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词条 Barack Obama Presidential Center
释义

  1. Board and staff

  2. Site selection

  3. Planning and design

     Local reaction   Design 

  4. Construction and fundraising

     Obama presidential documents and artifacts 

  5. See also

  6. Notes

  7. References

  8. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2018}}{{Infobox building
| name = Barack Obama Presidential Center
| logo =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption = Logo of the Obama Foundation, the non-profit organization that is overseeing the construction of the Barack Obama Presidential Center
| image =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| map_type =
| map_size = 220
| map_caption =
| location = Jackson Park, Chicago, Illinois
| coordinates = {{Coord|41|46|57|N|87|35|08|W|type:landmark_region:US-IL|display=inline,title}}
| inauguration_date =
| namesake = Barack Obama
| construction_start_date = TBD
| completion_date = TBD
| cost = $500 million (estimated)
| size =
| management = David Simas, CEO[1]
| architect = Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects, and Interactive Design Architects:
Landscape architect: Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates, Site Design Group, and Living Habitats
| website = {{URL|https://www.obama.org/the-center/}}
}}{{Barack Obama sidebar}}

The Barack Obama Presidential Center is the planned presidential center of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States.[2] It will be located in Jackson Park on the South Side of Chicago, near the University of Chicago campus.[3] The university provides planning, support, engagement and programming.[4] Included within the center's plans is a new branch for the Chicago Public Library.[5] The nonprofit Obama Foundation will oversee the center's creation and its campus' construction, and partner with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) to digitize the presidency records.[6][7] In August 2018, the Chicago Park District began related construction which it suspended in September. The District stated that construction will not restart before a dialogue with federal agencies confirms that work is appropriate.[8]

Board and staff

The Obama Foundation board includes Chairman Marty Nesbitt, a close friend from Chicago; J. Kevin Poorman, president and CEO of PSP Capital Partners; David Plouffe; Obama's half-sister Maya Soetoro-Ng; venture capital financier, John Doerr; Studio Museum in Harlem Director and Chief Curator, Thelma Golden;[9] fundraiser and former White House staffer, Juliana Smoot; investment managers John Rogers, and Michael Sacks, and former Governor of Massachusetts, Deval Patrick.[10][11] Barack Obama has a home in Hyde Park.[12][13]{{efn|"I spent almost 30 years in Chicago. It's where Michelle, where she grew up, where our daughters were born," he said. "Hawaii is home to me," the president said, but he considered Chicago his real home.[13]}}

The foundation was formally established in January 2014.[14]

Louise Bernard, outgoing Director of Exhibitions at NYPL, was named director of the Museum of the Obama Presidential Center in May 2017.[15] Michael Strautmanis became the vice-president of civic engagement for the foundation in 2016.[16]

Site selection

In 2014 the library released details for institutions interested in being the location of the library.[17]

The library ultimately received bids from four institutions:

  • Columbia University (New York City)[18]
  • University of Chicago (Chicago)[18]
  • University of Illinois at Chicago (Chicago)[18]
  • University of Hawaii (Honolulu)

In May 2015 the library's board announced it had decided to build the library in partnership with the University of Chicago.[19]

After the library's board had selected to build the library in partnership with the University of Chicago they began deciding between two possible locations, Washington Park and Jackson Park. They ultimately selected Jackson Park.[20]

In 2018, the Obama Foundation released the proposed bid by the University of Chicago, and the three other universities.[21] The 2014 bid revealed that the University of Chicago included various plans, such as combining the golf courses at South Shore and Jackson Park into a single “world class facility,” and the closing of Cornell Drive and other streets in the vicinity of Jackson Park in order to improve the connecting green space for museums located in a nearby area known as "Museum Campus South".[22]

Planning and design

The University of Chicago, the University of Illinois at Chicago, the University of Hawaii, and Columbia University submitted proposals to host the institution.[23][24] In May 2015, the Barack Obama Foundation and Chicago mayor Rahm Emanuel announced that the foundation and the Barack Obama Presidential Center would be located in Chicago's South Side, and would be built in partnership with the University of Chicago.[25]

Local reaction

The selection of the South Side has broad local support for reasons of civic pride as well as of the economic development it would bring in the form of jobs and development. The nonprofit group Friends of the Parks opposes the loss of parkland to build the center and had threatened a lawsuit to block development.[25] In May 2018, the preservationist group "Protect Our Parks" filed a lawsuit, to prevent the part of Jackson Park, which dates from 1893, from being taken from the public and given to a private entity.[26] Mayor Emanuel was critical of the lawsuit.[27] Later that month, the plan to build the center was approved by the Chicago Plan Commission.[28]

The Obama Library South Side Community Benefits Agreement Coalition, a coalition of 19 community and activist groups, is seeking a community benefits agreement to require that the Obama Foundation, in partnership with the City of Chicago, sets aside jobs for residents in the local communities, protect low-income housing and home owners, support and create Black businesses, and strengthen neighborhood schools.[29] Some residents have concerns about rising property taxes and rents that could displace many of the low-income Black residents.[30] Recent rent increases for residents living directly across from the library site escalated concerns of displacement of residents, particularly those who have fixed incomes, and has drawn protests against local Aldermen who are in opposition of a community benefits agreement.[31] As of 2018, the Obama Foundation has so far refused to consider a community benefits agreement.[32]

Some faculty members signed a letter stating concerns about the design, raised questions about the estimated cost of transportation improvements, and stated that the plan is an "object-lesson in the mistakes of the past".[33] A counter-letter in support of the Obama Center was signed by other University of Chicago faculty in response.[34] The independent campus student newspaper, The Chicago Maroon wrote an editorial in support of the library that criticized the concerns raised by some faculty.[35]

The foundation has announced plans for community hiring.[36] An economic impact assessment estimates that about 28% of the 4,945 short-term construction jobs would go to South Side residents, with the remainder to the rest of Cook County. About 2,175 of the 2,536 long-term jobs would to go South Side residents, with the remainder to residents in rest of Cook County. It is estimated that the long-term jobs will bring in about $104 million in annual income to Cook County residents, or about $41,000 per job.[37] Some local community residents are concerned about the percentage of new jobs going to residents living in the neighborhoods directly surrounding the center. The Obama Library South Side Community Benefits Agreement Coalition has asked that a majority of the jobs go to residents in the surrounding neighbors, that the jobs pay a living wage, and that jobs are set aside for hard-to-employ populations.[38]

Design

A design advisory committee assisted in the selection of the architects. Members of the committee included sculptor Don Gummer (the husband of actress Meryl Streep); Ed Schlossberg of ESI Design (husband of Caroline Kennedy, the former U.S. ambassador to Japan); Fred Eychaner, a Chicago radio station owner and Democratic financier; and Architectural Digest magazine editor Margaret Russell.[39] Seven architectural firms were announced as finalists in December 2015 from an initial list of 140 applicants:[39] John Ronan Architects, Adjaye Associates, Diller Scofidio + Renfro, Renzo Piano Building Workshop, SHoP Architects, Snøhetta, and Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects.[40]

In June 2016, the foundation chose New York-based Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects and Chicago-based Interactive Design Architects to jointly lead the design and engineering of the center.[41][42] For the exhibition design, Ralph Appelbaum Associates, which worked on the National Museum of African American History, will lead a team including Civic Projects, Normal, and several local artists.[43] The landscape architect is Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates, with Site Design Group, and Living Habitats.[44] A group, Lakeside Alliance, which includes, Turner Construction, and a consortium of local African-American owned firms, Powers & Sons Construction, UJAMAA Construction, Brown & Momen, and Safeway Construction will build the library.[45]

Two parks near the University of Chicago's campus, Jackson Park and Washington Park, were considered.[25] On July 29, 2016, the foundation announced the selection of portion of Jackson Park in the Woodlawn neighborhood. Jackson Park, designed by landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, already houses the Museum of Science and Industry and a golf course.[46]

Preliminary plans were unveiled in May 2017, involving three buildings in geometric shapes covered in light-colored stone, roughly {{convert|200,000|to|225,000|sqft|m2}}. The museum building (which will also include educational and meeting space) will be the tallest at {{convert|180|ft|m|abbr=on}}. The other buildings, a library building and a forum building, will be a single story. The latter building will feature an auditorium, restaurant, and a public garden. The library will be "the first completely digital presidential library in the country, with no paper records stored on site"—papers will be stored at a separate National Archives and Records Administration facility.[53] In 2018, the center announced an agreement to place a Chicago Public Library branch within the complex.[5]

The unveiled plan incorporates the Jackson Park end of Midway Plaisance from the north (which would be readapted as a circular greenspace surrounding a water basin), and the entirety of the park's hockey field and adjoining parkland to the south, where the main buildings and new park landscaping are to be sited. As part of a wider plan to reclaim parkland and improve park safety, the project also necessitates the closure of South Cornell Drive between 60th and 67th Streets, a 6-lane thoroughfare that runs along the western park lagoon and the park's golf course from Midway Plaisance to South Shore.[47] Without improvements to other roadways that will accommodate local traffic, these closures will result in nine intersections in the area to operate over capacity causing substantial traffic delays. These infrastructure changes would not be paid for by the Obama Foundation, and would require government funding,[48] expected to cost the city $175 million.[49]

Construction and fundraising

Construction of the center was originally expected to begin in late 2018 and be completed in 2020 or 2021.[39] A federal review of the project began in late 2017, responding to the local criticism and attempting to assess whether the project affects Jackson Park's status on the National Register of Historic Places.[50] This review will likely determine the start date of construction if the plan is approved.[51] The architects said in February 2017 that construction of the center's museum and library would likely approach $300 million, and that the Center would likely need an endowment of $1.5 billion.[52] In 2017, Obama reportedly was set to engage in a major fundraising effort for the Center.[52] On July 27, 2018, the Obama Foundation announced that groundbreaking for the Center would be delayed until sometime in 2019, and the center would not open in 2021, as was initially planned.[53]

The Foundation's 2017 annual report, and its 2017 IRS filing, show that the Obama Foundation raised $232.6 million, on expenses of $23 million. The year after Obama left office was the first year the Foundation lifted a cap on donations. While it lists its donors on its website, it no longer specifically links donors to exact amounts. The Foundation's executive director, Robbin Cohen, earned more than $862,000 in salary and bonuses in 2017. While the Chicago city government has not promised that the Foundation's endowment details will be disclosed publicly, its agreement with the Foundation requires that the Foundation may not proceed with construction of the Center until the building endowment is secured.[54]

In early August 2018, the Chicago Park District began cutting trees to relocate park facilities,[55] with the most notable being the Jackson Park athletic field.[56] On September 17, 2018, the Chicago Park District suspended its construction related to the Center following meetings with the National Park Service and the Federal Highway Administration.[8] On September 18, 2018, it was announced that the Center will be owned by the city of Chicago once completed and that the Obama Foundation will not receive the tax-based operating or capital support, nor the perpetual leases which the 11 other museums in the city parks obtain.[57] Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel submitted two ordinances to the Chicago City Council on September 20: the first would grant the Obama Foundation a 99-year lease on the Jackson Park site for $10.00 with various restrictions on the Foundation's use, in return for the Foundation's financial responsibility for maintaining and operating the city-owned project; the second allows the city to plow under Cornell Drive from 59th Street to Hayes Drive in order to reconfigure this area as green space.[58][59]

The Chicago Department of Planning and Development (DPD) ordinance amends a 2015 agreement with the park district concerning the Obama Presidential Center.[60] Under the new ordinance, the Presidential Center will comply with the Museum Act's free admission days requirements.[60] Parking fees for the Center will also be regulated so they are consistent with the rates charged at the Museum of Science and Industry or in the North Garage adjacent to the Field Museum.[60] The ordinance will also ensure that these parking fees may solely be used to finance the Center's operations, maintenance, management, and endowment funding.[60][61] On October 31, 2018, the Chicago city council unanimously approved the new proposal for the Obama Presidential Center.[62][63][64] Mayor Emanuel, who put forth the new proposal, afterwards read a letter of thanks written by former President Obama.[62][63][64]

On October 24, 2018, U.S. District Judge John Robert Blakey held a status conference in the lawsuit filed by the group Protect Our Parks to prevent construction in Jackson Park.[65][66] Blakey indicated that both sides want a quick resolution and the court will not delay the lawsuit.[66][65] The city informed the court that they intend to seek a motion to dismiss after action by the City Council.[66][65] Discovery will continue during the next few months, suggesting that any potential trial date is at least several months away.[65] On November 23, 2018, a motion was filed by the city of Chicago to dismiss the Protect Our Parks lawsuit.[67][68][69] This request was denied on February 19, 2019 by Judge Blakey.[70][71] While it does not guarantee the challenge will ultimately win in court, the ruling allows the lawsuit to proceed and may also force organizers to select another site entirely due to potential delays in construction.[70] On February 26, 2019, the Obama Presidential Center suffered another blow when residents in nearby areas voted to reject the October 2018 city council ordinance and require the Center to take part in a community benefits agreement, something which the former President and the Obama Foundation have objected to.[72][73]

Obama presidential documents and artifacts

The papers and artifacts from the Obama administration are being stored and processed inside a facility in suburban Hoffman Estates,[47] northwest of Chicago's O'Hare International Airport. The records are to be digitized and stored in existing NARA facilities. By law, they are not subject to any Freedom of Information Act requests until 2022.[74]

See also

{{Portal|Barack Obama|Libraries}}
  • Presidential Records Act

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

1. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/12/19/white-house-political-director-david-simas-joins-obama-foundation-as-ceo/ |title=White House political director David Simas joins Obama Foundation as CEO|author=Eilperin, Juliet |date=December 19, 2016 |newspaper=The Washington Post |accessdate=December 25, 2016}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.barackobamafoundation.org/the-center |title=The Obama Presidential Center |website=Barack Obama Foundation.org}}
3. ^{{cite press release |url=https://www.obama.org/updates/obama-foundation-announces-jackson-park-site-obama-presidential-center |title=Obama Foundation Announces Jackson Park as Site of the Obama Presidential Center |date=July 29, 2016 |publisher=Obama.org |access-date=February 28, 2018 |language=en-US}}
4. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.uchicago.edu/behind-the-news/obama-presidential-library/faq#planning |title=FAQ on Obama Presidential Library |date=January 31, 2014 |website=UChicago News |access-date=February 28, 2018 |language=en}}
5. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obamacenter/ct-met-obama-public-library-branch-20180501-story.html |title=Obama Foundation announces new public library branch |last=Bowean |first=Lolly |date=May 2, 2018 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |access-date=2018-05-02 |subscription=yes}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2017/nr17-54 |title=National Archives Announces a New Model for the Preservation and Accessibility of Presidential Records |date=2017-05-03 |website=National Archives |language=en |access-date=2018-05-03}}
7. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obamalibrary/ct-obama-center-met-0512-20170511-story.html |title=Obama Presidential Center breaks from National Archives model |last3=Caputo |first1=Blair |last1=Kamin |first2=Katherine |last2=Skiba |first3=Angela |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=May 12, 2017 |access-date=September 22, 2018 |subscription=yes}}
8. ^1 {{cite news |accessdate=2018-09-21 |title=Chicago Park District pauses Obama Presidential Center construction |date=September 18, 2018 |last=Blasuis |first=Elizabeth |url=https://archpaper.com/2018/09/obama-presidential-center-chicago-park-district-jackson-park/ |journal=The Architect's Newspaper}}
9. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-19/thelma-golden-knows-that-showing-great-art-means-nurturing-new-artists |title=Thelma Golden Knows That Showing Great Art Means Nurturing New Artists |last=Tarmy |first=James |date=March 19, 2018 |agency=Bloomberg News |access-date=2018-09-22 |subscription=yes}}
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11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.barackobamafoundation.org/foundation |title=About the Foundation |website=Barack Obama Foundation}}
12. ^{{cite news |last=Gima |first=Craig |title=Obama: 'Hawaii is home,' but he probably won't live here |url=http://www.staradvertiser.com/breaking-news/obama-hawaii-is-home-but-he-probably-wont-live-here/ |newspaper=Honolulu Star-Advertiser |date=March 3, 2016 |accessdate=March 3, 2016}}
13. ^1 {{cite news |title=Obamas likely to stay in DC for a few years |url=https://www.reuters.com/video/2016/03/03/obamas-likely-to-stay-in-dc-for-a-few-ye?videoId=367611877 | agency=Reuters interview (rough cut with no reporter narration) |date=March 3, 2016 |accessdate=March 3, 2016}}
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16. ^{{cite press release |url=https://www.obama.org/updates/barack-obama-foundation-announces-hire-michael-strautmanis-vice-president-civic-engagement/ |title=The Barack Obama Foundation Announces Hire of Michael Strautmanis as Vice President of Civic Engagement |website=Obama Foundation |date=November 23, 2015 |access-date=January 29, 2018}}
17. ^https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2014-03-20-chi-obama-library-officials-allow-parties-to-make-their-bid-20140320-story.html
18. ^1 2 https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/01/15/377197729/hawaii-as-racial-paradise-bid-for-obama-library-invokes-a-complex-past
19. ^https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/13/us/chicago-president-obama-library.html
20. ^https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obamacenter/ct-obama-library-site-jackson-park-met-20160727-story.html
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obamacenter/ct-met-obama-center-proposals-20181019-story.html|title=Ahead of court hearing, Obama Foundation reveals closely guarded design plans|first=Blair Kamin, Madeline|last=Buckley|publisher=}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/obama-foundation-under-pressure-releases-secret-u-of-chicago-bid/|title=Obama Foundation under pressure from lawsuit, releases secret U. of C. bid|publisher=}}
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24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.barackobamafoundation.org/news/entry/obama-foundation-issues-rfp-to-four-potential-hosts-of-future-presidential/ |title=Obama Foundation Issues RFP to Four Potential Hosts of Future Presidential Library |date=September 15, 2014 |website=Barack Obama Foundation |access-date=January 10, 2018}}
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26. ^{{cite news |first=Tony |last=Briscoe |title=Federal lawsuit accuses Obama center organizers of pulling an 'institutional bait and switch' |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obamacenter/ct-met-obama-center-lawsuit-20180514-story.html |accessdate=7 June 2018 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=15 May 2018 |quote=Protect Our Parks Inc. also claims in its lawsuit, which was filed in U.S. District Court on Monday, that the Chicago Park District and the City of Chicago don't have the authority to transfer public parkland to nongovernmental entity such as the Obama Foundation. |subscription=yes}}
27. ^{{cite news |last=Byrne |first=John |date=May 15, 2018 |title=Emanuel says group that sued Obama center organizers doesn't 'understand the 21st century' |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/politics/ct-met-rahm-emanuel-obama-library-lawsuit-20180515-story.html |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |access-date=15 May 2018 |subscription=yes}}
28. ^{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |last=Bradley |first=Tahman |date=17 May 2018 |title=Obama Presidential Center approved by Chicago plan commission |url=http://wgntv.com/2018/05/17/activists-gather-outside-city-hall-ahead-of-vote-on-obama-presidential-center/ |work=WGN News |location=Chicago |accessdate=17 May 2018 }}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.obamacba.org/ |title=Community Benefits Agreement (CBA) for the Obama Library |website=Community Benefits Agreement (CBA) for the Obama Library}}
30. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/columnists/kamin/ct-met-obama-center-displacement-kamin-0304-story.html |title=The Dilemma of Development: Will Obama Center hurt those it's supposed to help? |last=Kamin |first=Blair |date=March 3, 2018 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |subscription=yes |accessdate=September 22, 2018}}
31. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagomaroon.com/article/2018/3/30/cba-coalition-protests-rent-increase-hairston-warn/ |title=CBA Coalition Protests Rent Increase, Hairston Warns It Not To “Deceive the Public” |last=Chen |first=Elaine |date=March 29, 2018 |newspaper=The Chicago Maroon |accessdate=September 22, 2018}}
32. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/Bleader/archives/2018/02/28/obama-no-community-benefits-agreement-and-lets-move-on |title=Obama: No Community Benefits Agreement |last=Isaacs |first=Deanna |date=February 28, 2018 |newspaper=Chicago Reader |accessdate=September 22, 2018}}
33. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.thecollegefix.com/post/41390/ |title=UChicago faculty denounce plans for Obama Presidential Center: 'object-lesson in the mistakes of the past' |first=Drew |last=Van Voorhis |date=January 29, 2018 |journal=The College Fix |access-date=January 29, 2018}}
34. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagomaroon.com/article/2018/2/9/newsletter-february-9/ |title=News |date=February 9, 2018 |newspaper=Chicago Maroon |access-date=2018-06-19 |language=en}}
35. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.chicagomaroon.com/article/2018/1/23/relocate-advocate/ |title=Don't Relocate, Advocate |last=Editorial Board |date=2018-01-23 |work=The Chicago Maroon |access-date=2018-06-19 |language=en}}
36. ^{{cite press release |url=https://www.obama.org/updates/obama-foundation-diversity-consultant/ |title=Obama Foundation Issues Request for Diversity Consultant for the Obama Presidential Center |date=September 29, 2017 |publisher=Obama Foundation |language=en-US |access-date=2018-04-12}}
37. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.obama.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-Sheet__OPC-Economic-Impact.pdf |title=OPC Economic Impact |publisher=Obama Foundation}}
38. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.obamacba.org/principles.html |title=Principles |website=Community Benefits Agreement (CBA) for the Obama Library |date=September 29, 2016}}
39. ^1 2 {{cite news |first1=Kamin |last1=Blair |title=Husbands of Streep and Kennedy advising on Obama Center architect |url=http://chicagotribune.com/news/obamalibrary/ct-obama-library-architect-panel-met-20160113-story.html |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=January 13, 2016 |subscription=yes}}
40. ^{{cite news| first=Lynn| last=Sweet| url=http://chicago.suntimes.com/politics/seven-firms-make-cut-to-design-obama-center-in-chicago/| title=Seven firms make cut to design Obama Center in Chicago| newspaper=Chicago Sun Times| date=December 21, 2015}}
41. ^{{cite news |title=Obamas choose New York architects to design Chicago library and museum |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obamalibrary/ct-obama-library-architect-met-20160630-story.html |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=June 30, 2016 |subscription=yes}}
42. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.barackobamafoundation.org/news/entry/Architect-Selection-Announcement |title=The Obama Foundation Announces Architect Selection for Future Presidential Center |publisher=The Obama Foundation |date=June 30, 2016 |accessdate=July 2, 2016}}
43. ^Obama Foundation exhibition designers Chicago Tribune
44. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagomaroon.com/article/2017/2/7/obama-foundation-chooses-landscape-architects-pres/|title=Obama Foundation Chooses Landscape Architects for Presidential Library|author=Tan, Yao Xen|date=February 6, 2017|website=www.chicagomaroon.com}}
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46. ^Skiba, Katherine. Obama Foundation makes it official: Presidential library will go up in Jackson Park, Chicago Tribune, June 29, 2016.
47. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obamalibrary/ct-obama-library-met-kamin-0503-20170503-story.html |title=Obamas unveil design of presidential center in Chicago |first1=Angela |last1=Caputo |first2=Katherine |last2=Skiba |first3=Blair |last3=Kamin |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=May 4, 2017}}
48. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.cityofchicago.org/content/dam/city/depts/dcd/supp_info/jackson/fha-purpose.pdf |title=OPC Mobility Improvements to Support the SLFP}}
49. ^{{cite news |first=Lolly |last=Bowean |title=Obama Foundation delays presidential center groundbreaking until next year |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obamacenter/ct-met-obama-center-delayed-20180727-story.html |accessdate=29 July 2018 |work=Chicago Tribune |date=July 27, 2018 |quote=the city is expected to make about $175 million in improvements}}
50. ^Sweet, Lynn. [https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/feds-launch-review-of-obama-presidential-center-plans-for-jackson-park/ "Feds launch review of Obama Presidential Center impact on Jackson Park"], Chicago Sun-Times, November 26, 2017.
51. ^Freund, Sara. [https://chicago.curbed.com/2018/1/9/16868008/ "Obama Center scraps above-ground parking garage after neighborhood opposition"], Chicago Curbed, January 9, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
52. ^1 Obama's Library Architects Say Project May Need $1.5 Billion: Report, WMAQ-TV News, February 20, 2017.
53. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obamacenter/ct-met-obama-center-delayed-20180727-story.html |title=Obama Foundation delays presidential center groundbreaking until next year |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=July 27, 2018 |accessdate=August 31, 2018 |last=Bowean |first=Lolly}}
54. ^{{cite news|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/obama-foundation-irs-filing-top-exec-salary-862k-donors-fundraising/|first=Lynn|last=Sweet|title=Fundraising bonanza fuels Obama Foundation, top staffer earns whopping $862K|date=September 25, 2018|publisher=Chicago Sun-Times|accessdate=September 27, 2018}}
55. ^{{cite news |first=Lynn |last=Sweet |title=Jackson Park trees cut down near Obama Center site despite lawsuit, promises |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/chicago-park-district-obama-presidential-center-jackson-park-watch-obama-foundation-trees-cut-down/ |accessdate=20 September 2018 |newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times |date=August 6, 2018 |quote=The city and Chicago Park District are cutting down trees in Jackson Park – in a project related to the Obama Presidential Center – despite a pending lawsuit, city and federal approvals still needed and a pledge from the Obama Foundation CEO to keep trees intact until the permitting process is complete.}}
56. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obamacenter/ct-met-obama-moves-track-20180807-story.html |title=Work begins to relocate track in Jackson Park to make way for Obama center |last=Bowean |first=Lolly |date=August 7, 2018 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |access-date=2018-09-02 |language=en-US |subscription=yes}}
57. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obamacenter/ct-met-obama-user-agreement-20180918-story.html |title=New legislation outlines terms of Obama center's use of Jackson Park |first=Lolly |last=Bowean |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=September 18, 2018 |accessdate=September 18, 2018}}
58. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/mayor/press_room/press_releases/2018/september/092018_TwoOrdinancesObamaPresidentialCenter.html |title=City of Chicago : Mayor Emanuel, City Departments Introduce Two Ordinances To City Council |website=www.cityofchicago.org |language=en |access-date=2018-09-23}}
59. ^{{cite news| title=City Hall deal for Obama Center in Jackson Park: 99 years for $10| url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/city-hall-deal-obama-center-jackson-park-99-years-10/| last=Sweet| first=Lynn| newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times| accessdate=September 22, 2018}}
60. ^1 2 3 http://www.lawndalenews.com/2018/09/obama-presidential-center-enters-next-phase/
61. ^{{cite web|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/city-council-committee-approves-10-dollar-99-year-lease-obama-center/|title=City Council Committee approves $10, 99-year deal for Obama Center|publisher=}}
62. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/city-council-approval-obama-presidential-center-jackson-park/|title=City Council unanimously approves Obama Presidential Center — for the third time|publisher=}}
63. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obamacenter/ct-met-obama-use-agreement-ordinance-20181031-story.html|title=City Council unanimously approves use agreement for Obama Presidential Center|first=Lolly|last=Bowean|publisher=}}
64. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.wlsam.com/2018/10/31/48-0-city-council-votes-in-favor-obama-presidential-center/|title=48 - 0: City Council votes in favor Obama Presidential center.|date=October 31, 2018|publisher=}}
65. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2018/10/24/trial-date-in-over-obama-center-to-be-set-december/|title=Trial Date In Case Over Obama Center To Be Set In December|date=October 24, 2018|publisher=}}
66. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obamacenter/ct-met-obama-center-lawsuit-hearing-20181024-story.html|title=Judge says he won't let suit against Obama Presidential Center drag on|first=Jeff|last=Coen|publisher=}}
67. ^https://www.yahoo.com/news/chicago-defends-location-obama-library-federal-court-232929044.html
68. ^https://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/ward-room/city-defends-location-of-obama-library-in-federal-court-501186231.html
69. ^https://www.njherald.com/article/20181123/AP/311239779
70. ^1 https://chicago.curbed.com/2019/2/19/18231657/obama-library-lawsuit-jackson-park-ruling
71. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2019-02-19/judge-oks-suit-aimed-at-halting-obama-library-in-chicago|title=Judge OKs Suit Aimed at Halting Obama Library in Chicago|last=|first=|date=|work=|access-date=}}
72. ^https://blockclubchicago.org/2019/02/27/south-side-voters-tell-city-officials-the-obama-center-needs-a-community-benefits-agreement/
73. ^https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/a-rare-election-night-loss-for-obama-voters-back-benefits-pact-for-presidential-center/
74. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.obamalibrary.gov/about-us |title=About Us |accessdate=September 22, 2018 |website=Barack Obama Presidential Library}}

External links

  • {{official}}
  • University of Chicago library announcement with videos
  • National Archives and Records Administration website for the library
  • [https://www.lakesidealliance.com Builder website for the Obama Center]
{{US presidential libraries|state=expanded}}{{Barack Obama|state=expanded}}{{UChicago}}{{Museums in Chicago}}

6 : Presidential libraries|Barack Obama|Proposed buildings and structures in the United States|University of Chicago|Museums in Chicago|Tourism in Chicago
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