“Passer rating”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Passer rating in the NFL is on a scale from 0 to 158.3. Passing efficiency in college football is on a scale from −731.6 to 1261.6.

History

Before the development of the passer rating, the NFL struggled with how to crown a passing leader. In the mid-1930s, it was the quarterback with the most passing yardage. From 1938 to 1940, it was the quarterback with the highest completion percentage. In 1941, a system was created that ranked the league's quarterbacks relative to their peers' performance. Over the next thirty years the criteria used to crown a passing leader changed several times, but the ranking system made it impossible to determine a quarterback's rank until all the other quarterbacks were done playing that week, or to compare quarterback performances across multiple seasons. In 1971, NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle asked the league's statistical committee to develop a better system.^[3] The committee was headed by Don Smith of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, Seymour Siwoff of the Elias Sports Bureau, and NFL executive Don Weiss. Smith and Siwoff established passing performance standards based on data from all qualified pro football passers between 1960 and 1970, and used those data to create the passer rating. The formula was adopted by the NFL in 1973.^[2]

NFL and CFL formula

The NFL passer rating formula includes four variables: completion percentage, yards per attempt, touchdowns per attempt, and interceptions per attempt. Each of those variables is scaled to a value between 0 and 2.375, with 1.0 being statistically average (based on league data between 1960–1970). When the formula was first created, a 66.7 rating indicated an average performance, and a 100+ rating indicated an excellent performance.^[3] However, passing performance has improved steadily since then and in 2017 the league average rating was 88.6.^[4]

If the result of any calculation is greater than 2.375, it is set to 2.375. If the result is a negative number, it is set to zero.

NCAA formula

The NCAA passing efficiency formula is similar to that of the NFL passer rating, but does not impose limits on the four components:^[5]

The NCAA passer rating has an upper limit of 1,261.6 (every attempt is a 99-yard completion for touchdown), and a lower limit of −731.6 (every attempt is completed, but results in a 99-yard loss). A passer who throws only interceptions will have a −200 rating, as would a passer who only throws completed passes losing an average of 35.714 yards.

Advantages

In 2011, Sports Illustrated published an article by Kerry Byrne of Cold Hard Football Facts highlighting the importance of passer rating in determining a team's success.^[6] "Put most simply," the article states, "you cannot be a smart football analyst and dismiss passer rating. In fact, it's impossible to look at the incredible correlation of victory to passer rating and then dismiss it. You might as well dismiss the score of a game when determining a winner. [...] Few, if any, are more indicative of wins and losses than passer rating. Teams that posted a higher passer rating went 203–53 (.793) in 2010 and an incredible 151–29 (.839) after Week 5." Byrne made an expanded defense of the passer rating and its importance for the Pro Football Researchers Association in 2012.^[7] The study noted that of the eight teams since 1940 to lead the league in both offensive passer rating and defensive passer rating, all won championships.^[8]

Records

NFL

Wide receiver Antwaan Randle El, with a passer rating of 157.5 from 21 completed passes of a possible 26, has the highest career rating of any non-QB with more than twenty attempts.^[11] Ben Roethlisberger holds the record for the most games with a perfect passer rating (4). As of 2012, 61 NFL quarterbacks have completed a game with a perfect passer rating of 158.3, and seven have done so multiple times. Phil Simms holds the record for the highest passer rating in a Super Bowl, at 150.92 in Super Bowl XXI.

NCAA

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite web | url=http://www.nfl.com/help/quarterbackratingformula | title=NFL.com – NFL Quarterback Rating Formula | accessdate=August 6, 2011 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814052052/http://www.nfl.com/help/quarterbackratingformula | archivedate=August 14, 2011 | df= }}
2. ^¹{{cite web|title=NFL's Passer Rating|date=January 1, 2005|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/history/release.aspx?release_id=1303|website=Pro Football Hall of Fame Official Site|publisher=NFL|accessdate=December 27, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003213325/http://www.profootballhof.com/history/release.aspx?release_id=1303|archivedate=October 3, 2015|df=}}
3. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.bluedonut.com/qbrating.htm|title=QB Rating story / GQ magazine / by Don Steinberg|author=|date=|website=bluedonut.com|accessdate=April 29, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918021025/http://www.bluedonut.com/qbrating.htm|archivedate=September 18, 2013|df=}}
4. ^{{cite web|last1=SteelersFan|first1=Tim|date=July 23, 2009|title=Did NFL Passer Ratings Spike in 2004 Or Have They Risen Steadily?|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/222790-did-nfl-passer-ratings-spike-in-2004-or-standardly-evolve|website=bleacher report|publisher=Bleacher Report, Inc|accessdate=December 27, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20161228042801/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/222790-did-nfl-passer-ratings-spike-in-2004-or-standardly-evolve|archivedate=December 28, 2016|df=}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://football.stassen.com/pass-eff/ |title=NCAA and NFL Passing Efficiency computation |publisher=Football.stassen.com |date= |accessdate=November 15, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110083943/http://football.stassen.com/pass-eff/ |archivedate=November 10, 2011 |df= }}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.si.com/more-sports/2011/08/03/defending-qb-rating|title=Kerry J. Byrne: In defense of passer rating|author=|date=|website=si.com|accessdate=April 29, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20171211112151/https://www.si.com/more-sports/2011/08/03/defending-qb-rating|archivedate=December 11, 2017|df=}}
7. ^Cold Hard Football Facts: 40 and Fabulous: in praise of passer rating {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817080016/http://www.coldhardfootballfacts.com/content/40-and-fabulous-praise-passer-rating/14959/ |date=August 17, 2012 }}
8. ^1941 Bears, 1943 Bears, 1949 Eagles, 1955 Browns, 1958 Colts, 1959 Colts, 1966 Packers, and 1996 Packers
9. ^{{cite web|title=Player Game Finder Query Results|url=http://pfref.com/tiny/ZyTri|website=Pro Football Reference|accessdate=November 27, 2018}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Player Game Finder Query Results|url=http://pfref.com/tiny/aFdHe|website=Pro Football Reference|accessdate=November 27, 2018}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/writers/peter_king/11/14/monday-morning-qb-week-10/3.html|title=Patriots? Jets? Giants? There are no super NFL teams this season|last=King|first=Peter|date=November 15, 2010|publisher=Sports Illustrated|accessdate=January 6, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207151242/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/writers/peter_king/11/14/monday-morning-qb-week-10/3.html|archivedate=December 7, 2010|df=}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=2011 Football Bowl Subdivision Records|url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/2011/FBS.pdf|publisher=NCAA|accessdate=September 5, 2011|page=7|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69YIYte3I?url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/2011/FBS.pdf|archivedate=July 30, 2012|df=}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/tua-tagovailoa-1.html|title= Tua Tagovailoa College Stats - College Football at Sports-Reference.com|author=|date=|website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com|accessdate=January 14, 2019|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/tua-tagovailoa-1.html|archivedate=January 14, 2019|df=}}