| 词条 | Battle of Ctesiphon (263) |
| 释义 |
|conflict=Battle of Ctesiphon (263) |partof=the Roman–Persian Wars |image= |caption= |date=263 |place=Ctesiphon, (present day Iraq) |casus= |territory= |result=Sasanian victory[1][2][3] |combatant1=Sasanian Empire |combatant2=Palmyrene kingdom Roman Empire |commander1=Shapur I |commander2=Odaenathus |strength1=Unknown |strength2=Unknown |casualties1=Unknown |casualties2=Unknown }}{{Campaignbox Roman-Persian Wars}}{{Campaignbox Crisis of the Third Century}}The Battle of Ctesiphon took place in 263 between the Sassanid Empire and Palmyrene army under the Palmyrene king Odaenathus (Palmyra was then an allied state of Rome and officially part of the latter Empire).[4][5][6] Following the Sasanians' defeat and loss of Syria and Cappadocia to the Roman Empire at the hands of Odaenathus and Balista; The Palmyrene monarch invaded Mesopotamia and stood at the walls of Ctesiphon and devastated the region around it, however he could not conquer it.[7][8][9] The logistical problems of fighting in enemy territory forced the Palmyrenes to leave the siege carrying with them numerous prisoners and booty.[5] The prisoners were sent to Rome, enabling the Roman emperor Gallienus to hold a triumph.[10] References1. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=oRyDnAwJCTwC&pg=PA214 Who's Who in the Roman World] by John Hazel {{AncientRome-battle-stub}}{{Sasanian-stub}}2. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=QybaAAAAMAAJ&q=odaenathus+ctesiphon++walls&dq=odaenathus+ctesiphon++walls&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6_yQUOWbKaKS0QWu-YCICg&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBg Babylonia Judaica in the Talmudic Period] by A'haron Oppenheimer, Benjamin H. Isaac, Michael Lecker 3. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=H4YVAQAAMAAJ&q=odaenathus+ctesiphon+failed&dq=odaenathus+ctesiphon+failed&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zP-QUIeUOKPD0QXEtYH4Cw&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBA The New Encyclopædia Britannica] 4. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E5yCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA159|title= Rome's Eastern Trade: International Commerce and Imperial Policy 31 BC - AD 305|author=Gary K. Young|page= 159|year= 2003}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BdcHK8Ll1jMC&pg=PA172|title=Das palmyrenische Teilreich|author= Udo Hartmann|page= 172|year= 2001|language= de}} 6. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lNV6-HsUppsC&pg=RA4-PA156|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome, Volume 7|author=Michael Gagarin|page= 156|year= 2009}} 7. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=oRyDnAwJCTwC&pg=PA214 Who's Who in the Roman World] by John Hazel 8. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=QybaAAAAMAAJ&q=odaenathus+ctesiphon++walls&dq=odaenathus+ctesiphon++walls&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6_yQUOWbKaKS0QWu-YCICg&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBg Babylonia Judaica in the Talmudic Period] by A'haron Oppenheimer, Benjamin H. Isaac, Michael Lecker 9. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=H4YVAQAAMAAJ&q=odaenathus+ctesiphon+failed&dq=odaenathus+ctesiphon+failed&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zP-QUIeUOKPD0QXEtYH4Cw&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBA The New Encyclopædia Britannica] 10. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DqMrR29Cc7MC&pg=PA71#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Empress Zenobia: Palmyra s Rebel Queen|author=Pat Southern|page= 71|year= 2008}} 7 : 263|Battles involving the Roman Empire|Battles of the Roman–Sasanian Wars|260s in the Roman Empire|3rd century in Iran|260s conflicts|Sieges of Ctesiphon |
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