| 词条 | Basuki Tjahaja Purnama | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| honorific-prefix = | name = Basuki Tjahaja Purnama | image = Gubernur DKI Basuki TP 鐘萬學.jpg | caption = | alt = | office = 15th Governor of Jakarta | native_name = | term_start = 19 November 2014 | term_end = 9 May 2017{{efn|Acting: 1 June – 22 July 2014 and 16 October – 19 November 2014 Non-active: 9 May – 15 June 2017}} | deputy = Djarot Saiful Hidayat | predecessor = Joko Widodo | successor = Djarot Saiful Hidayat | office2 = Lieutenant Governor of Jakarta | term_start2 = 15 October 2012 | term_end2 = 19 November 2014 | governor2 = Joko Widodo | predecessor2 = Prijanto | successor2 = Djarot Saiful Hidayat | office3 = 3rd Regent of East Belitung | term_start3 = 3 August 2005 | term_end3 = 22 December 2006 | predecessor3 = Usman Saleh | successor3 = Khairul Efendi | deputy3 = Khairul Efendi | office4 = Member of People's Representative Council | constituency4 = Bangka Belitung | successor4 = Azhar Romli[1] | term_start4 = 1 October 2009 | term_end4 = 26 April 2012 | birth_name = Tjung Ban Hok 钟万学 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1966|6|29}} | birth_place = Manggar, East Belitung, Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia | death_date = | death_place = | party = PDI-P (2019–present) | otherparty = {{plainlist|
| spouse = {{marriage|Veronica Tan|6 September 1997|4 April 2018|end=divorced}}{{marriage |Puput Nastiti Devi|8 February 2019|}} | children = {{plainlist|
}} | nationality = Indonesian | parents = {{plainlist|
}} | alma_mater = {{plainlist|
}} | occupation = Politician | signature = Signature of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama.svg | signature_alt = | website = ahok.org }}Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (born 29 June 1966) is an Indonesian politician and former governor of Jakarta. He is also known by his Hakka Chinese nickname Ahok ({{zh|t=阿学|c=|s=}}), and from January 2019 has requested to be known as 'BTP'.[2] Basuki was a legislator in the Indonesian People's Representative Council and Regent of East Belitung.[3] He was elected to the House of Representatives for the 2009–2014 term but resigned in 2012 to run for the deputy governorship of Jakarta, to which he was elected. In November 2014, he became governor of Jakarta, as his predecessor Joko Widodo had become president.[4] During campaigning for re-election for Governor, allegations of blasphemy were commenced in October 2016. He was later defeated by Anies Baswedan and was then controversially jailed for insulting Islam.[5][6][7] Basuki was the second governor of Jakarta with Chinese ancestry and also the city's second Christian governor, following Henk Ngantung, who was governor from 1964-65.[8][9] Early lifeFamily and personal lifeBasuki Tjahaja Purnama (EYD: Basuki Cahaya Purnama; Chinese: {{zh|t=钟万学|p=pinyin: Zhōng Wànxué|j=Tjung Ban Hok|labels=no|first=j}}; Hakka Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chûng Van-ho̍k) was born on 29 June 1966 and grew up in Manggar, East Belitung. He is the first son of Buniarti Ningsih and the late Indra Tjahaja Purnama.[10] Basuki has three siblings: Basuri Tjahaja Purnama, Fifi Lety, and Harry Basuki. Basuki married Veronica Tan on 6 September 1997, and the couple has three children: Nicolas Sean, Natania, and Daud Albeneer.[11][12] They divorced in 2018, gaining custody of the two younger children.[13] In 2019, Basuki plans to marry Bripda Puput Nastiti Devi, a police officer who previously served as the aide of his ex-wife, Veronica Tan.[2] EducationBasuki attended Trisakti University, majoring in mineral resources and technology. He graduated with a bachelor of science degree in geological engineering in 1989 and returned to his hometown in Belitung to build a company that dealt in mining contracts. After two years of working in the company, he decided to pursue a master's degree in financial management at Prasetiya Mulya Business School in Jakarta. He graduated with a Master of Business Administration.[3] Political careerEarly involvement with politicsBasuki entered politics in his home region of Belitung. He contested the 2005 East Belitung regent election with Khairul Effendi as his running mate and was elected with 37.13% of the vote. He was hopeful Indonesia was breaking with its long and often violent history of prejudice and resentment. He is nicknamed "The Father" and "The Law" for strong actions against corruption.[14] After a month in office, Basuki confronted key issues related to traffic congestion, labor, corruption and bureaucracy. He mediated a minimum wage increase, proposed incentives for street vendors to move to designated markets in order to reduce congestion, migrated poor villagers to new flats, launched sudden inspections of government offices, and proposed installing closed circuit cameras to improve accountability.[15] 2007 Bangka-Belitung governor electionBasuki resigned from his position as East Belitung regent on 11 December 2006 in order to run in the 2007 Bangka-Belitung gubernatorial election. He later credited former Indonesian president Abdurrahman Wahid, for convincing him to run for public office.[16] Wahid supported Basuki's candidacy[17] and praised his healthcare reforms.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}} However, Basuki was defeated by Eko Maulana Ali. In 2008, Basuki wrote a biography titled Merubah Indonesia (Reforming Indonesia).[18] Parliamentary career (2009–2012)In 2009, Basuki was elected to the House of Representatives, as a Golkar politician. He was elected with 119,232 votes,[19] and was assigned to the Second Commission.[20] In 2011, he created a controversy during a visit to his local constituency. He was recorded by the local media condemning local tin mining businesses for causing environmental damage. The comment was regarded as an insult by a local youth NGO, who reported him to the House Ethics Committee.[21] Jakarta's deputy governor (2012–2014)In 2011, Basuki considered running for Jakarta governor as an independent candidate. However, he opted not to run, as he was pessimistic about his chances of receiving 250,000 signatures, a requirement for running as an independent gubernatorial candidate in Jakarta.[22] He then became the running mate of Joko Widodo in the 2012 election. The pair won 1,847,157 (42.6%) votes in the first round, and 2,472,130 (53.82%) in the second round, defeating incumbent governor Fauzi Bowo.[23][24] The ticket was nominated by the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) and the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra).[25] On 10 September 2014, Basuki left Gerindra because he opposed the party's proposal to scrap direct elections for local leaders.[26] Since then, he has been politically unaffiliated. Governorship (2014–2017)When Joko Widodo took a temporary leave from his post as Jakarta governor to campaign for President, Basuki became the acting Governor of Jakarta from 1 June to 22 July 2014.[27] Following Jokowi's victory, he succeeded him as governor and was sworn into office on 18 November 2014.[4] Jakarta governor election, 2017{{Main|Jakarta gubernatorial election, 2017}}Basuki initially had declared to run for the 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election as an independent candidate with Teman Ahok (Friends of Ahok), a group of volunteers responsible for collecting over one million Resident Identity Cards, representing over one million supporters required by Indonesian law to be eligible to run from independent ticket.[28] Due to a new state regulation that stricken independent candidate's requirements to run for gubernatorial election, Basuki is set to run from political party ticket from three political parties, who previously declared endorsements earlier in 2016.[29][30] The three political parties consisting Golkar, People's Conscience Party, and Nasdem Party.[31] On 20 September 2016, Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP) declared its support for Basuki.[32] In the first round of voting on 15 February 2017, Ahok secured passage to the second round run-off between two candidates, having secured approximately 43 percent of the vote, ahead of Anies Baswedan with 40 percent, and well ahead of Agus Yudhoyono with 17 percent.[33] Quick counts for the 19 April runoff indicated that Anies Baswedan was elected as governor; Ahok conceded defeat hours after the polls closed. The official results of the runoff was published by General Elections Commissions (KPU) in May, and Anies Baswedan was elected as the new governor of Jakarta.[34][35] Racism against AhokA candidate and a member of a minority ethnic group, Basuki has become the subject of occasional racist comments. During the 2017 gubernatorial campaign, he was regularly targeted by ultra-conservatives and supporters of rival candidates for being of Chinese descent. Furthermore, Basuki's "double minority" background, being both a Christian and of Chinese descent, makes him a target of the hardliner Islamic Defenders Front (Front Pembela Islam, FPI). The group called for the revision of the Jakarta constitution to remove some of the governor's responsibilities for government-affiliated Islamic organizations.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} On 15 March 2016, for instance, Indonesian Army General Surya Prabowo commented that Ahok should "know his place lest the Indonesian Chinese face the consequences of his action". This controversial comment was considered to hearken back to previous violence against the Indonesian Chinese.[36] Allegations of religious blasphemyIncidentOn 27 September 2016, while introducing a government project through a speech in front of citizens of the Thousand Islands, Basuki realized and acknowledged that it was understandable that some citizens would not vote for him because they were being "threatened and deceived" by some groups using Verse 51 of Al-Ma'ida and variations of it,"[37] referring to a verse that some groups have cited as grounds to oppose him.[38] The provincial government of Jakarta uploaded the video recording to YouTube in a channel which often featured Basuki's activities.[39] The video was later edited by a university lecturer, Buni Yani and one word was omitted from that video to create a misinterpretation of Basuki's statement, and went viral as some citizens were considering it an insult on the Quran.[37] The video became viral, Basuki received threats to be lynched, and widely criticized in social media such as Facebook and Twitter. There are Change.org petitions about his case. Petitions initiated by alumni of Harvard, Stanford, Washington, Berkeley, Michigan, etc. and the general public supporting him garnered tens of thousands of signatures,[40] while those criticizing him also gained tens of thousands of signatures.[39][41][42] Protests{{main|November 2016 Jakarta protests}}Some groups, like several extremist organizations including the FPI, or the local chapter of the Indonesian Ulema Council, reported Basuki to the police, accusing him blindly of having violated Indonesia's Law on Misuse and Insult of Religion.[43] On 10 October 2016, Basuki publicly apologized to those he offended with his statement, stating that it was not his intention to do so, and that some of his policies that he said had benefited Muslims, such as granting permits for Islamic schools, providing Jakarta Smart Cards (KJP) to the students, and building a mosque in the City Hall complex. He also pointed out that during his September 7 speech in the Thousand Islands in which he mentioned Surah al-Maidah, verse 51 of the Quran, the residents were not insulted, and even amused during his recitation.[44] Imam Mohammad Tawhidi of Australia made a request to defend Basuki during his blasphemy trial.[50] Tawhidi argued that the aggrieved Islamic groups had incorrectly interpreted the verse of the Quran that Basuki had allegedly referenced in a blasphemous manner.[45] Tawhidi stated that there is nothing wrong with non-Muslims leading a Muslim-majority country.[46] Tawhidi said he has received death threats from FPI.[45] TrialOn 9 May 2017, Ahok was sentenced to two years in prison by North Jakarta District Court after being found guilty of blasphemy and inciting violence. The panel of judges rejected Basuki's defense that he made reference to a Quranic verse to highlight political discrimination.[47][48][49][50] Based on the court hearing,[51] the panel of judges said that the speech by Basuki in Thousand Islands, North Jakarta on 27 September 2016[52] contained elements of blasphemy. The chief judge maintained that Ahok's statement considered the Al-Maidah verse as a tool to deceive or a source of lies. He said the verse is part of the Koran, and that anyone who quotes it should not have any intent of deception. The judges took into consideration a book Basuki had written in 2008 titled Changing Indonesia. His book was judged as proof that he understood the verse in question. They determined the word aulia in the verse could be defined as leader, thus declaring that Basuki's remarks to be degrading and insulting to the Koran. They also agreed with expert witnesses in the trial that Basuki's remarks were a blasphemous offense.[51] Because of this case, Basuki was unable to finish his term as governor of Jakarta and was replaced by his deputy, Djarot Saiful Hidayat, who was acting governor until the administration completed its term in October 2017.[53] Basuki and his lawyers decided not to appeal against the verdict. In an unusual move, the prosecutors filed an appeal against the verdict, arguing the sentence was much heavier than the 1-year imprisonment they had requested. The verdict delivered by the panel of judges was met with scrutiny, condemnation and heavy criticism by many Indonesians and observers in the international community, in a case widely seen as a test of religious tolerance and free speech. Many said the verdict was politically driven, retaliatory in nature, and the judges had succumbed to pressure from extremist Islamic groups, disgruntled corrupt business groups, and politicians and officials who were previously criticized by Basuki's administration. The promotion of three judges from the panel a few days after the verdict also raised suspicions and spurred criticism from many Indonesians.[54] AftermathBasuki's jailing has been condemned by several human rights groups, including Amnesty International. Several civil society groups protested his imprisonment. Renowned music composer and conductor Addie MS conducted a singing protest in front of the Balai Kota.[55] Candle-lit vigils were held in various cities. Many observers and individuals both inside and outside of Indonesia have also petitioned the Indonesian government to amend the blasphemy law on the basis that it is discriminatory and targets minorities.[56] Basuki initially wished to appeal his sentence, but withdrew his appeal on 22 May 2017.[57] He served his jail term at Cipinang.[58] In February 2018, he filed a case review request to the Supreme Court, with his lawyers citing a conviction for tampering with the video footage which was used as evidence against him.[59] On 26 March, the Supreme Court rejected his appeal.[60] Before his arrest, Ahok had said that one day he wanted to be president of Indonesia.[61][62] Although a parole was possible in August 2018, Ahok stated that he would serve his entire sentence before leaving prison. He was released on 24 January 2019 due to remissions granted at Indonesian Independence Day and Christmas.[63][64] Soon afterwards, he joined the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle.[65] Awards and achievements
CriticismsEviction of illegal squattersBasuki was accused by various human rights group and academics to have violated human rights in implementing his public housing programs by employing forced evictions to the illegal squatters who had been occupying public facilities & government lands, and moving them to newly-built modern public housings, improving their livelihood & living standards.[87][88][89][90] Jakarta Legal Aid Foundation noted that at least 16,000 illegal squatters families have been displaced in the two years during his administration.[91] There were 193 forced evictions alone in 2016, compared to 113 in 2015.[92] Human rights groups noted that Basuki's forced evictions were not done in accordance to the United Nations Economic and Social Council (Ecosoc) convention. The covenant is ratified by Indonesia with the issuance of Law No 11/2005.[93] One of the conditions of the covenant requires a dialogue prior to an eviction and compensation for any damaged property. Basuki also deployed police and military personnel in most of its evictions.[94] Basuki claimed that his policies only evicting illegal squatters to uphold Rule of Law, but human right groups have argued that according to Indonesian land policy, the so-called illegal squatters should have received land certificate instead for living there more than 30 years. Basuki relocated the evicted dwellers to the privately funded public housing, but the relocation has drawn criticism for not meeting basic standards of living and having a very expensive living expense. Living expenses jumped from the equivalent of about $10 to $20 a month to $70 to $100.[95] Basuki was also accused of employing double standards in the evictions. Rujak Center for Urban Studies researcher Dian Tri Irawaty said, Basuki's harsh evictions did not apply to commercial areas and elite neighborhoods in Jakarta. She cited the Taman Anggrek mall in West Jakarta, the neighborhoods and commercial areas in Kelapa Gading and Pluit in North Jakarta. Those areas were also built on water catchment areas.[96] When confronted, Basuki firmly brushed it off. He claimed that he had a different concept of human rights.[97] The leader of human rights group KontraS, Haris Azhar, criticized Basuki for this statement, claiming that his anti-corruption image was "nothing but a publicity gimmick" for Basuki's lack of awareness in human rights.[89] Notes{{Notelist}}References1. ^{{cite news|title=Azhar Romli Gantikan Ahok di DPR|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/metropolitan/2012/03/20/azhar-romli-gantikan-ahok-di-dpr|accessdate=21 May 2018|work=Tribunnews.com|date=20 March 2012|language=id-ID}} {{Governors of Jakarta}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Purnama, Basuki Cahaya}}2. ^1 [https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2019/01/24/my-dads-a-free-man-btps-son-shares-selfie-on-instagram.html ‘Call me BTP, not Ahok’], Jakarta Post, 24 January 2019 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Siapa Ahok?|url=http://ahok.org/tentang-ahok/siapa-ahok|accessdate=20 March 2012|language=Indonesian}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Ahok becomes Jakarta governor today|date=19 November 2014|work=The Jakarta Post|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/11/19/ahok-becomes-jakarta-governor-today.html}} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=Lamb|first1=Kate|title=Jakarta governor Ahok's blasphemy trial|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/12/jakarta-governor-ahoks-blasphemy-trial-all-you-need-to-know|accessdate=26 March 2018|publisher=The Guardian|date=12 December 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web|last1=Post|first1=The Jakarta|title=Ahok concedes defeat, calls on supporters to move on|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/04/19/ahok-concedes-defeat-calls-on-supporters-to-move-on.html|website=The Jakarta Post}} 7. ^{{cite news|last1=Lamb|first1=Kate|title=Jakarta governor Ahok sentenced to two years in prison for blasphemy|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/09/jakarta-governor-ahok-found-guilty-of-blasphemy-jailed-for-two-years|accessdate=14 March 2018|publisher=The Guardian|date=9 May 2017}} 8. ^{{cite news|author=Cochrane, Joe|title=An Ethnic Chinese Christian, Breaking Barriers in Indonesia|date=22 November 2014|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/23/world/asia/an-ethnic-chinese-christian-breaking-barriers-in-indonesia.html}} 9. ^Harfenist, Ethan (17 August 2014). [https://news.vice.com/article/jakarta-could-be-getting-its-first-ethnically-chinese-governor "Jakarta Could Be Getting Its First Ethnically Chinese Governor"]. Vice News. 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://profil.merdeka.com/indonesia/b/basuki-tjahaja-purnama/|title=Profil Basuki Tjahaja Purnama|date=25 November 2013|publisher=Merdeka|accessdate=13 April 2014}} 11. ^{{cite news|last1=Puspita|first1=Sherly|title=Surat Cinta Ahok untuk Veronica di Ulang Tahun Pernikahan ke-20... - Kompas.com|url=https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2017/09/08/13020081/surat-cinta-ahok-untuk-veronica-di-ulang-tahun-pernikahan-ke-20|accessdate=4 April 2018|work=KOMPAS|date=8 September 2017|language=id}} 12. ^{{cite web|title = Nicolas Sean, Anak Ahok yang Hobi Ngegame|url = http://inet.detik.com/read/2014/11/19/145725/2752977/398/nicolas-sean-anak-ahok-yang-hobi-ngegame|website = detikinet|accessdate = 15 December 2015}} 13. ^{{cite news|title=Court grants Ahok divorce petition, custody of children|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/04/04/court-grants-ahok-divorce-petition-custody-of-children.html|accessdate=4 April 2018|work=The Jakarta Post|date=4 April 2018}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=In Indonesia, ethnic Chinese see a new future|date=19 August 2012|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/in-indonesia-ethnic-chinese-see-a-new-future/2012/08/18/4befc374-e870-11e1-9739-eef99c5fb285_story.html}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=The Leaderboard: Basuki "Ahok" Tjahaja Purnama|date=27 November 2012|url=http://cogitasia.com/the-leaderboard-basuki-ahok-tjahaja-purnama/|publisher=Center for Strategic & International Studies}} 16. ^{{cite news|last1=Hodge|first1=Amanda|title=Ahok blasphemy hearing ‘a trial by mob’|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/ahok-blasphemy-hearing-a-trial-by-mob/news-story/0e0dc620e9d22459c69641c83812e7b5|accessdate=27 December 2016|work=The Australian|date=13 December 2016|quote=He credited the late Islamic scholar and former Indonesian president Abdurrahman Wahid for convincing him to run for public office in 2007 in the Muslim majority district of Bangka Belitung, and said he spoke at one of his campaign rallies about how the al Maidah verse was taken out of context.}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Dua Alasan Gus Dur Tertarik pada Ahok|url=http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2016/09/09/08472251/dua.alasan.gus.dur.tertarik.pada.ahok|website=KOMPAS.com|accessdate=27 December 2016|language=id|date=9 September 2016}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://ahok.org/berita/news/pdf-buku-merubah-indonesia/ |title=PDF Buku "Merubah Indonesia" |website=Ahok.org |date= |accessdate=24 December 2016}} 19. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=i5UP5the_QkC&pg=PA171&lpg=PA171&dq=Basuki+Tjahaja+purnama+Bangka+Belitung+DPR&source=bl&ots=nbLelAZF4K&sig=tDgHKceX9X0daWg8-9K-UoQN_qE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UjNmVO72G46nuQSgl4DABg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Basuki%20Tjahaja%20purnama%20Bangka%20Belitung%20DPR&f=false Wajah DPR dan DPD, 2009–2014: latar belakang pendidikan dan karier], Penerbit Buku Kompas, 2010, page 171 20. ^Daftar Komisi II DPR RI, Okezone, 29 October 2009 21. ^Ahok: Bela Rakyat Tapi kok dilaporkan ke BK DPR RI, PetaPolitik.Com, 20 May 2011 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.beritasatu.com/megapolitan/29121-a-hok-pesimis-lolos-cagub-independen-dki-jakarta.html |title=A Hok Pesimis Lolos Cagub Independen DKI Jakarta | Megapolitan |website=Beritasatu.com |date= |accessdate=24 December 2016}} 23. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2012/07/19/1721403/JokowiAhok.Pemenang.Pilkada.Putaran.Pertama |title=Jokowi-Ahok Pemenang Pilkada Putaran Pertama |website=Megapolitan.kompas.com |date=19 July 2012 |accessdate=24 December 2016}} 24. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2012/09/28/1724329/jokowi.basuki.menangi.pilkada.dki.putaran.ii |title=Jokowi-Basuki Menangi Pilkada DKI Putaran II |website=Megapolitan.kompas.com |date=28 September 2012 |accessdate=24 December 2016}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/03/19/jokowi-ahok-take-a-kopaja-kpud.html|title=Jokowi, Ahok take a Kopaja to KPUD|date=19 March 2012|work=The Jakarta Post|accessdate=20 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321045013/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/03/19/jokowi-ahok-take-a-kopaja-kpud.html|archive-date=21 March 2012|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 26. ^{{cite news|title=Ahok quits, coalition alarmed|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/09/11/ahok-quits-coalition-alarmed.html|accessdate=14 March 2018|publisher=The Jakarta Post|date=11 September 2014}} 27. ^{{Cite news|url=http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2014/05/31/057581396/ahok-ready-to-be-acting-governor|title=Ahok Ready to be Acting Governor|date=31 May 2014|work=Tempo|access-date=27 December 2016|via=}} 28. ^{{cite news|last1=Cochrane|first1=Joe|title=Governor of Jakarta bucks Indonesia's Party Politics|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/05/world/asia/indonesia-jakarta-governor-basuki-ahok.html?_r=0|accessdate=28 July 2016|work=The New York Times|date=4 June 2016}} 29. ^{{cite news|title=Party ticket will ensure smooth candidacy for Ahok, analyst says|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/07/28/party-ticket-will-ensure-smooth-candidacy-for-ahok-analyst-says.html|accessdate=28 July 2016|publisher=The Jakarta Post|date=28 July 2016}} 30. ^{{cite news|title=Ahok to Run With Political Parties in Jakarta Governor Race|url=http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/news/ahok-run-political-parties-jakarta-governor-race/|accessdate=28 July 2016|publisher=Jakarta Globe|date=28 July 2016}} 31. ^{{cite news|last1=Elyda|first1=Corry|title=Ahok secures ticket from political parties|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/06/24/ahok-secures-ticket-political-parties.html|accessdate=28 July 2016|publisher=The Jakarta Post|date=24 June 2016}} 32. ^{{cite news|last1=Rahmah|first1=Ghoida|title=Ahok-Djarot Diusung, Ketua RT: PDIP Khianati Rakyat Kecil|url=https://m.tempo.co/read/news/2016/09/21/231805973/ahok-djarot-diusung-ketua-rt-pdip-khianati-rakyat-kecil|accessdate=10 February 2017|work=Tempo|date=21 September 2016}} 33. ^Ahok heading for Baswedan run-off in tense Jakarta vote, Al Jazeera, 16 February 2017 34. ^{{cite news|author=Joe Cochrane|title=Jakarta Governor Concedes Defeat in Religiously Tinged Election|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/19/world/asia/jakarta-election-ahok-anies-baswedan-indonesia.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=19 April 2017|accessdate=20 April 2017}} 35. ^{{cite web|title=Jakarta’s ‘Ahok’ concedes heavy defeat in governor race|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/2088996/jakartas-ahok-concedes-heavy-defeat-governor-race|website=South China Morning Post}} 36. ^{{cite news|title=Sustaining anti-Chinese sentiment in Jakarta |date=18 March 2016 |url=http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2016/03/18/sustaining-anti-chinese-sentiment-in-jakarta/ |publisher=Australia National University |accessdate=17 April 2016}} 37. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://khazanah.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/islam-nusantara/16/10/06/oem6xe313-video-ahok-anda-dibohongi-alquran-surat-almaidah-51-viral-di-medsos|title=Video Ahok: Anda Dibohongi Alquran Surat Al-Maidah 51 Viral di Medsos|author=Sasongko, Agung|date=6 October 2016|newspaper=Republika}} 38. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-37872151|title=Basuki Tjahaja Purnama: Jakarta's governor|publisher=BBC News|date=4 November 2016}} 39. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://news.detik.com/berita/d-3315203/soal-al-maidah-51-ahok-saya-tak-berniat-melecehkan-ayat-suci-alquran|title=Soal Al Maidah 51, Ahok: Saya Tak Berniat Melecehkan Ayat Suci Alquran|author=|date=|work=detik.com|accessdate=5 November 2016}} 40. ^http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/05/03/ahok-did-not-defame-islam-harvard-alumni-petition.html 41. ^http://m.dw.com/id/berencana-bunuh-ahok-militan-isis-dihukum-6-tahun-penjara/a-35954155 42. ^https://m.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20170526082933-20-217359/video-bunuh-si-ahok-anak-dikhawatirkan-tumbuh-radikal 43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-37820572|title=UU penodaan agama dianggap diskriminatif dan tak sesuai HAM|author=|date=3 November 2016|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=5 November 2016|via=BBC}} 44. ^Wijaya, Callistasia Anggun (10 October 2016). "Ahok apologizes to Muslims for alleged defamation". 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Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 63. ^{{cite news |title=Ahok to finish his term in prison, despite possible August parole |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/07/12/ahok-to-finish-his-term-in-prison-despite-possible-august-parole.html |accessdate=20 July 2018 |work=The Jakarta Post |date=12 July 2018}} 64. ^{{cite news |title=Ahok, Jakarta's former governor, released after jail term for blasphemy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/24/ahok-jakartas-former-governor-released-after-jail-term-for-blasphemy |work=The Guardian |date=24 January 2019}} 65. ^{{cite news |last1=Mardiastuti |first1=Aditya |title=PDIP: Ahok Resmi Jadi Kader Sejak 26 Januari 2019 |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4419778/pdip-ahok-resmi-jadi-kader-sejak-26-januari-2019 |accessdate=8 February 2019 |work=detiknews |date=8 February 2019 |language=id}} 66. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://kbr.id/06-2016/wwf__dua_kali_raih_gelar_national_earth_hour_capital__jakarta_layak_dijadikan_panutan/82449.html|title=WWF: Dua Kali Raih Gelar National Earth Hour Capital, Jakarta Layak Dijadikan Panutan|website=kbr.id|accessdate=15 May 2017}} 67. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jakarta.go.id/v2/news/2016/08/dki-dapat-penghargaan-smart-city-award#.V81U9JN95N0|title=DKI Dapat Penghargaan Smart City Award - www.jakarta.go.id|first=|last=Jakarta.go.id|website=www.jakarta.go.id}} 68. ^http://www.tigapilarnews.com/2016/05/gubernur-ahok-raih-indonesia-green-awards-2016/ 69. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://news.detik.com/berita/3207797/ahok-saya-kaget-dapat-4-penghargaan-selama-ini-kami-hanya-fokus-kerja|title=Ahok: Saya Kaget Dapat 4 Penghargaan, Selama Ini Kami Hanya Fokus Kerja|first=Elza Astari|last=Retaduari|publisher=}} 70. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.metrotvnews.com/read/2016/01/24/473865/ahok-dapat-penghargaan-gusdur-awards-2016|title=Ahok Dapat Penghargaan Gusdur Awards 2016|first=metrotvnews|last=developer|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2017}} 71. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://news.detik.com/berita/2901268/bupati-banyuwangi-dapat-penghargaan-bappenas-ahok-borong-2-piala|title=Bupati Banyuwangi Dapat Penghargaan Bappenas, Ahok Borong 2 Piala|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2017}} 72. ^{{cite web|url=http://regional.kompas.com/read/2015/11/10/13575261/Ahok.Terima.Penghargaan.National.Procurement.Awards.|title=Ahok Terima Penghargaan "National Procurement Awards" - Kompas.com|first=Kompas Cyber|last=Media|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2017}} 73. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.metrosiantar.com/2015/12/10/225776/jokowi-dan-ahok-sama-sama-absen-diundangan-kpk/|title=Laman tidak ditemukan|first=|last=MetroSiantar.com|website=Metro Siantar}} 74. ^{{cite web|url=http://poskotanews.com/2016/02/28/ahok-dapat-penghargaan-warga-kehormatan-dari-basarnas/|title=Ahok Dapat Penghargaan Warga Kehormatan dari Basarnas|date=28 February 2016|website=Poskota News|accessdate=15 May 2017}} 75. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.antaranews.com/berita/517508/dki-terima-penghargaan-atas-kepedulian-terhadap-alzheimer|title=DKI terima penghargaan atas kepedulian terhadap alzheimer - ANTARA News|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2017}} 76. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/10/16/ahok-gets-2013-bung-hatta-anti-corruption-award.html|title=Ahok gets 2013 Bung Hatta Anti-Corruption Award|first=The Jakarta|last=Post|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2017}} 77. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.okezone.com/read/2014/03/22/500/959317/ahok-raih-democracy-award|title=Ahok Raih Democracy Award : Okezone News|publisher=|accessdate=15 May 2017}} 78. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.krjogja.com/web/news/read/195290/sps_beri_penghargaan_ahok_dan_deni|title=KRjogja - Paling Mengerti Jogja|website=www.krjogja.com|accessdate=15 May 2017}} 79. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kemendagri.go.id/news/2013/04/16/jokowi-raih-sindo-award-2013-ahok-jadi-tokoh-kontroversial|title=Jokowi Raih Sindo Award 2013, 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web|url=http://muri.org/parade-papan-bunga-terpanjang/|title=PARADE PAPAN BUNGA TERPANJANG|publisher=MURI|language=Indonesian|date=5 May 2017|accessdate=7 December 2017}} 85. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BTVibDUgbXn/|title=Instagram post by Sekretariat Kabinet • Apr 26, 2017 at 5:17am UTC|website=Instagram|accessdate=15 May 2017}} 86. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20171206183516-134-260629/ahok-masuk-tokoh-100-global-thinkers-2017/|title=Ahok Masuk Tokoh '100 Global Thinkers' 2017|publisher=CNN Indonesia|language=Indonesian|date=6 December 2017|accessdate=7 December 2017}} 87. ^{{cite web|title=The real reason many poor Jakartans are opposing Ahok in the gubernatorial election|work=Sydney Morning Herald|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/the-real-reason-many-poor-jakartans-are-opposing-ahok-in-the-gubernatorial-election-20170203-gu52aj.html|date=4 February 2017|accessdate=12 February 2018}} 88. ^{{cite web|title=Forced evictions getting harsher|work=The Jakarta Post|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/03/17/forced-evictions-getting-harsher.html|date=17 March 2016|accessdate=12 February 2018}} 89. ^1 {{cite web|title=Percuma Tak Korupsi Kalau Melanggar HAM|work=Youth Proactive|url=http://youthproactive.com/201603/reportase/percuma-tak-korupsi-kalau-melanggar-ham/|date=16 March 2016|accessdate=12 February 2018|language=id}} 90. ^{{cite web|title=Petruk Pengen Terus Dadi Ratu (Petruk Insists to Continue Being the King)|work=Southeast Asia Center, University of Washington|url=https://jsis.washington.edu/seac/news/petruk-pengen-terus-dadi-ratu-petruk-insists-continue-king/|date=21 April 2017|accessdate=24 February 2018|author=Romadhon, Dimas}} 91. ^{{cite web|title=Seperti Puing: Laporan Penggusuran Paksa di Wilayah DKI Jakarta Tahun 2016|work=LBH Jakarta|language=id|url=https://www.bantuanhukum.or.id/web/seperti-puing-laporan-penggusuran-paksa-di-wilayah-dki-jakarta-tahun-2016/|accessdate=12 February 2018}} 92. ^{{cite web|title=Forced evictions remain rampant in Jakarta|work=The Jakarta Post|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/04/13/forced-evictions-remain-rampant-in-jakarta-lbh-jakarta.html|date=13 April 2017|accessdate=12 February 2018}} 93. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/02/25/vast-majority-jakarta-evictions-violate-int-l-covenant-lbh-jakarta.html|work=The Jakarta Post|title=Vast majority of Jakarta evictions violate international covenant}} 94. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/02/25/police-military-criticized-supporting-red-light-district-eviction.html|work=The Jakarta Post|title=Police, military criticized for supporting red light district eviction|date=25 February 2016|accessdate=12 February 2018}} 95. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/proud-slum-residents-fight-eviction-from-floodprone-ciliwung-river-bank-20160916-grhocr.html|title=Proud slum residents fight eviction from flood-prone Ciliwung river bank|date=17 September 2016|accessdate=12 February 2018|work=Sydney Morning Herald}} 96. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/12/24/governor-ahok-defends-eviction-policy.html|work=The Jakarta Post|date=24 December 2014|access-date=12 February 2018|title=Governor Ahok defends eviction policy|first1=Dewanti A.|last1=Wardhani}} 97. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/2998358/ham-versi-ahok-untuk-melindungi-rakyat-banyak|work=DetikCom|title=HAM Versi Ahok untuk Melindungi Rakyat Banyak|date=22 August 2015|accessdate=12 February 2018}} 19 : 1966 births|Living people|Indonesian Protestants|Indonesian people of Chinese descent|Indonesian people of Hakka descent|People from Bangka-Belitung Islands|Indonesian politicians of Chinese descent|Indonesian politicians|Indonesian politicians of Hakka descent|Islam-related controversies|Governors of Jakarta|Regents of East Belitung|21st-century Indonesian politicians|People convicted of blasphemy|Indonesian prisoners and detainees|Indonesian politicians convicted of crimes|Trisakti University alumni|Vice Governors of Jakarta|Members of the People's Representative Council, 2009 |
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