| 词条 | Bata shoe factory |
| 释义 |
|name = Bata Shoe Factory (East Tilbury) |image= |caption=Bata Shoe Factory in East Tilbury, UK |built= 1932 |location= East Tilbury |co-ordinate= |industry= Footwear |products= Shoes |employees= 4,000 |architect=František Lydie Gahura & Vladimír Karfík |style=Modernist |area= |volume= |address=Princess Margaret Road, East Tilbury, RM18 1 |defunct=2005 }} The Bata shoe factory in East Tilbury is what remains of an industrial estate in Essex, England, which produced shoes for over 70 years. Founded in 1932 by Tomáš Baťa, the factory was "one of the most important planned landscapes in the East of England" in the 20th Century.[1][2] The factory closed in 2005. BackgroundBata Shoes was founded in 1894 by Tomáš Baťa in Zlín (then Austro-Hungarian Empire, today the Czech Republic).[3] After the plea of a Tilbury clergyman to alleviate unemployment during the Great Depression[4] and in part to overcome customs tariffs on foreign products,[3] construction began in 1932 on the Bata shoe factory in East Tilbury.[4] For the remaining years of the 20th century, the factory was an economic force in the Tilbury area and provided a unique model of a Company town in Britain complete with worker housing, schools and entertainment.[5]ArchitectureIn 1933 the first "Bata houses" for workers were built, set among gardens in a chequerboard pattern, which were distinct from the more typical Victorian terraced housing in the area.[5] The factory's architecture "predates" and "perhaps eclipses" other British examples of modernist architecture such as Highpoint I or the Isokon building, according to The Guardian.[4] Built of welded steel columns, roof trusses and reinforced concrete walls, the estate's buildings were quite atypical of other red-bricked and sloped-roofed London suburbs.[6][2] All the social needs of the workforce were met by the factory,[7] and "Bata-ville" had all the services of a normal town, including a theatre, sports facilities, hotel, restaurant, grocery and butcher shops, post office, and its own newspaper.[4] The Czech architects František Lydie Gahura and Vladimír Karfík were employed to design the buildings on the site.[8] World War IIThe German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1938 caused turmoil for Bata Shoes generally but the factory in East Tilbury thrived and "British Bata" was born.[9] As male factory workers were called to arms, their wives often took over their jobs.[5] While in the armed forces, employees received the company newspaper, the Bata Record, along with food and cigarette parcels. At least 81 Bata employees from the Tilbury factory died in the war.[5] After the war, Bata's home office and other facilities throughout eastern Europe were nationalised by communist regimes.[3] Latter years and demiseThe Bata factory in East Tilbury remained in steady use for over 70 years, but production was gradually shifted to facilities closer to its export markets in the 1960s.[4] Factory downsizing began in the 1980s and the Bata industrial estate was closed in 2005.[2][4] "The East Tilbury (Bata) Conservation Area" was designated in 1993 by Thurrock Council and includes a Grade II listed building.[2][10] LegacyThe factory inspired the documentary film Bata-ville: We Are Not Afraid of the Future.[11][12] The Bata Reminiscence and Resource Centre at East Tilbury Library was set up to collect the memories of people who lived and worked within the British Bata community. In June 2011, an interactive trail was launched as an iPhone app known as Thurrock Mobile Explorer. This describes a route around the Bata estate and provides information about the history as well as environment at numbered points.[13] In October 2016, a site-specific play Not Afraid Of The Future was developed by East 15 Acting School students about the lives of people who lived and worked in the town surrounding the factory. The play was performed in and around East Tilbury, finishing at the village hall.[14][15] PeopleJan Tůša, the father of BBC journalist and presenter John Tusa helped design and build the Tilbury factory, and rose to become managing director of the British Bata company. The Tusa family lived in nearby Horndon on the Hill, from 1939, though John Tusa was born in Czechoslovakia.[16] See also
Notes1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.erih.net/nc/countries/detail.html?user_erihobjects_pi2%5Bmode%5D=1&user_erihobjects_pi2%5Bpointer%5D=0&user_erihobjects_pi2%5BshowUid%5D=15646&user_erihobjects_pi2%5Bcountry%5D=4&user_erihobjects_pi2%5Bregionalroute%5D=0&user_erihobjects_pi2%5BanchorOnly%5D=0&user_erihobjects_pi2%5BmembersOnly%5D=0 |title=Bata Factory and Estate |publisher=European Route of Industrial Heritage |accessdate=20 April 2011}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |last=Vaughan |first=David |url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/special/east-tilbury-a-czech-modernist-utopia-on-the-thames-marshes |title=East Tilbury: A Czech modernist Utopia on the Thames marshes|publisher=rozhlas.cz |date=27 August 2006 |accessdate=20 April 2011}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.bata.com/us/about_us/heritage/heritage_1894_now.php |title=Heritage: 1894-Now |publisher=Bata |year=2011|accessdate=20 April 2011}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |last=Rose |first=Steve |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2006/jun/19/architecture |title=Welcome to Bata-ville |work=The Guardian |date=19 June 2006|accessdate=20 April 2011}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.batamemories.org.uk/MAIN/ENG/00-EN-Pages/00-EN-HOME.html |title=Bata Reminiscence and Resource Centre |accessdate=20 April 2011 |publisher=Bata| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110515003603/http://www.batamemories.org.uk/MAIN/ENG/00-EN-Pages/00-EN-HOME.html| archivedate= 15 May 2011 | deadurl= no}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-505018-bata-industrial-building-number-12-tilbu |title=Bata Industrial Building Number 12, Tilbury|publisher=British Listed Buildings |accessdate=21 April 2011}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MEX1032994&resourceID=1001 |title=Bata Estate – Factory and Model Settlement |publisher=Heritage Gateway |year=2006 |accessdate=21 April 2011}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MEX1032994&resourceID=1001 |title=Bata Estate – Factory and Model Settlement |publisher=Heritage Gateway |year=2006 |accessdate=15 January 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web |last=Tusa |first=John |url=http://www.essex.ac.uk/burrows/2003_transcript.aspx |title=The Burrows Lecture: 2003 |publisher=University of Essex |date=21 May 2003 |accessdate=21 April 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208034951/http://www.essex.ac.uk/burrows/2003_transcript.aspx |archivedate=8 February 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thurrock.gov.uk/planning/environment/pdf/con_appraisal_etilbury.pdf |title=East Tilbury Conservation Area: Character Appraisal |date=March 2007|publisher=Thurrock Council |accessdate=21 April 2011}} 11. ^Road film follows shoe empire" BBC News 28 August 2005 12. ^https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0495576/ 13. ^Thurrock Gazette report 14. ^[https://www.facebook.com/events/329876610704478/?ti=cl] 15. ^ 16. ^Lecture by John Tusa {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208034951/http://www.essex.ac.uk/burrows/2003_transcript.aspx |date=8 February 2012 }} External links
5 : Bata (company)|Grade II listed buildings in Essex|Buildings and structures in Essex|Buildings and structures in Thurrock|Defunct retail companies of the United Kingdom |
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