1. Tools
    Kamish Pen  Bamboo Pen  Java Pen  Handam Pen  Celi Pen 

2. Arabic Alphabet
    Popular Scripts  Other Scripts  Table of basic letters 

3. List of calligraphers

4. Modern examples

5. See also

6. References

7. External links

Kufic is the oldest form of the Arabic script.

Although most Islamic calligraphy is in Arabic and most Arabic calligraphy is Islamic, the two are not identical. Coptic Christian manuscripts in Arabic, for example, may make use of calligraphy. Likewise, there is Islamic calligraphy in Persian.

Tools

The pens used for Arabic Calligraphy vary from Latin calligraphy. The tools used for calligraphy are different assortments of pens and calligraphy ink.

The most common calligraphy pen used is:

• Qalam

Kamish Pen

The Kamish Pen also known as a reed pen is used by Arab, Turkish, and Iranian calligraphers. The reed of the pen is grown along rivers. Although this pen has been used for over 500 years, preparing the pen is a lengthy process.

Bamboo Pen

Bamboo Pens are one of the oldest pens used for calligraphy. The edge of Bamboo pens allow the performance of calligraphy to be in full movement.

Java Pen

The Java pen is known for the tools hardness and ability to create sharp edges. The man is good to use for small scripts.

Handam Pen

The Handam pen consists of the same strength that the Jave pen has. The pen is good to use for all kinds of scripts.

Celi Pen

The Celi Pen is used for large writing in Arabic Calligraphy. These pens are made from hardwood and cut and drilled.

Arabic Alphabet

The Arabic alphabet is known to be the second most used language in the world. Many scholoars believe that the alphabet was created around the 4th century CE.^[3]

The alphabet consists of 28 letters written from right to left. Each letter has three ways that it can be written depending on where the letter is placed in a sentence. These three locations are also known as initial, medial, and final.

Popular Scripts

The two popular scripts used for Arabic scripting are Kufic and Naskh, Kūfic was derived from Iraq and used for inscription on stone and metal. Naskhī originated from Mecca and Medina. The script is used as a cursice script on papyrus and paper.

Other Scripts

The Thuluth and Nasta'liq and Diwani script are a few other scripts used for Arabic scripting.

The Thuluth script used during the medieval times is known as one of the oldest scripts to exist. The script was used on mosques and for Quranic text due to the appearance of the text.

The Nasta'liq script is used more for Persian than Arabic scripting. Because of the upward slant to the right ^[4], the script is seen as different than the other scripts. The cursive look creates an elegant look when creating.

The Diwani Script was founded during the Ottoman Turks era. The lining and lettering of this script creates a sense of closeness when writing. Due to this reason, it's difficult to read since the letters interwine ^[5].

Table of basic letters

List of calligraphers

Some classical calligraphers:

Medieval

• Ibn Muqla (d. 939/940)
• Ibn al-Bawwab (d. 1022)
• Fakhr-un-Nisa (12th century)

Ottoman era {{anchor|Ottoman-era calligraphers}}

• Shaykh Hamdullah (1436–1520)
• Hamid Aytaç (1891-1982)
• Seyyid Kasim Gubari (d. 1624)
• Hâfiz Osman (1642–1698)
• Mustafa Râkim (1757–1826)
• Mehmed Shevki Efendi (1829–1887)

{{See|List of Ottoman calligraphers}}

Contemporary

• Ali Adjalli (b. 1939), Iran
• Wijdan Ali (b. 1939), Jordan
• Hashem Muhammad al-Baghdadi in Iraq
• Mohammad Hosni Syria
• Shakkir Hassan Al Sa'id (1925-2004) in Iraq
• Madiha Omar Iraqi-American
• Sadequain Naqqash (1930-1987), Pakistan
• Ibrahim el-Salahi (b. 1930), Sudan
• Mahmoud Taha (b. 1942), Jordan
• Mohamed Zakariya (b. 1942), United States of America

Modern examples

See also

• Islamic calligraphy
• Abu Saymeh

References

External links

• {{commons category-inline|Arabic calligraphy}}

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