr. Bomanji Khurshedji Wadia Archive for Women,.[17][18] A trust, Avabai Wadia Memorial Trust, has been established which is involved in family planning programmes in association with other non governmental bodies and medical institutions[19] and conducts regular endowment lectures on the subject.[20]See also{{Div col|colwidth=}}
References1. ^{{cite web | url=http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?search-author-txt=%22Wadia%2C+Avabai+B.+(Avabai+Bomanji)%2C+1913-%22 | title=OCLC Classify | publisher=OCLC Classify | date=2015 | accessdate=29 May 2015}} 2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3AWadia%2C+Avabai+B.%2C&qt=hot_author | title=Worldcat profile | publisher=Worldcat | date=2015 | accessdate=29 May 2015}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{Cite newspaper | url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/aug/11/guardianobituaries.india | title=Obituary: Avabai Wadia | publisher=The Guardian | work=Web report | date=11 August 2005 | accessdate=29 May 2015 | author=Paul Bell}} 4. ^1 {{cite news | url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1985-12-17-8502270107-story.html | title=Woman's Lifelong Cause Is Global Family Planning | newspaper=The New York Times|via=Sun-Sentinel | date=17 December 1985 | accessdate=29 May 2015}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Shri |publisher=Padma Shri |date=2015 |accessdate=11 November 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6U68ulwpb?url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archivedate=15 November 2014 |df= }} 6. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.unfpa.org/united-nations-population-award | title=UN Population Award | publisher=UNFPA | date=2015 | accessdate=30 May 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web | url=http://twas.org/opportunities/prizes-and-awards | title=The Third World Prize | publisher=TWAS | date=2015 | accessdate=30 May 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web | url=http://medind.nic.in/jah/jahm.shtml | title=Journal of Family Welfare | publisher=Med India | date=2015 | accessdate=30 May 2015}} 9. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=Kl0lcgAACAAJ | title=Population Education for the Younger Generation | publisher=Family planning association of India | author=Avabai Bomanji Wadia | year=1981 | pages=138 | oclc=108274674}} 10. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=S8gnAAAAYAAJ | title=The Role of Voluntary Organisations in Promoting Family Planning and Population Policy | publisher=Family Planning Association of India | author=Avabai Bomanji Wadia | year=1979 | pages=37 | oclc=31820781}} 11. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=Vt6rGwAACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22Avabai+Bomanji+Wadia%22 | title=Some Careers for Women | publisher=Thacker | author=Avabai Bomanji Wadia | year=1947 | pages=39 | oclc=1987653}} 12. ^{{cite book | url=http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?wi=51456073 | title=Proceedings of the First Dr. C. Chandrasekaran Memorial Lecture, October 30, 2001 on population and development : the changing scenario | author=Avabai Bomanji Wadia | year=2001 | oclc=7210728}} 13. ^{{cite book | url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/population-development-and-the-environment/oclc/8746399&referer=brief_results | title=Population development and the environment | publisher=Radio Canada International | author=Avabai Bomanji Wadia | oclc=8746399 | work=Audio book| date=2018-10-06 }} 14. ^{{cite book | url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/light-will-belong-to-us-all/oclc/716106672&referer=brief_results | title=The light will belong to us all | publisher=Third World Foundation for Social and Economic Studies | author=Avabai Bomanji Wadia | year=1988 | location=London | pages=8 | oclc=716106672}} 15. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=hhzxAAAAMAAJ | title=The Light is Ours: Memoirs & Movements | publisher=International Planned Parenthood Federation | author=Avabai Bomanji Wadia | year=2001 | pages=706 | isbn=9780860891253}} 16. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.rcwssndt.org/ | title=Research Centre for Women's Studies | publisher=Research Centre for Women's Studies | date=2015 | accessdate=30 May 2015}} 17. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.rcwssndt.org/awa.html | title=Research Centre for Women's Studies | publisher=Research Centre for Women's Studies | date=2015 | accessdate=29 May 2015}} 18. ^{{cite web | url=http://iaws.org/wp-content/themes/pdf/regional/Feminist%20Archiving,%20SNDT%20University%20Mumbai,%2013-14%20December%202012.pdf | title=IAWS | publisher=IAWS | date=2012 | accessdate=29 May 2015}} 19. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xap7ls_the-mogs-fpai-avabai-wadia-memorial_tech | title=The MOGS-FPAI Avabai Wadia Memorial Workshop Inauguration | publisher=Gautam Allahbadia | date=10 April 2009 | accessdate=30 May 2015}} 20. ^{{cite web | url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.krcamaorientalinstitute.org/aboutus.php&gws_rd=cr&ei=onVpVa74McOrU4-1gYAF | title=K. R. Cama Oriental Institute | publisher=K. R. Cama Oriental Institute | date=2015 | accessdate=30 May 2015}} Further reading
External links
39 : Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work|1913 births|2005 deaths|Parsi people|Indian women social workers|Indian barristers|Alumni of the University of London|Indian women's rights activists|Indian women judges|Sri Lankan emigrants to India|Naturalised citizens of India|Indian women philanthropists|Indian philanthropists|Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in social work|20th-century Indian educational theorists|20th-century Indian women writers|20th-century Indian non-fiction writers|20th-century Indian women scientists|20th-century Indian scientists|Indian women lawyers|20th-century Indian lawyers|20th-century Indian judges|Activists from Maharashtra|Women writers from Maharashtra|People from Mumbai|Women scientists from Maharashtra|Sri Lankan women activists|Sri Lankan activists|Sri Lankan people of Indian descent|Indian people of Sri Lankan descent|Social workers from Maharashtra|Women educators from Maharashtra|Educators from Maharashtra|Sri Lankan social workers|Sri Lankan women academics|People from Colombo|20th-century Sri Lankan writers|20th-century Sri Lankan women writers|20th-century philanthropists |
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