Baryshev (masculine, {{lang-ru|Барышев}}) or Barysheva (feminine, {{lang-ru|Барышевa}}) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Olga Barysheva (born 1954), Russian basketball player
• Tatyana Barysheva (1896–1979), Russian Soviet actress
• Varvara Barysheva (born 1977), Russian speed skater
• Vladimir Baryshev (born 1960), Russian footballer and manager

• Microstomum
• Microstonyx
• Micro-story
• Microstreptospora cinerea
• Microstrobilus
• Microstructurally stable nanocrystalline alloys
• Micro-structure
• Microstructure of Dynamic Hedging
• Microstylis arachnifera
• Microstylis brachystachya
• Microstylis brachystachys
• Microstylis brenesii
• Microstylis caracasana
• Microstylis carpinterae
• Microstylis cogniauxiana
• Microstylis corymbosa
• Microstylis densiflora
• Microstylis discolor
• Microstylis ehrenbergii
• Microstylis elegans Ridl.
• Microstylis excavata
• Microstylis grisebachiana
• Microstylis hastilabia
• Microstylis histionantha
• Microstylis luteola