| 词条 | Battle of Grudziądz (1659) |
| 释义 |
|conflict=Battle of Grudziądz |image= |caption= |partof=the Second Northern War and The Deluge |date= August 29–30, 1659 |place=Grudziądz, Poland |result=Polish victory |combatant1= Sweden |combatant2= Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |commander1=Johann Puchert |commander2=Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski Krzysztof Grodzicki |strength1=500 soldiers 500 armed townspeople 30 cannons and 2-3 mortars[1] |strength2=12,600 men 30-40 cannons[1] |casualties1=200 killed[3] 300-400 captured[1] |casualties2=50[1] }}{{Campaignbox The Deluge}}{{Campaignbox Second Northern War}} The 1659 Battle of Grudziądz took place in the Polish town of Grudziądz ({{lang-de|Graudenz}}) during the Swedish Deluge ({{lang-pl|Potop szwedzki}}),[2] around 29–30 August 1659.[3] Polish forces were commanded either by hetman Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski or general Krzysztof Grodzicki (sources vary). The battle ended with the Polish victory, after a week-long siege; however much of the city was destroyed in a fire. BackgroundSwedes had taken Grudziądz on December 13, 1655,[4] after their failed attempt at conquering Denmark followed by the subsequent march along the Baltic coast.[9] The Swedish troops of King Charles X,[5] went on to build additional fortifications in the town, which were later inspected by the king himself, on his tour of the south coast of the Baltic sea.[11] Polish hetman Stefan Czarniecki – Field Hetman of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom – arrived in Pomorze at the beginning of 1657 with an armed force of about 6,000 cavalrymen ready for the defence of the region, which was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ruled by the Polish King John II Casimir (1648–1668). The battle was fought by the entrenched Swedish units in the town and the surrounding Polish army.[9] BattleAlong with Stefan Czarniecki arrived the Polish Prince Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski – Field Crown Hetman since 1658, who approached Grudziądz fortress in mid-August.[9] (While some sources name Lubomirski the commander,[5][9][6] others name general Krzysztof Grodzicki).[7][8][9][10] Poles gave the Swedes an opportunity to surrender, but expecting to be relieved, they refused.[11] After a week-long siege the Poles defeated the Swedes on 29–30 August 1659.[9] Much of the city was destroyed in a fire.[12] The campaign was won also thanks to the devotion of local government (Starostwo) and Marie Louise Gonzaga who raised the sum of 1,415 Polish zloty to pay for the maintenance of the army.[13] Notes and references1. ^1 2 3 Marcin Gawęda, Od Beresteczka do Cudnowa. Działalność wojskowa Jerzego Sebastiana Lubomirskiego w latach 1651–1660, Infort Editions, Zabrze - Tarnowskie Góry 2014, p 270-276, {{ISBN|978-83-64023-29-3}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Battle of Grudziadz (1659)}}2. ^Frost, Robert I (2004). After the Deluge. Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655–1660. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History. Cambridge University Press; p. 3. {{ISBN|0-521-54402-5}}. 3. ^{{cite book|author1=Tomasz Gąsowski|author2=Jerzy Ronikier|author3=Zdzisław Zblewski|title=Bitwy polskie: leksykon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OMsAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=27 June 2012|year=1999|publisher=Wydawn. Znak|isbn=978-83-7006-787-8|page=151}} 4. ^{{cite web | url=http://grudziadz.pl/pl/historicalcalendar/content/218 | title=Szwedzi zdobywają miasto | publisher=Urząd Miasta Grudziądza (the Official Portal of the City) | accessdate=July 3, 2012}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Emil Kierski|title=Starozytności polskie: Ku wygodzie czytelnika porządkiem abecadłowym zebrane|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9boDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA343|accessdate=27 June 2012|year=1842|publisher=Nakładem księgarni J.K. Zupańskiego|page=343}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Władysław Konopczyński|title=Dzieje Polski nowożytnej|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EL9BAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=28 June 2012|year=1986|publisher=Instytut Wydawniczy Pax|isbn=978-83-211-0730-1|page=29}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Jan Wimmer|title=Wojna polsko-szwedzka, 1655–1660|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KCIBAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=28 June 2012|year=1973|publisher=Wydawn. Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej|page=108}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Jędrzej Moraczewski|title=Starożytności polskie: Ku wygodzie czytelnika porządkiem abecadłowym zebrane|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEQhAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA42|accessdate=28 June 2012|year=1842|publisher=Nakł. Księg. J.K. Żupańskiego|page=42}} 9. ^{{cite book|author1=Janina Chodera|author2=Feliks Kiryk|title=Słownik biograficzny historii Polski: A-K|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QToXAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=28 June 2012|year=2005|publisher=Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich|isbn=978-83-04-04856-0|page=488}} 10. ^{{cite book|author=Paweł Jasienica|title=Rzeczpospolita obojga narodów: Calamitatis regnum|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-f5EAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=28 June 2012|year=1986|publisher=Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy|page=187}} 11. ^{{cite book|author=Karol Milewski|title=Pamiątki historyczne krajowe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z_kRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA143|accessdate=28 June 2012|year=1848|publisher=Nakład i druk S. Orgelbranda|page=143}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://svdgg.republika.pl/nowa/layout/foto_galeria/okolice/glowna_pliki/foto_duze/photo3.html |title=Grudziądz – historia |publisher=Svdgg.republika.pl |date= |accessdate=2012-06-27}} 13. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web | url=http://sportwswieciu.pl/Zamek.html | title=Zamek w Świeciu podczas potopu szwedzkiego | publisher=Ośrodek kulturalny w Świeciu | work=Dzieje zamku wodnego | accessdate=June 27, 2012}} 6 : Battles involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Conflicts in 1659|Grudziądz|Battles involving Sweden|1659 in Europe|Second Northern War |
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