| 词条 | Parker Hannifin |
| 释义 |
| name = Parker Hannifin Corporation | logo = | image = Parker Hannifin's Global Headquarters.jpg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = Parker Hannifin's Headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio | former type = | type = Public | traded_as = {{NYSE|PH}} S&P 500 Component | industry = Motion and control technologies | fate = | predecessor = | successor = | foundation = 1917, Cleveland, Ohio, USA | founder = Arthur L. Parker | location_city = Mayfield Heights, Ohio | location_country = United States | locations = | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = Thomas L. Williams (present CEO and Chairman)[1], Lee C. Banks (President & COO), []] ( Current Chairman) | products = | production = | services = | revenue = {{increase}} US$14.3 billion (2018)[2] | operating_income = {{decrease}} US$1.47 billion (2018)[2] | net_income = {{increase}} US$1.21 billion (2018)[2] | assets = {{increase}} US$15.32 billion (2018)[2] | equity = {{increase}} US$7.45 billion (2018)[2] | owner = | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = {{URL|http://www.parker.com}} | footnotes = | intl = }} Parker Hannifin Corporation, originally Parker Appliance Company, usually referred to as just Parker, is an American corporation specializing in motion and control technologies. Its corporate headquarters are in Mayfield Heights, Ohio, in Greater Cleveland (with a Cleveland mailing address).[3][4] The company was founded in 1917 and has been publicly traded on the NYSE since December 9, 1964. The firm is one of the largest companies in the world in motion control technologies, including aerospace, climate control, electromechanical, filtration, fluid and gas handling, hydraulics, pneumatics, process control, and sealing and shielding. Parker employs about 58,000 people globally. In 2016, the company was ranked 230 in the Fortune 500.[5] History1917-1950Arthur L. Parker founded the firm as the Parker Appliance Company in Ohio around 1917 or 1918.[10][6] In its early years, it built pneumatic brake systems for buses, trucks and trains.[7] In 1919, Parker's truck slid over a cliff, causing the company to lose its entire inventory and forcing the founder to return to his previous job. Nonetheless, he restarted Parker Appliance Company in 1924.[8]By 1927, the firm had expanded into airplanes. For his flight across the Atlantic Ocean, Charles Lindbergh requested Parker parts be used in the construction of his aircraft the Spirit of St. Louis.[6] The firm contributed the system that linked the aircraft's 16 fuel tanks.[9] During World War II, Parker experienced a boom in business as the U.S. Air Force's primary supplier of valves and fluid connectors.[6] By 1943, the firm employed 5,000 Cleveland, Ohio, residents. After Arthur Parker's death in 1945[10] and the end of the war, the company neared bankruptcy due to the sudden drop in demand. Arthur Parker's wife, Helen Parker, assumed control of the company and prevented its liquidation.[11] She hired new management staff and directed the company's focus back to civilian manufacturing.[10] 1950s-1960sIn the early 1950s, the firm's executives set a goal to make Parker, as The New York Times put it, "the General Electric of fluid power", a goal it generally achieved in the coming decades.[11] In 1957, the company purchased Hannifin, a producer of valve and cylinder products, and changed its name to Parker Hannifin.[10] Many more acquisitions followed, with the company reaching 40 acquisitions by the year 1979.[11] In 1953, Arthur Parker's son Patrick S. Parker began working full-time at the company.[12] He rose to become its president in 1968, and served as CEO from 1971 to 1983 and as chairman from 1977 to 1999. During and after his tenure, the firm grew dramatically, with revenues rising from $197 million in 1968 to over $7 billion in 2005.[13] The company debuted on the New York Stock Exchange in 1964, under the ticker symbol PH.[14] In 1966, the company joined the Fortune 500.[8] The company designed parts for the craft used in NASA's first manned moon landing in 1969.[6] 1970s-1990sAn economic downturn in 1970 forced the company to expand beyond its focus on hydraulic systems. In the following years it began to expand into the automotive aftermarket, considered a more stable industry. The company also directed itself toward growth in aerospace, acquiring companies that created flight controls and wheel brake equipment for airplanes. By 1979, Parker Hannifin employed 20,000 people in 100 plants, selling 90,000 items for machinery, airplanes, cars and construction equipment to 60,000 customers.[11] The company made some of the equipment inside the mechanical shark in the 1975 movie Jaws.[6] In 1982, Paul G. Schloemer replaced Patrick Parker as the company's president (although Patrick Parker remained chairman and CEO).[12] That same year, the firm entered the Mexican market. By 2008, Parker Hannifin Mexico would come to operate 11 plants in the country, seven of which made parts exclusively for the U.S. market. In 1988, the company reached $2 billion in sales.[10] The firm opened its first retail "ParkerStore" in Cleveland in 1993. Within 10 years, the network of stores expanded to 200 locations in the U.S. and more than 400 worldwide. ParkerStores offer a variety of Parker products, including hydraulics, automation, and hose and fitting components, at locations close to industrial product buyers.[15] Parker Hannifin systems helped control the massive replica of the Titanic in the 1997 film of the same name.[8] In 1997, the firm moved its headquarters from Cleveland to a new building in Mayfield Heights, a suburb of Cleveland.[16][17] In 1999, the company's sales reached approximately $5 billion.[18] 2000s-presentParker Hannifin acquired Commercial Intertech Corporation, a maker of hydraulic systems, in 2000.[19] With a cost of $366 million, this was at the time Parker Hannifin's biggest acquisition.[18] In 2001, CEO Don Washkewicz introduced lean startup methods to company operations and has said that over the decade this reduced the time to obtain price quotes by 60% and cut product development lead times by 25%.[20][21] In 2002 the company appointed Craig Maxwell as head of engineering; Maxwell brought a focus on innovation as well as rigor; he argued for and was given a $20M annual budget to fund blue sky inventions made by engineers and has given engineers time to pursue them; at the same time his team developed software that allows tracking each of the company's 1700 ongoing R&D projects graded by risk and potential reward, and closely managing their progress. In 2011 he hired Ryan Farris out of Vanderbilt University and licensed patents covering a powered exoskeleton that Farris had worked on at Vanderbilt. In 2015 the company opened an internal business incubator that Maxwell had proposed when he was first hired.[6] The company won $2 billion in contracts to build fuel and hydraulic systems for Airbus A350 airliners in 2008[22] Two years later, its products were used in repairing the Deepwater Horizon oil rig.[7] Thomas Williams took over the CEO role from Washkewicz in 2015.[23] In 2016, the completed its largest acquisition to date, buying Clarcor, a filtration systems manufacturer, for $4.3 billion.[24][25] AerospaceParker Hannifin's aerospace division, Parker Aerospace, designs and manufactures aerospace hydraulic equipment. It is a provider of aircraft parts to aircraft manufacturers, including fuel system components and high-temperature bleed air valves.[26] Based in Irvine, California,[27] Parker Aerospace also operates facilities in Arizona and Mexico.[26]The company has had contracts to contribute parts and maintenance for machinery produced by Airbus,[28] Rolls-Royce, Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China as well as other manufacturers.[29] In 1993, the Federal Aviation Administration contracted Parker Aerospace to develop a new monitoring device, the Multi-Sensor Enroute Flight Inspection System, for flight inspection aircraft.[30] Notable acquisitions by the division include the Kalamazoo, Michigan-based Abex/NWL division of Pneumo Abex in 1996,[27][31] and Naples, Florida-based Shaw Aero Devices, in 2007.[26] In 2012, the company partnered with General Electric to form a 50-50 joint venture, Advanced Atomization Technologies, for producing fuel nozzles for commercial aircraft engines.[32] Boeing 737 accidents and incidents{{main|Boeing 737 rudder issues}}In 1995, it was discovered that failures in a servo unit supplied by Parker Hannifin to Boeing for use in their 737 aircraft may have contributed to several accidents and incidents, including the crashes of United Airlines Flight 585 and USAir Flight 427.[33][34] In 2004, a Los Angeles jury ordered Parker Hannifin to pay US$43 million to the plaintiff families of the 1997 SilkAir Flight 185 crash in Indonesia. Parker Hannifin subsequently appealed the verdict, which resulted in an out-of-court settlement for an undisclosed amount. The Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) could not determine the cause of the crash due to the near total lack of physical evidence because of the complete destruction;[35] The US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), however disagreed, and concluded that the crash was caused, possibly intentionally, by the pilot.[36][37] The FAA ordered an upgrade of all Boeing 737 rudder control systems by November 12, 2002. The firm argued that the components they supplied were not at fault, citing that the product has one of the safest records in its class, but the FAA directive went through regardless.[38] F-35 fueldraulic line failureOn 18 January 2013, the F-35B variant of the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II was grounded after the failure of a fueldraulic line in the aircraft's propulsion system that controls the exhaust vectoring system. This followed an incident two days earlier on 16 January, in which the propulsion system experienced a fueldraulic failure prior to a conventional takeoff. The precautionary flight suspension was intended to preserve safety while providing time to understand the origin of the failure of the propulsion fueldraulic line.[39] The failure was found to be a manufacturing defect by Parker Hannifin's Stratoflex division.[40][41] References1. ^{{cite web|title=Leadership|url=http://www.parker.com/portal/site/PARKER/menuitem.c7aa7c198ba66c9a5829dd92427ad1ca/?vgnextoid=8694fbdc71fd7310VgnVCM100000200c1dacRCRD|website=Parker Hannifin|accessdate=24 July 2017}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File?item=UGFyZW50SUQ9NTU1NDM4fENoaWxkSUQ9MjUyMjA5fFR5cGU9MQ==&t=1 |title=Parker Hannifin 2018 Annual Report |publisher=Parker Hannifin}} 3. ^"CERTIFICATE OF PROPERTY INSURANCE". Parker Hannifin. March 28, 2012. Retrieved on December 25, 2012. "Parker Hannifin Corporation 6035 Parkland Blvd Cleveland OH 44124-4141 USA". 4. ^"2010 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Mayfield Heights city, OH" ({{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/6DBTD4Tdj?url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/GUBlock/st39_oh/place/p3948482_mayfield_heights/DC10BLK_P3948482_001.pdf |date=2012-12-25 }}) U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on December 25, 2012. 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/|title=Fortune 500|website=Fortune|language=en-US|access-date=2016-03-22}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=Dan|title=Innovation Factory: How Parker Hannifin Pumps Out Breakthrough Products|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danalexander/2015/04/15/innovation-factory-how-parker-hannifin-pumps-out-breakthrough-products/print/|accessdate=21 June 2017|work=Forbes|date=15 April 2015}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Zerega|first1=Blaise|title=Meet Parker Hannifin, a 100 year-old company working on AR|url=https://venturebeat.com/2017/04/10/meet-parker-hannifin-a-100-year-old-company-working-on-ar/|accessdate=21 June 2017|work=VentureBeat|date=10 April 2017}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite book|editor-last=Slaton|editor-first=Hunter|title=Vault Guide to the Top Manufacturing Employers|date=2006|publisher=Vault Inc.|location=New York, NY|isbn=1-58131-405-1|pages=337-338|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8UisOJ-gnrMC&pg=PA337&dq=Arthur+Parker+Parker+Appliance&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-tqvi4c3UAhWk34MKHTP-ABgQ6AEIMDAC#v=onepage&q=Arthur%20Parker%20Parker%20Appliance&f=false|accessdate=21 June 2017}} 9. ^{{cite news|last1=Klebnikov|first1=Paul|title=Lindbergh's lifeline|url=https://www.forbes.com/forbes/1997/0908/6005168a.html|accessdate=21 June 2017|work=Forbes|date=8 September 1997}} 10. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last1=Krupa|first1=Peter|title=Motion Control|url=http://industrytoday.com/article/motion-control-2/|accessdate=27 June 2017|work=Industry Today|date=2008}} 11. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last1=Salpukas|first1=Agis|title=Parker-Hannifin Buys Growth|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/12/28/archives/parkerhannifin-buys-growth-40-acquisitions-swell-volume.html|accessdate=27 June 2017|work=The New York Times|date=28 December 1979}} 12. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Sloane|first1=Leonard|title=Parker-Hannifin Names Successor to a Parker|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/26/business/business-people-parker-hannifin-names-successor-to-a-parker.html?mcubz=0|accessdate=27 June 2017|work=The New York Times|date=26 April 1982}} 13. ^{{cite news|last1=Glenn|first1=Brandon|title=Parker namesake passes away|url=http://www.crainscleveland.com/article/20050707/FREE/50706001/parker-namesake-passes-away|accessdate=27 June 2017|work=Crain's Cleveland Business|date=7 July 2005}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Parker Hannifin Corp|url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/p/parker-hannifin-corp/|website=Encyclopedia of Cleveland History|publisher=Case Western Reserve University|accessdate=27 June 2017}} 15. ^{{cite news|last1=Staff|title=Parker Hannifin opens 200th ParkerStore in U.S.|url=http://www.csemag.com/home/single-article/parker-hannifin-opens-200th-parkerstore-in-us/2ad0597a0162ef15e636e1733630153c.html|accessdate=27 June 2017|work=Control Engineering Daily|date=30 September 2003}} 16. ^{{cite news|last1=Bullard|first1=Stan|title=Former Parker Hannifin home will be transformed|url=http://www.crainscleveland.com/article/20150823/NEWS/308239993/former-parker-hannifin-home-will-be-transformed|accessdate=27 June 2017|work=Crain's Cleveland Business|date=23 August 2015}} 17. ^{{cite news|last1=Gerfen|first1=Katie|title=Parker Hannifin European Headquarters|url=http://www.architectmagazine.com/design/buildings/parker-hannifin-european-headquarters_o|accessdate=27 June 2017|work=Architect Magazine|date=7 July 2011}} 18. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Davis|first1=Patricia|title=Parker Hannifin Agrees to Acquire Commercial Intertech for $366 Million|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB948116512439641757|accessdate=27 June 2017|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=18 January 2000}} 19. ^{{cite news|last1=The Associated Press|title=Parker Hannifin to Acquire Commercial Intertech|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/18/business/company-news-parker-hannifin-to-buy-commercial-intertech.html?mcubz=0|accessdate=27 June 2017|work=The New York Times|date=18 January 2000}} 20. ^{{cite news|last1=Selko|first1=Adrienne|title=Parker Hannifin Aims to WIN with Lean|url=http://www.industryweek.com/companies-amp-executives/parker-hannifin-aims-win-lean|accessdate=27 June 2017|work=IndustryWeek|date=21 April 2010}} 21. ^{{cite news|last1=Zacks Equity Research|title=Parker-Hannifin: Acquisitions, Win Strategy to Drive Growth|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/article/parker-hannifin-acquisitions-win-strategy-to-drive-growth-cm759933|accessdate=27 June 2017|work=Nasdaq|date=13 March 2017}} 22. ^{{cite news|last1=Roguski|first1=Randy|title=Parker wins $2 billion in contracts for Airbus A350|url=http://blog.cleveland.com/business/2008/01/parker_wins_2_billion_in_contr.html|accessdate=27 June 2017|work=Cleveland.com|publisher=Advance Ohio|date=17 January 2008}} 23. ^{{cite news|last1=Tita|first1=Bob|title=Parker Hannifin CEO Don Washkewicz Stepping Down|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/parker-hannifin-ceo-don-washkewicz-stepping-down-1421876428|accessdate=27 June 2017|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=21 January 2015}} 24. ^{{cite news|last1=Banerjee|first1=Arunima|title=Parker-Hannifin to buy Clarcor to double filtration systems business|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-clarcor-m-a-parker-hannifin-idUSKBN13Q4EB|accessdate=27 June 2017|work=Reuters|date=1 December 2016}} 25. ^{{cite news|last1=Lachapelle|first1=Tara|title=Parker-Hannifin Is Hot in Cleveland|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/gadfly/articles/2016-12-01/parker-hannifin-deal-for-clarcor-looks-smart|accessdate=27 June 2017|work=Bloomberg|date=1 December 2016}} 26. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Naples-based Shaw Aero Devices acquired by Cleveland-based Parker Hannifin|url=http://archive.naplesnews.com/business/naples-based-shaw-aero-devices-acquired-by-cleveland-based-parker-hannifin-ep-403242170-330642751.html/|accessdate=4 July 2017|work=Naples Daily News|date=2 November 2007}} 27. ^1 {{cite news|title=Parker Hannifin to Add to Irvine Aerospace Unit|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1996-01-21/business/fi-26999_1_parker-hannifin|accessdate=4 July 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=21 January 1996}} 28. ^{{cite news|last1=Roguski|first1=Randy|title=Parker wins $2 billion in contracts for Airbus A350|url=http://blog.cleveland.com/business/2008/01/parker_wins_2_billion_in_contr.html|accessdate=24 July 2017|work=Cleveland.com|publisher=Advance Ohio|date=17 January 2008}} 29. ^{{cite news|last1=Zacks Equity Research|title=Parker-Hannifin Aerospace Unit to Develop Phyre's Technology|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/article/parker-hannifin-aerospace-unit-to-develop-phyres-technology-cm647929|accessdate=24 July 2017|work=Nasdaq|date=12 July 2016}} 30. ^{{cite news|title=Parker Bertea Gets $5-Million Contract|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1993-10-16/business/fi-46428_1_parker-bertea|accessdate=4 July 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=16 October 1993}} 31. ^{{cite news|title=Company News; Parker Hannifin to Buy Pneumo Abex Aerospace Unit|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/16/business/company-news-parker-hannifin-to-buy-pneumo-abex-aerospace-unit.html|accessdate=4 July 2017|work=Reuters|publisher=The New York Times|date=16 January 1996}} 32. ^{{cite news|last1=Newberry|first1=Jon|title=GE and Parker Hannifin team up on jet engine nozzles|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/news/2012/11/13/ge-and-parker-hannifin-team-up-on-jet.html|accessdate=4 July 2017|work=Cincinnati Business Courier|date=13 November 2012}} 33. ^{{cite web|author=Robert J. Boser|url=http://www.airlinesafety.com/faq/B-737Rudder.htm|title=What is the status of the solution to the B-737 rudder design defect?|publisher=airlinesafety.com|accessdate=2008-11-18}} 34. ^{{cite web|title=Pittsburgh disaster adds to 737 doubts |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/news/local/737/part03/|publisher=Seattle Times|year=1996|accessdate=2008-11-17}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1576_2009-09-30.html|title=Crash of SilkAir Flight MI 185|author=Valerie Chew|date=September 30, 2009|publisher=National Library Board|accessdate=May 26, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215081404/http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1576_2009-09-30.html|archivedate=December 15, 2011|df=}} 36. ^{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3ZIE2YIV_Y&NR=1| title = SilkAir 185 – Pilot Suicide?| medium = Documentary| publisher = National Geographic|year= 2007}} 37. ^{{Cite journal|url=http://www.annals.edu.sg/pdf/36VolNo10Oct2007/V36N10p861.pdf| title = Remembering the Musi – SilkAir Flight MI 185 Crash Victim Identification| journal = Annals Academy of Medicine| volume = 36| issue = 10 | pages = 866| year = 2007}} 38. ^{{cite web|title=Airworthiness Directives; Boeing Model 737 Series Airplanes|url=http://www1.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgAD.nsf/0/2a37f5faba444a8086256c4b005a2884/$FILE/022007.pdf|publisher=FAA|accessdate=2008-11-17}} 39. ^F-35B grounded after fueldraulic line failure – Flightglobal.com, January 18, 2013. 40. ^"Engineers discover culprit behind F-35B fueldraulic line failure." 41. ^"Stratoflex - Parker." External links{{Portal|Cleveland|Companies|Aviation}}
| name = Parker Hannifin | symbol = PH | sec_cik = PH | yahoo = PH | google = PH }} 6 : Companies based in Cleveland|Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange|Conglomerate companies of the United States|Cuyahoga County, Ohio|Manufacturing companies based in Cleveland|Manufacturing companies established in 1917 |
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