| 词条 | Battle of James Island (1865) |
| 释义 |
|conflict = Battle of James Island {{small|Skirmish at James Island}} |partof = the Campaign of the Carolinas |date = {{Start date|1865|2|10}} |place = James Island, South Carolina |result = Inconclusive |combatant1 = {{flagicon|USA|1865}} United States (Union) |combatant2 = {{flagicon|CSA|1863}} CSA (Confederacy) |commander1 = Alexander Schimmelfennig |commander2 = Major Edward Manigault |strength1 = 1,200[1] |strength2 = 308 (161 engaged)[1] |casualties1 = 20 killed 76 wounded[2] |casualties2 = 20 killed 70 wounded[2] |campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Campaign of the Carolinas}} }} The Battle of James Island (also known as the Skirmish at James Island) was a minor skirmish near the end of the American Civil War. It was known as the "Last fight for Charleston".[2] BackgroundSince the fall of Morris Island in 1863 no major offensive had been carried out against Charleston. Several small skirmishes and expeditions were carried out against James Island and Johns Island. On February 10, 1865 Union troops from the Northern District of the Department of the South under Brigadier General Alexander Schimmelfennig made one final expedition to James Island. Confederate Major Edward Manigault of the South Carolina Siege Train (Manigault's Battalion) commanded a small force manning rifle pits on the southern edge of James Island at Grimball's Causeway. BattleEarly on the morning of February 10, four Union gunboats shelled the Confederate rifle pits while General Schimmelfennig's troops began their landing. The 144th New York Infantry led the main attack against the center of the Confederate line along the causeway. At the same time the 54th New York Infantry made a charge against the right flank of the Confederate line. Manigault detached a small force from the 2nd South Carolina Artillery along the causeway to reinforce the right. The attack of the 144th New York began to falter but the flank attack succeeded and the Confederates began to give way.[1] Major Manigault was severely wounded and taken prisoner during the fighting.[3] The official records reported that his leg required amputation and he died as a result, although in fact the major survived.[4] The Union forces occupied the Confederate rifle pits following the skirmish. AftermathThe battle proved to be inconclusive when both sides eventually withdrew after making no significant gains.[2] As Union General William T. Sherman’s army moved through South Carolina, the Confederate forces evacuated Charleston. Then on February 18, Schimmelfennig accepted the city's surrender from the mayor.[5][6] ForcesUnion[7]1st Separate Brigade: Brigadier General Alexander Schimmelfennig
See also
References1. ^1 2 Ripley, Warren, Siege Train: The Journal of a Confederate Artilleryman in the Defense of Charleston (1986) [https://www.amazon.com/Siege-Train-Confederate-Artilleryman-Charleston/dp/1570031274/ref=sr_sp-atf_image_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1375566967&sr=8-1&keywords=Siege+Train%3A+The+Journal+of+a+Confederate+Artilleryman+in+the+Defense+of+Charleston#reader_1570031274 p. 245] 2. ^1 2 3 Sutherland p. 719 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://wmhms.homestead.com/WMHMS_history2ndSCHA.html|title=History|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719052715/http://wmhms.homestead.com/WMHMS_history2ndSCHA.html|archivedate=July 19, 2015}} 4. ^Lewis, Catherine, Horry County, South Carolina 1730-1993 (1998) [https://books.google.com/books?id=-dUfVeiy4yIC&pg=PA172&lpg=PA172&dq=Major+Edward+Manigault&source=bl&ots=iWQfhDK__Z&sig=6cmfvsLLVtRtOlMQ-U7SLEzKbSk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JXr9UaLBI5DPigKQ44DABQ&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Major%20Edward%20Manigault&f=false p. 172] 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nwherald.com/2013/02/11/on-this-day-union-army-accepts-charlestons-surrender/cvm2949/|title=On this day: Union army accepts Charleston’s surrender|work=Northwest Herald}} 6. ^Coffee p. 369 7. ^Ripley, p. 244 8. ^Ripley, p. 247 Further reading
4 : 1865 in South Carolina|Battles of the American Civil War in South Carolina|Campaign of the Carolinas|February 1865 events |
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