| 词条 | Parti-coloured bat |
| 释义 |
| name = Parti-coloured bat | status = LC | status_system = iucn3.1 | status_ref = [1] | image = Vespertilio murinus 2.jpg | genus = Vespertilio | species = murinus | authority = Linnaeus, 1758[1] | range_map = Vespertilio murinus range map.png | range_map_caption = Range of V. murinus in Eurasia | synonyms = Eptesicus murinus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonyms_ref = [2] }} The parti-coloured bat or rearmouse (Vespertilio murinus) is a species of vesper bat that lives in temperate Eurasia. DescriptionTheir twittering call, similar to a bird's call, are to be heard particularly in the autumn during the mating season. The parti-coloured bat has a body size of {{convert|4.8|-|6.4|cm}} with a wingspan of {{convert|26|-|33|cm|abbr=on}}, and a weight of {{convert|11|-|24|g}}.[3] Its name is derived from its fur, which has two colours. Its back (dorsal side) is red to dark-brown, with silver-white-frosted hair. The ventral side is white or grey. The ears, wings and face are black or dark brown. The wings are narrow. The ears are short, broad and roundish. The highest known age is 12 years. BehaviourThese bats hunt for their prey, for example mosquitoes, caddis flies and moths, with a wide range of ultrasonic sounds, but especially around 25–27 kHz.[4] They hunt after twilight at heights of around {{convert|20|-|40|m}}, for example in open landscape over streams and lakes and above forests or at street lights.[5] In cold weather, the bat may remain in its resting place. There is not much known about the behaviour of parti-coloured bats, as they are quite rare. Female bats live in small groups, of about 50 animals, sometimes up to several hundred adult females. In Western Europe, male groups consist of about 250 animals and are found only during the spring and early summer. These bats migrate, and flights of up to {{convert|900|km}} were found. The furthest migration was determined at {{convert|1780|km|abbr=on}}.[6] Between October and March, the bats hibernate. They hibernate alone, and can bear temperatures down to {{convert|-5|C|F}}.[7] Reproduction and birthFemales form maternity roosts during May and July and generally give birth to twins.[7] After the pups are weaned, which takes less than six weeks,[7] females leave the maternity roost. Birth of the young is in western Europe around beginning of June. DistributionThe parti-coloured bat occurs in Central and Western Europe and in Asia. Its natural habitat is mountains, steppes and forested areas, but in Western Europe, they can mainly be found in cities. The species is protected, as it is threatened by insecticides and changes in their habitat. References1. ^{{cite book |author=Carl Linnaeus |author-link=Carl Linnaeus |title=Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I |year=1758 |edition=10th |publisher=Laurentius Salvius |location=Stockholm |page=32 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/80764#page/42/mode/1up |language=Latin}} {{Vespertilioninae nav}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q232644}}2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/scientific-resources/biodiversity/uk-biodiversity/uk-species/species/vespertilio_murinus.html |title=Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758 - Parti-Coloured Bat |publisher=Natural History Museum |accessdate=16 December 2014}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bats.org.uk/publications_download.php/749/raritiesvagrants.pdf |title=Rarities and vagrants |publisher=Bat Conservation Trust |format=PDF |accessdate=16 December 2014}} 4. ^{{cite journal |author=Maja Zagmajster |year=2003 |title=Display song of parti-coloured bat Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758 (Chiroptera, Mammalia) in southern Slovenia and preliminary study of its variability |journal=Natura Sloveniae |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=27–41 |url=http://web.bf.uni-lj.si/bi/NATURA-SLOVENIAE/pdf/NatSlo_5_1_3.pdf |format=PDF}} 5. ^{{cite web |author=S. M. Swift |year= |title=Bat species in Scotland |url=http://www.snh.gov.uk/docs/C208532.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=Scottish Natural Heritage |accessdate=16 December 2014}} 6. ^1 {{IUCN |id = 22947 |taxon =Vespertilio murinus |assessor=A. M. Hutson |assessor2=F. Spitzenberger |assessor3=S. Aulagnier|assessor4=I. Coroiu |assessor5=M. Stubbe|assessor6=J. Ariunbold |assessor7=V. Buuveibaatar|assessor8=S. Dorjderem |assessor9=T. Monkhzul|assessor10=M. Otgonbaatar |display-assessors=etal |year=2008 |version=2014.3 |accessdate=16 December 2014}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web |author=Anne-Jifke Haarsma |author2=Henk Siepel |last-author-amp=yes |year=2013 |title=Macro-evolutionary trade-offs as the basis for the distribution of European bats |journal=Animal Biology |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=451–471 |url=http://www.batweter.nl/index.php/component/attachments/download/35 |format=PDF}} 15 : Vespertilio|Bats of Asia|Bats of Europe|Mammals of Russia|Mammals of Kazakhstan|Mammals of Turkey|Mammals of Azerbaijan|Mammals of Uzbekistan|Mammals of Turkmenistan|Mammals of the Middle East|Mammals of Afghanistan|Mammals of Kyrgyzstan|Mammals of Tajikistan|Mammals of Pakistan|Mammals described in 1758 |
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