| 词条 | Battle of Hodów |
| 释义 |
|conflict = Battle of Hodów |partof = the Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699) |image = |caption = |date = 11 June 1694 |place = Hodów, Kingdom of Poland |coordinates = |map_type = |latitude = |longitude = |map_size = |map_marksize = |map_caption = |map_label = |territory = |result = Polish victory |status = |combatant1 = Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |combatant2 = Crimean Khanate |commander1 = Konstanty Zaborowski Mikołaj Tyszkowski Jan Witosławski |commander2 = unknown |units1 = |units2 = |strength1 = 400[1][2][3] |strength2 = ~40,000[4][5] |casualties1 = Fewer than 100[6][7] |casualties2 = 1000–2000[8] |notes = |campaignbox = }} The Battle of Hodów was a battle between the Kingdom of Poland and Crimean Khanate forces, fought in June 1694 in the Ruthenian Voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, near the village of Hodów (now in Zboriv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine). Often it is called Polish Thermopylae, like the Battle of Wizna. PreludeIn June 1694 Tatar Muslims forces invaded Polish territory with the aim to pillage the countryside and capture prisoners for ransom. The Polish forces sent to stop them consisted of 7 chorągwie of hussars and pancerni from the Trenches of the Holy Trinity (Okopy Świętej Trójcy) and The Redoubt of Virgin Mary (Szaniec Panny Marii) strongholds, approximately four hundred men in total;[9] historian Mirosław Nagielski estimates 100 hussars and 300 pancerni.[10] Tatar numbers were estimated at twenty-five to seventy thousand, with forty thousand being the most commonly quoted figure.[11] John III Sobieski, the king of Poland at the time, also mentioned the figure of forty thousand.[12] BattleThe first encounter took place on the fields near Hodów. The Polish cavalry charged the 700-strong Tatar vanguard and made them withdraw. Shortly afterwards Polish forces retreated to Hodów village due to overwhelming enemy numbers, and proceeded to fortify themselves using heavy wooden fences left there from earlier Tatar invasions. For the next 6 hours Polish troops resisted relentless Tatar attacks. Even after the Polish ran out of bullets, they continued to fire at the enemy, using Tatar arrows as improvised ammunition for their guns.[13] AftermathUnable to defeat the Poles, Tatars sent Polish-speaking Lipka Tatars to convince the Polish troops to surrender.[14] When the Polish commander replied "Come and get us if you can", the Tatars withdrew to Kamieniec Podolski and gave up on the entire invasion, having gained nearly nothing despite large troop losses and vast numerical advantage. NotesKing John III Sobieski made use of this outstanding victory to raise army morale: he paid generous compensation to those who lost their horses, financed treatment of wounded and rewarded those who captured enemy soldiers. In 1695 he also commissioned a statue commemorating the battle. This monument survived into modern times and was renewed in the summer of 2014, then officially unveiled during the celebration of 320th anniversary of the Battle, on 25 October 2014.[15] See also
References1. ^J.Wimmer. Materiały do zagadnienia organizacji i liczebności armii koronnej w latach 1690–1696. In: Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Wojskowości. 1963, tom IX/1, pp. 237–275. 2. ^Mirosław Nagielski [https://www.msz.gov.pl/resource/82082405-3b4f-4d07-bd96-d15df050470d:JCR Hodów 1694-2014. Ostatnie zwycestwo husarii w dawnym stylu] Bellona 1/2015, pp. 229-233 3. ^Sikora R., Niezwykłe bitwy i szarże husarii, Warszawa 2011. 4. ^Mirosław Nagielski [https://www.msz.gov.pl/resource/82082405-3b4f-4d07-bd96-d15df050470d:JCR Hodów 1694-2014. Ostatnie zwycestwo husarii w dawnym stylu] Bellona 1/2015, pp. 229-233 5. ^Sikora R., Niezwykłe bitwy i szarże husarii, Warszawa 2011. 6. ^Mirosław Nagielski [https://www.msz.gov.pl/resource/82082405-3b4f-4d07-bd96-d15df050470d:JCR Hodów 1694-2014. Ostatnie zwycestwo husarii w dawnym stylu] Bellona 1/2015, pp. 229-233 7. ^Sikora R., Niezwykłe bitwy i szarże husarii, Warszawa 2011. 8. ^Mirosław Nagielski [https://www.msz.gov.pl/resource/82082405-3b4f-4d07-bd96-d15df050470d:JCR Hodów 1694-2014. Ostatnie zwycestwo husarii w dawnym stylu] Bellona 1/2015, pp. 229-233 9. ^Sarnecki K., Pamiętniki z czasów Jana Sobieskiego, tom 1, opr. J. Woliński, Wrocław 2004. 10. ^Mirosław Nagielski [https://www.msz.gov.pl/resource/82082405-3b4f-4d07-bd96-d15df050470d:JCR Hodów 1694-2014. Ostatnie zwycestwo husarii w dawnym stylu] Bellona 1/2015, pp. 229-233 11. ^Poznajemy. Bitwy polskie, Polen 2011. 12. ^Sikora R., Niezwykłe bitwy i szarże husarii, Warszawa 2011. 13. ^Sikora R., Niezwykłe bitwy i szarże husarii, Warszawa 2011. 14. ^Mała Encyklopedia Wojskowa, p.r. J. Bordziłowski, tom. 1, Warszawa 1967 15. ^Report from the celebration of the 320th anniversary of the Battle of Hodów and the unveiling of renewed monument of the Battle, Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Ukraine, 3.11.2014 External links
3 : Battles involving Poland|Battles involving the Crimean Khanate|History of Moldavia (1504–1711) |
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