| 词条 | Barbara Lenk |
| 释义 |
| name = Barbara A. Lenk | image = | imagesize = | caption = | office = Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court | termstart = June 8, 2011 | termend = | appointer = | nominator = Deval Patrick | predecessor = Judith A. Cowin | successor = | office2 = Judge of the Massachusetts Appeals Court | termstart2 = June 20, 1995 | termend2 = June 8, 2011 | appointer2 = | nominator2 = William Weld | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | office3 = Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Superior Court | termstart3 = 1993 | termend3 = June 20, 1995 | appointer3 = | nominator3 = William Weld | predecessor3 = | successor3 = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|12|02}} | birth_place = Queens, New York | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = Fordham University (B.A.) Yale University (Ph.D) Harvard Law School (J.D.) | spouse = Debra Krupp }} Barbara A. Lenk (born December 2, 1950) is an Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. On April 4, 2011, Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick nominated her to that position[1][2] and she was confirmed by the Governor's Council on May 4, 2011.[3] She took the oath of office on June 8. Early life and careerJustice Lenk was born in Queens, New York, to a poor family. Her parents were a bookbinder and a housekeeper. Her first language was Polish.[1] She received a B.A. magna cum laude from Fordham University in 1972, a Ph.D. in political philosophy from Yale University in 1978, and a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1979. Upon graduation, she joined the Boston law firm of Brown, Rudnick, Freed & Gesmer and was a partner there for six years.[4] Her practice focused on civil litigation, with a specialty in First Amendment issues.[1] Judicial careerIn 1993, Massachusetts Governor William Weld, a Republican, named her to the state's Superior Court. She served there until Weld appointed her to the Appeals Court, where she began her service on June 20, 1995.[5] When nominated to serve on the Supreme Judicial Court, Justice Lenk was the longest serving member of the Appeals Court.[6] In 2017, Justice Lenk found that the federal Stored Communications Act did not prevent the personal representatives of a deceased person from accessing his emails.[7] PersonalJustice Lenk has served on the Board of Directors of the Volunteer Lawyers Project of the Boston Bar Association, as chair of the Board of Editors of the Boston Bar Journal, and as a member of the Judicial Administration Council of the Massachusetts Bar Association.[5] She is a Trustee of Western New England University,[8] where she chairs the academic affairs committee,[4] and a member of the Boston Inn of Court.[9] Lenk serves on the Board of Directors for Kerem Shalom in Concord, Massachusetts.[4] Justice Lenk is a lesbian. She married her wife, attorney Debra Krupp, following the legalization of same-sex marriage in Massachusetts in 2004. They have two adopted children.[10][11] She is the first openly gay member of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court.[12] As of August 2017, she is one of eleven openly LGBT state supreme court justices currently serving in the United States. References1. ^1 2 {{cite news|work=Boston Globe |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/breaking_news/2011/04/source_patrick.html|first=Noah |last=Bierman|title=Patrick nominates first openly gay justice to Mass. high court| date= April 4, 2011 |accessdate= April 4, 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20121103055131/http://www.boston.com/news/local/breaking_news/2011/04/source_patrick.html| archivedate=November 3, 2012| deadurl= no}} {{s-start}}{{s-legal}}{{s-bef|before=Judith Cowin}}{{s-ttl|title=Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court|years=2011–present}}{{s-inc}}{{s-end}}{{Current Massachusetts statewide political officials}}{{Justices of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lenk, Barbara A.}}2. ^{{cite news|work=Boston Herald|url=http://www.bostonherald.com/news/politics/view/2011_0404source_governor_names_lenk_to_sjc/ |first=Hillary |last=Chabot|title=Governor names openly gay Barbara Lenk to SJC| date=April 4, 2011|accessdate= April 4, 2011}} 3. ^{{cite news|work=Boston Globe |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/breaking_news/2011/05/lenk_approved_f.html |first=Michael |last=Levenson |title=Lenk approved for SJC; first openly gay justice on state's highest court| date= May 4, 2011 |accessdate= May 4, 2011}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite news|work=GovMonitor.com|url=http://www.thegovmonitor.com/world_news/united_states/justice-barbara-a-lenk-nominated-to-massachusetts-supreme-court-48208.html |title=Justice Barbara A. Lenk Nominated To Massachusetts Supreme Court|date=April 4, 2011|accessdate= April 4, 2011}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.mass.gov/courts/appealscourt/justices/lenk.html |title=Massachusetts State Courts: Associate Justice Barbara A. Lenk | publisher= Commonwealth of Massachusetts | accessdate= April 4, 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110314123045/http://www.mass.gov/courts/appealscourt/justices/lenk.html| archivedate= 14 March 2011 | deadurl= no}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mass.gov/courts/appealscourt/justices/lenk.html |title=Massachusetts State Courts: Justices of the Massachusetts Appeals Court | publisher= Commonwealth of Massachusetts | accessdate= April 8, 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110314123045/http://www.mass.gov/courts/appealscourt/justices/lenk.html| archivedate= 14 March 2011 | deadurl= no}} 7. ^{{Bluebook journal |first=|last=Note| title=Recent Case: Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Holds that Personal Representatives May Provide Lawful Consent for Release of a Decedent’s Emails| volume=131 | journal=Harv. L. Rev. | page=2081 | url=https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/2081-2088_Online.pdf| year=2018}}. 8. ^{{cite web|title=Western New England University: Board of Trustees 2010-2011 |url=http://www1.wnec.edu/aboutus/index.cfm?selection=doc.2177 |accessdate= April 4, 2011}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Boston American Inn of Court: 2010-2011 Membership Directory| url=http://www.innsofcourt.org/inns/bostoninn/|accessdate= April 4, 2011}} 10. ^{{cite news|first=Noah|last=Bierman|work=Boston Globe|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2011/04/05/as_openly_gay_justice_lenk_would_be_another_first_on_states_high_court/ |title=Another unprecedented SJC pick|date= April 5, 2011| accessdate= April 5, 2011}} 11. ^{{cite news|work=Boston Spirit Magazine |url=http://www.bostonspiritmagazine.com/home/2008/11/18/a-judicial-orientation.html |first=Chuck |last=Colbert |title=A Judicial Orientation |date=November 18, 2008 |accessdate=April 4, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427084220/http://www.bostonspiritmagazine.com/home/2008/11/18/a-judicial-orientation.html |archivedate=April 27, 2011 }} 12. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/05/us/05patrick.html?partner=rss&emc=rss|work=New York Times|title=Lesbian Judge Chosen for Top Massachusetts Court|first=Abby|last=Goodnough|date=April 4, 2011| accessdate= April 4, 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110411135837/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/05/us/05patrick.html?partner=rss&emc=rss| archivedate= 11 April 2011 | deadurl= no}} 14 : 1950 births|Living people|American people of Polish-Jewish descent|American women judges|Fordham University alumni|Harvard Law School alumni|LGBT appointed officials in the United States|LGBT judges|Massachusetts state court judges|Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court justices|People from Queens, New York|Yale University alumni|20th-century American judges|21st-century American judges |
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