1. History
    Separation from Paradox Entertainment (1999-2004)  Growth as a publisher (2005-2015)  Going public (2016)   Continued development (2017-onward)  

2. Game characteristics
     Grand stategy    Other genres   Post-content model   Modding  

3. Acquisitions
     White Wolf    Triumph Studios    Hardsuit Labs    Harebrained Schemes    Prison Architect series  

4. Studios

5. Other activities
     PDXCon    Board games  

6. References

7. External links

• Ebba Ljungerud (CEO)
• Fredrik Wester (Executive Chairman of the Board)
• Susana Meza Graham (COO)}}

• Paradox Development Studio
• Triumph Studios
• White Wolf Publishing
• Harebrained Schemes}}

Paradox Interactive AB (frequently abbreviated PDX) is a Swedish video game publisher based in Stockholm. The company is best known for releasing historical strategy video games. Paradox Interactive publishes its own games, both developed by their division, Paradox Development Studio, and those of other developers.

History

Separation from Paradox Entertainment (1999-2004)

Paradox Interactive's origins started with Target Games, a Sweden-based board game company. Target had been produced board and tabletop role-playing games in the 1980s and 1990s, as well as ventured into video games. By the late 1990s, were struggling financially, and Target ultimately folded into bankruptcy by 1999. The video game division was spun off into a separate entity, Paradox Entertainment, which published video game adaptions of Target's games.^[2] Between 2000 and 2003, Paradox Entertainment released the first titles of several grand strategy games, including Europa Universalis, Hearts of Iron, An Empire Under the Sun and Crusader Kings. The company also had several mediocre releases, including Armored Warfare, an attempt by the studio to make a massively multiplayer online game on a triple-A scale, but which was released with numerous problems and was critically panned, costing several jobs by the developer.^[5]

By around 2003, Paradox Entertainment also began buying the intellectual property rights to various franchises like Conan the Barbarian from Robert E. Howard and Solomon Kane. Fredrik Wester, former CEO of Paradox Interactive, stated that around 2003, he had been brought aboard Paradox Entertainment to help write their business plan, which included the drive to transform their video game division into a triple-A studio. Wester cautioned them about this, pointing back to the failure of Gettysburg. The Paradox Entertainment executives did not take this advice well, and decided it would be better to shutter the video games division and focus exclusively on licensing their acquired brands.^[5] Instead, Wester, along with the Paradox Entertainment CEO Theodore Bergquist, bought out the video games division retaining the Sweden Paradox Development Studio and all seven of its developers including Johan Andersson, and gained all intellectual property rights to its past games, forming Paradox Interactive in 2004.^[5][2]

Growth as a publisher (2005-2015)

One of the first titles that was planned by Paradox Interactive was Crusader Kings, another grand strategy title. Their publisher, Strategy First, filed for bankruptcy about two months into its release, costing Paradox revenues from those sales as well as the lack of a North American distributor. After the launch of the digital storefront Steam around 2005, Wester experimented with digital marketplaces by offering downloadable content for Victoria via their website. The experiment proved successful, and subsequently in 2006 the company launched Paradox On Demand, a digital storefront with several of Paradox's back-catalog for sale.^[5] This eventually was renamed as GamersGate later in 2006. To help support it, Paradox looked to sign on games from developers as to bolster the company's reputation as a world-class video game publisher. Wester stated in 2013 that many of these games were "terribly bad", but that some proved to be strong performers, such as Mount & Blade.^[5] GamersGate eventually was spun off to be its own entity in 2008, while Paradox continued to acquire additional titles to fill its distributor catalog which helped to finance continued development of grand strategy titles from the Paradox Development Studio. By 2013, the company had reached 100 employees, and established new offices in Stockholm, Sweden.^[3]

Paradox Interactive continued to publish numerous games from smaller developers over the next several years, finding success in games like Magicka from Arrowhead Game Studios (the publisher's first title to break 1 million copies sold) and War of the Roses from Fatshark. Wester and others in Paradox admitted in 2013 that this approach had been ambitious and led to issues with quality control in the resulting games, leading to a general impression about Paradox games being buggy.^[2] The publisher also had greenlit and invested in several titles by its internal studios without careful review that failed to pan out, such as East vs. West, a spinoff of the Hearts of Iron series, By 2014, the company had made a decision to become much more selective of which titles to publish, making sure they were able to provide the necessary quality control support each title needed before agreeing to publish.^[13] Crusader Kings II in 2012 was one of the first games developed and published by Paradox with more attention focused on development timelines and testing to avoid past mistakes, and Paradox has since followed a similar model on its future titles.^[4]

One of Paradox Interactive's more notable publishing deals was their agreement with Colossal Order in 2011 to publish their Cities in Motion transportation simulation game, and later its sequel Cities in Motion 2.^[5] Colossal Order ultimately wanted to produce a city simulation game to challenge Electronic Arts SimCity series, but Paradox had expressed concern about the competition. However, the release of the 2013 SimCity game was poorly received due to several difficulties with online services required to play the game. Paradox greenlit Colossal Order for its city simulation game, Skylines,^[6][7] which was released in 2015 and has sold over 5 million copies by 2018.^[8]

Another notable collaboration for Paradox was with Obsidian Entertainment. Obsidian, having struggled financially, crowd-sourced the development of a new game, Pillars of Eternity, and entered into a publishing deal for it through Paradox.^[9] Obsidian published their next title, Tyranny through Paradox.

Paradox also opened its second internal development studio, Paradox Arctic, located in Umeå, Sweden, formed from former members of EA DICE and Starbreeze Studios, in 2014.^[10]

Going public (2016)

In March 2016, CEO Fredrik Wester stated in an interview with Di Digital that Paradox Interactive has launched the IPO process. The company will complete the process within the year with the intention of spreading ownership between employees and players of their games and "looking for long-term owners who want to take part in the Paradox journey".^[11]

On 31 May 2016, trading in Paradox Interactive commenced on Nasdaq First North under the symbol PDX.^[12] The initial price offering was {{SEK|33 per share}} ({{USD|3.96}})^[13] valuing the company at {{SEK|3,485 million}} ({{USD|420 million}}). Paradox set aside about 5% of the shares to allocate to Tencent, valued at about {{SEK|174.24 million}} ({{USD|21 million}}).^[14] Wester continued to hold 33.3% of the shares of the company, while investment firm Spiltan held to 30.5% of the shares.^[14] Finances created by the offering allowed Paradox to begin several acquisitions of various studios and intellectual properties.^[14]

Continued development (2017-onward)

Paradox announced the opening of its third internal studio, Paradox Malmö located in Malmö, Sweden, in May 2017. The studio was established to develop mobile games based on Paradox's properties.^[15]

Wester announced in February 2018 that he plans on stepping down as CEO by August 2018, but will remain as the executive chairman of the board, while current board member Ebba Ljungerud will take his place. The move is aimed to give Wester more ability to look for growth opportunities while Ljungerud handles the day-to-day operations of the company, which had since grown to about 300 employees since its foundation.^[16][17]

The company's financial performance for 2017 saw a 24% year-on-year increase in revenues to {{SEK|813.8 million}}, and a 10% year-on-year increase in profits to {{SEK|339.8 million}}.^[18]

Paradox announced the opening of Paradox Tectonic, located in Berkeley, California, in March 2019, with Rod Humble serving as studio lead.^[19]

Game characteristics

Grand stategy

Paradox Interactive has generally focused on publishing grand strategy games made by its subsidiary, Paradox Development Studio. Grand strategy games are played on a real-world map, marked by the use of standard real-time elements but with an ability to make any and all changes even while paused. Almost all Paradox games have historical settings and demonstrate a reasonable commitment to historical accuracy.{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}} The focus of each game is different, but generally a player must manage the economy, commerce, internal politics, diplomacy, technological development, and military forces of a nation. Paradox Interactive games are also characteristically complex, with highly detailed gameplay models and consequently steep learning curves. {{citation needed|date=March 2015}} Over time, in an appeal to sell games to a wider market, they have sold games which attempt to preserve the historical accuracy of previous games while attempting to make the games less complex.{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}} The games are usually sandbox-style game with no set victory condition.

Examples of these grand strategy games in Paradox' catalog include Europa Universalis series and the Hearts of Iron series.

Other genres

Along with grand strategy games, Paradox's catalog also has come to include simulation and management games, such as the Cities in Motion series and Skylines, and computer role-playing games such as Pillars of Eternity. The publisher has ventured into other genres in the period between 2011 and 2014, but have since shifted focus back to these three core areas; according to Shams Jorjani, the vice president of business development, "We had this vision of people buying a Paradox game without knowing what the game was; that 'Paradox' should be a guarantee for a type of game experience".^[13] The period from 2011 to 2014 was marked by the publication of the first Magicka game in 2011, itself having been greenlit for publishing after seeing the success of the Mount & Blade series in 2008, which did not quite fit their grand strategy profile. Magicka had been successful, so between 2013 and 2014, the publisher greenlit a number of different titles from across a number of genres, which, on retrospective, the publisher found that they could not properly manage or promote well, leading them to limit themselves to three core genres.^[20]

Post-content model

Paradox is known to support games following their release with a long tail of updates to their games often several years after release. Some of these are free updates or DLCs, many add large game changing elements to the game and the way it is played. Paradox board member Ebba Ljungerud justified this part of their business model by stating "We want to make really great games for our fans, and we can't do that if we don't charge something for the development".^[20] But many fans dislike this model{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} as it requires them to pay for game changing content as well as buying the base game. This leads to several games having large amounts of DLC, which leads to large costs in order to obtain the new features.

Modding

Paradox tries to make games that are open and easy to edit (moddable), from tweaking a saved game to creating an entirely new scenario. Modding can be accomplished with simple tools and basic knowledge of scripting. To assist modders to figure out how to edit the game on their own, the Paradox forums provide fan-compiled libraries of "how to" advice. Due to this, each game has a very large number of mods, ranging from minor additions to complete system overhauls. {{citation needed|date=March 2015}} Paradox worked with Microsoft to develop Paradox Mods, an open modding platform that allows the same user-created mods to work both on Microsoft Windows and Xbox One system, with initial testing being done through Surviving Mars starting in February 2019.^[21]

Acquisitions

White Wolf

Paradox Interactive purchased White Wolf Publishing's assets, including World of Darkness and The Masquerade, from CCP Games in October 2015.^[22] White Wolf became a self-operating subsidiary of Paradox Interactive with its own management and goals.^[23]

In January 2017, White Wolf announced its partnership with video game publisher Focus Home Interactive for the video game adaptation of The Apocalypse, a tabletop role-playing game set in the World of Darkness. The game will be developed by the game development studio Cyanide and released on PC and consoles. ^[24][25]

Triumph Studios

Paradox Interactive acquired the Dutch game development studio Triumph Studios, the creator of the Age of Wonders and Overlord series, in June 2017. The acquisition was considered to be a good fit by both commentators and the involved companies, based on similarities in product genres and corporate culture.^[26][27]

Hardsuit Labs

Paradox acquired a 33% minority stake in developer Hardsuit Labs, the creators of Retribution, at a cost of {{USD|2 million}} in January 2018.^[28]

Harebrained Schemes

On 5 June 2018, Paradox Interactive announced its acquisition of Harebrained Schemes, the maker of Shadowrun Returns and the Paradox-published game BattleTech for a fixed price of US$7,500,000 and 25% of the earnings of Harebrained Schemes excluding publishing cost in the next 5 years, provided that amount exceed the fixed purchasing price.^[29]

Prison Architect series

In January 2019, Paradox acquired the intellectual property rights to the Prison Architect series from developer Introversion Software, with plans to continue to expand more games in the same theme. Introversion had stated they had taken the series as far as they could and believed that Paradox' purchase would ultimately help the series in the future.^[30]

Studios

Paradox currently operates six internal studios:^[19]

• Paradox Development Studio, Stockholm, Sweden (founded in 1995)
• Paradox Arctic, Umeå, Sweden (established in 2014)
• Paradox Malmö, Malmö, Sweden (established in 2017)
• Paradox Tectonic, Berkeley, California (established in 2019)
• Triumph Studios, Delft, the Netherlands (acquired in 2017)
• Harebrained Schemes, Seattle, Washington (acquired in 2018)

Other activities

PDXCon

Prior to 2016, Paradox Interactive had invited members of the gaming industry press to Stockholm to preview upcoming titles at an annual press day. Starting in 2017, Paradox transformed this to an weekend event opened to the public called PDXCon. PDXCon 2017 was held in May at the Gamla Riksarkivet in Stockholm, and included four hundred gamers alongside the press at the event.^[31] For the 2018 PDXCon in May, Paradox expanded the public attendance to 800 gamers.^[32] The 2019 PDXCon is scheduled to be held in Berlin in October 2019, giving them access to a larger space and more ready access for gamers to attend.^[33]

Board games

At the 2018 PDXCon, Paradox announced it was working with board game designs and publishers to produced a number of board games based on their video game properties, including Europa Universalis, Crusader Kings, Hearts of Iron, and Cities: Skylines.^[34]

References

External links

• Official website
• Official Paradox wiki

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