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词条 Bar Beach, Lagos
释义

  1. 1970s to 1990s: Firing squad venue

  2. 1980s to 2000s: Flooding

  3. 2000s to present: Eko Atlantic

  4. Eko Atlantic and continuing flooding

  5. In popular culture

  6. See also

  7. References

The Bar Beach was a beach on the Atlantic Ocean along the shorelines of Lagos, situated on Victoria Island.[1][2] For a while, it was the most popular beach in Nigeria[3][4] especially when Lagos was the capital of the country.

1970s to 1990s: Firing squad venue

From early 1970s to the late eighties, during the military regime, Bar Beach was also the spot where many convicted armed robbers and coup plotters were executed by firing squad.[5] It was always a public spectacle, with thousands of spectators, including television cameras and print journalists.[6][7]

The first ever public execution in Nigeria took place at Bar Beach in 1971. It was of Babatunde Folorunsho, for armed robbery.[8] Others include Joseph Ilobo , Williams Alders Oyazimo, and Lawrence Anini and Dr. Oyenusi in the 90s.[9]

The convicted plotters of the coup of February 1976 that killed General Murtala Mohammed, including Major-General I D Bisalla and Col. Buka Suka Dimka, were also shot by firing squad on Bar Beach.[10][11]

1980s to 2000s: Flooding

Over many years, Bar Beach developed a reputation for overflowing its banks and claiming lives and property.[12][13][14][15] Many times, the Ahmadu Bello Way, the road closest to its banks, was closed for safety reasons. Studies showed that between eight to fourteen metres of beach-front was eroded annually along Bar Beach.[16]

2000s to present: Eko Atlantic

In 2003, the idea for a modern city on the Atlantic coast was publicly discussed. It would be sited on what used to be Bar Beach, out of reclaimed land. It would be called Eko Atlantic City, a residential and business district “standing on 10 million square metres of land reclaimed from the ocean and protected by an 8.5 kilometre-long sea wall"[17]

In 2008, the construction of the new city began.[18]

As of May 2009 while the site was being dredged, about 3,000,000 cubic metres (3,900,000 cu yd) of space had been sand-filled and placed in the reclamation area, while about 35,000 tonnes of rock have been delivered to the site.[19][20]

In 2016, Eko Atlantic City was commissioned by Lagos governor Akinwumi Ambode.[21]

Eko Atlantic and continuing flooding

The Eko Atlantic project has been criticized for having a design flaw that may contribute to continuing flooding in Lagos[22] because of its being "highly susceptible to rising tides, as it is based on an artificial sandbar directly adjacent to the ocean."[23] A storm surge in the exact area where the Eko Atlantic’s construction was taking place reportedly killed 16 people.[24] There have been other equally dangerous flooding in Lagos blamed on the new construction project.[25][26]

In popular culture

Nnedi Okorafor's 2014 novel Lagoon is set in an alternative near future where Bar Beach is a thriving entertainment district and the site of first contact between humans and extraterrestrial visitors.[27]

See also

  • Ibeno Beach

References

1. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.aboutlagos.com/?p=762|title=Lagos Bar Beach|website=About Lagos|accessdate=August 15, 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mydestination.com/nigeria/things-to-do/192267/lagos-bar-beach|title=Lagos Bar Beach|website=My Destination|accessdate=August 15, 2014}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cometonigeria.com/wheretogo/beaches/lagos-bar-beach/|title=Lagos Bar Beach|website=Come to Nigeria|accessdate=August 15, 2014}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.total-facts-about-nigeria.com/nigeria-beaches.html|website=Total Facts about Nigeria|title=Nigeria Beaches and Lifestyle|accessdate=August 15, 2014}}
5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=y4tU--0W_-sC&pg=PA134&lpg=PA134&dq=bar+beach+firing+squad&source=bl&ots=JkrIX05VJO&sig=veL61JNVafgCThnaM_JYNnfa58I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjvlebj8pDYAhXM7CYKHVEqABsQ6AEIQjAH#v=onepage&q=bar%20beach%20firing%20squad&f=false|title=Ken Saro-Wiwa: Writer and Political Activist|last=McLuckie|first=Craig W.|last2=McPhail|first2=Aubrey|date=2000|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|isbn=9780894108839|language=en}}
6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=t5Q78sVbLakC&pg=PA212&lpg=PA212&dq=bar+beach+firing+squad&source=bl&ots=PFA2mdIYal&sig=QlcIkV95f0UviDxF4QHfh5kOU8E&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjvlebj8pDYAhXM7CYKHVEqABsQ6AEITDAJ#v=onepage&q=bar%20beach%20firing%20squad&f=false|title=Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966-1976)|last=Siollun|first=Max|date=2009|publisher=Algora Publishing|isbn=9780875867106|language=en}}
7. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.gregnwoko.com/execution-at-bar-beach-lagos-nigeria-april-24th-1970/|title=Execution at Bar beach, Lagos Nigeria. April 24th 1970. - greg nwoko|date=2015-03-11|work=greg nwoko|access-date=2017-12-17|language=en-US}}
8. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.onyipeters.com/story-touches-heart-execution-nigeria-1971/|title=STORY THAT TOUCHES THE HEART!!! First Execution In Nigeria In 1971|date=2016-08-29|work=Nigeria Breaking News, Latest Nigerian News-Onyi Peters Blog|access-date=2017-12-17|language=en-US}}
9. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.pulse.ng/gist/pop-culture/the-first-public-execution-in-nigeria-was-at-bar-beach-id7329786.html|title=The First Public Execution in Nigeria Was at Bar Beach|last=Tayo|first=Ayomide O.|access-date=2017-12-17|language=en-US}}
10. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=t5Q78sVbLakC&pg=PA212&lpg=PA212&dq=bar+beach+bisalla&source=bl&ots=PFA2meAZ4k&sig=WaWWoTsbCnDgzjmWQBCHizQodZ8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiJgsCv-pDYAhWGbSYKHRgkARwQ6AEISzAI#v=onepage&q=bar%20beach%20bisalla&f=false|title=Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966-1976)|last=Siollun|first=Max|date=2009|publisher=Algora Publishing|isbn=9780875867106|language=en}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nairaland.com/2448363/list-coup-plotters-nigeria-what|title=List Of Coup Plotters In Nigeria And What Happened To Them (viewers discretion) - Crime - Nigeria|website=www.nairaland.com|access-date=2017-12-17}}
12. ^{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200203260407.html|title=Nigeria: Bar Beach Overflows VI Roads, Streets Flooded|last=Babalola|first=Lanre|date=2002-03-26|access-date=2017-12-17}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianbestforum.com/generaltopics/lagos-bar-beach-overflows/|title=LAGOS BAR BEACH OVERFLOWS : NIGERIA GENERAL TOPICS, FREE, WEBSITES, INTERNET, SOCIETY, REAL ESTATES, BUSINESS|website=www.nigerianbestforum.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-17}}
14. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=UR0fckrquD8C&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=bar+beach+flooding&source=bl&ots=GiL3yFdyZF&sig=nylFTBQYXVnUkLJm3pGHaMHowvE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjU7caM9pDYAhXHdSYKHaokB2o4ChDoAQhUMAg#v=onepage&q=bar%20beach%20flooding&f=false|title=The State of African Cities 2008: A Framework for Addressing Urban Challenges in Africa|date=2008|publisher=UN-HABITAT|isbn=9789211320152|language=en}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nairaland.com/151/bar-beach-victoria-island-lagos|title=Bar Beach (Victoria Island, Lagos) Has Overflown Its Bank Again! - Politics - Nigeria|website=www.nairaland.com|access-date=2017-12-17}}
16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://resilient-cities.iclei.org/fileadmin/sites/resilient-cities/files/Resilient_Cities_2011/Presentations/C/C5_and_D5_Oniru.pdf|title=Resilient Cities 2011|last=Oniru|first=Adesegun|date=2011|website=Resilient Cities|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/the-bar-beach-was-here/|title=The Bar Beach was here {{!}} The Sun News|website=sunnewsonline.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-17}}
18. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.konbini.com/ng/lifestyle/lagos-experienced-worst-flood-could-still-get-worse/|title=Lagos Experienced Its Worst Flood Yet...But It Could Still Get Worse|last=Eweniyi|first=Olanrewaju|date=2017-07-10|work=Konbini Nigeria|access-date=2017-12-17|language=en-US}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://punchng.com/|title=Punch Newspaper - Breaking News, Nigerian News & Multimedia|website=Punch Newspapers|access-date=2017-12-17}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nairaland.com/273564/construction-work-eko-atlantic-city|title=Construction Work On Eko Atlantic City To Commence Soon. - Politics - Nigeria|website=www.nairaland.com|access-date=2017-12-17}}
21. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/11/gov-ambode-unveils-tower-at-eko-atlantic-city/|title=Gov. Ambode unveils tower at Eko Atlantic City - Vanguard News|date=2016-11-12|work=Vanguard News|access-date=2017-12-17|language=en-US}}
22. ^{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/923142/the-flaw-in-the-construction-of-eko-atlantic-island-in-lagos/|title=A 5-mile island built to save Lagos’s economy has a worrying design flaw|last=Onuoha|first=Mimi|work=Quartz|access-date=2017-12-17|language=en-US}}
23. ^{{Cite news|url=http://saharareporters.com/2017/12/02/why-eko-atlantic-city-very-bad-idea-david-damiano|title=Why Eko Atlantic City Is A Very Bad Idea By David Damiano {{!}} Sahara Reporters|last=siteadmin|date=2017-12-02|work=Sahara Reporters|access-date=2017-12-17}}
24. ^{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/923142/the-flaw-in-the-construction-of-eko-atlantic-island-in-lagos/|title=A 5-mile island built to save Lagos’s economy has a worrying design flaw|last=Onuoha|first=Mimi|work=Quartz|access-date=2017-12-17|language=en-US}}
25. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.herald.ng/lagos-flooding-eko-atlantic-city-takes-blame/|title=Lagos Flooding: Eko Atlantic City Takes The Blame ⋆ The Herald Nigeria Newspaper|date=2017-07-09|work=The Herald Nigeria Newspaper|access-date=2017-12-17|language=en-US}}
26. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.konbini.com/ng/lifestyle/lagos-experienced-worst-flood-could-still-get-worse/|title=Lagos Experienced Its Worst Flood Yet...But It Could Still Get Worse|last=Eweniyi|first=Olanrewaju|date=2017-07-10|work=Konbini Nigeria|access-date=2017-12-17|language=en-US}}
27. ^{{cite book|last1=Okorafor|first1=Nnedi|title=Lagoon|date=2014|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton Ltd.}}
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2 : Beaches of Lagos|Lagos
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