“Bangdiwala's B”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Bangdiwala's B statistic was created by Dr. Shrikant Bangdiwala in 1985 and is a measure of inter-rater agreement.^[1]^[2] While not as commonly used as the kappa statistic the B test has been used by various workers.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] While it is principally used as a graphical aid to inter observer agreement, its asymptotic distribution is known.

Definition

The test is applicable to testing the agreement between two observers. It is defined to be

where n_ii are the values on the main diagonal.{{Clarify|reason=notation v.poorly explained|date=February 2012}} B varies in value between 0 (no agreement) and +1 (perfect agreement).

In large samples B has a normal distribution whose variance has a complicated expression.^[7] For small samples a permutation test is indicated.^[7]

Guidance on its use and its extension to n x n tables have been provided by Munoz & Bangdiwala.^[8] It may be more useful than the more commonly used Cohen's kappa in some circumstances.^[9]

Tutorials and examples

The statistical programming language R has a set of functions that will compute the B test,^[12] and a tutorial on the use of a test using these R functions is available.^[13]

See also

References

1. ^Bangwidala S (1985) A graphical test for observer agreement. Proc 45th Int Stats Institute Meeting, Amsterdam, 1, 307–308
2. ^Bangdiwala K (1987) Using SAS software graphical procedures for the observer agreement chart. Proc SAS User's Group International Conference, 12, 1083-1088
3. ^Grill E, Mansmann U, Cieza A, Stucki G (2007) Assessing observer agreement when describing and classifying functioning with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. J Rehabil Med 39(1):71-76
4. ^Ossa XM, Munoz S, Amigo H, Bangdiwala SI (2010) Secular trend in age at menarche in indigenous and nonindigenous women in Chile. Am J Hum Biol 22(5):688-694
5. ^Jenkins V, Solis-Trapala I, Langridge C, Catt S, Talbot DC, Fallowfield LJ (2011) What oncologists believe they said and what patients believe they heard: an analysis of phase I trial discussions. J Clin Oncol 29(1):61-68 {{doi|10.1200/JCO.2010.30.0814}}
6. ^Bangdiwala SI, Haedo, AS, Natal, ML, Villaveces A (2008) The Agreement Chart as an Alternative to the Receiver-Operating Characteristic Curve for Diagnostic Tests. J Clin Epidemiol 61, 866–874
7. ^¹Bangdiwala, Shrikant I. (1988) "The Agreement Chart". Department of Biostatistics,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Statistics Mimeo Series No. 1859 (Appendix)
8. ^Munoz SR & Bangdiwala SI (1997) Interpretation of Kappa and B statistics measures of agreement. J Applied Stats 24 (1) 105-112 {{DOI|10.1080/02664769723918}}
9. ^Shankara V & Bangdiwala SI (2008) "Behavior of agreement measures in the presence of zero cells and biased marginal distributions". Journal of Applied Statistics, 35 (4), 445-464 {{DOI|10.1080/02664760701835052}}
10. ^Friendly, M (1995) "Bangdiwala's Observer Agreement Chart" Webpage: Categorical Data Analysis with Graphics (Part 3: Plots for two-way frequency tables) http://www.datavis.ca/courses/grcat/grc3.html#H2_62:Bangdiwala's
11. ^Stokes, M. (2011) "Up To Speed With Categorical Data Analysis". SAS Global Forum 2011, Paper 346-2011
12. ^"Documentation for package ‘vcd’ version 1.2-13", R package: Visualizing Categorical Data
13. ^Friendly, M. [https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vcdExtra/vignettes/vcd-tutorial.pdf "Working with categorical data with R and the vcd and vcdExtra packages"], CRAN R project website.