| 词条 | Basic income in the Nordic countries |
| 释义 |
Basic income (Swedish: basinkomst or medborgarlön) has been debated in the Nordic countries since the 1970s. It has mostly been seen as a radical and utopian proposal and not taken seriously by the big political parties. However, 1st of January 2017 to the 1st of January 2019 Finland conducted a basic income pilot which got international attention. There are also some political parties and some politicians and journalists in all nordic countries who are pushing for the idea of a guaranteed income. The Green parties for example, are generally interested in basic income, as well as the Pirate Parties. National debatesSwedenBasic income was debated in Sweden in the 1970s and 1980s, mostly thanks to influences from abroad, such as Milton Friedman and André Gorz. The Swedish/Danish economist Gunnar Adler-Karlsson was also influential at that time. During the 1990s the ideas came back again, for example with the polemic books by Lars Ekstrand 1995 and 1996. He criticized the full employment-ideology and argued, with reference to people such as Paul Lafargue and Aristotle, but also the Danish debate, that freedom would be a much better goal. Gunnar Wetterberg, leader in the labour Union, was perhaps the most active in the other ring-side, arguing that basic income was a threat to just about everything, but mostly jobs, growth and equality. The Green Party has flirted with the basic income idea since the start of the party, but has nevertheless not pushed for it seriously politically. However, the party congress 2015 decided that the party should work for a state investigation. None of the other political parties in the parliament is for basic income, or even basic income pilots, at the moment. But the Feminist Party (Feministiskt initiativ) and the Swedish Pirate Party (Piratpartiet) are both sympathetic to the idea. Especially the Pirates, who sees automation and technological development overall, as a key argument for basic income. FinlandAmong the bigger political parties there are nowadays three main political forces for basic income in Finland, the Green Party, the Left Party and the Centre Party. The leading advocates in Finland includes Osmo Soininvaara, Green Party, and Li Andersson (Left Party). DenmarkThe basic income-concept became known in Denmark in the late 1970s with the book Oprør fra midten. The following decades the debate continued, with some small victories for the movement, but nothing like a big break through. In the national election 2015 a new party was elected into parliament, Alternativet, which is amenable to some kind of basic income. IcelandThe basic income debate in Iceland in recent years is strongly linked to the recent rise of their Pirate Party, with Birgitta Jonsdottir as one of the front figures. History (year by year)1970s and 1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
References1. ^Enhet - official homepage {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715163241/http://www.enhet.se/ |date=15 July 2015}} {{-}}{{Basic income}}2. ^[https://archive.is/20130502225212/http://binews.org/2012/04/finland-launch-of-a-basic-income-citizens-initiative/ Finland: launch of a basic income citizens’ initiative] Basic income news (retrieved 30 January 2013) 3. ^Mutt, Valter med flera Dags för försök med basinkomst ETC 2014-09-13 (retrieved 1 April 2015) 4. ^Perkiio, Johanna Finland: the opposition leader proposes basic income pilots Basic Income Earth Network, www.basicincome.org (retrieved 1 April 2015) 5 : Basic income by country and region|Economy of Sweden|Economy of Norway|Economy of Finland|Economy of Iceland |
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