| 词条 | Battle of Zabadani (2012) |
| 释义 |
|conflict =Battle of Zabadani (2012) |partof =the 2011-12 Damascus clashes of the Early insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War and Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian Civil War |image = |caption =Funeral in Zabadani |date =7–18 January 2012 (First phase) 4–11 February 2012 (Second phase) |place =Zabadani, Rif Dimashq, Syria |coordinates = |map_type =Syria |map_relief = yes |latitude = |longitude = |map_size =290 |map_marksize = |map_caption = |map_label = |territory = |result =FSA/rebel victory after the first phase. Syrian Army victory after the second phase
|status = |combatant1 = Syrian opposition
|combatant2 ={{flagicon|Syria|23px}} Ba'athist Syria
|commander1 = Abu Adnan Muhammad Adnan Zaitoun{{Citation needed|date=March 2018}} |commander2 = Unknown |units1 = Hamza bin Abdulmuttalib Battalion |units2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Army.svg}} 3rd Division
|units3 = |strength1 =250 FSA soldiers[5] |strength2 =1,000 soldiers 300 armored vehicles, 100 tanks[8] (2nd phase) (opposition claim) |casualties1 =80+ killed{{Citation needed|date=May 2014}} |casualties2 =30[6] – 40[7] killed (opposition claim) |casualties3 =22 civilians killed (first phase) 100 killed (second phase) |notes = |campaignbox ={{Campaignbox Syrian Civil War}} }}{{campaignbox Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian Civil War}}{{Campaignbox Rif Dimashq Campaign}} The Battle of Zabadani (2012) took place in January through February 2012, during the Syrian Civil War. During the initial stages of the battle, the rebel FSA took control of the town. However, less than a month later, the Army retook control of Zabadani, forcing rebel fighters to withdraw towards the Lebanese border. BattleFirst phaseThe battle began when the city was stormed by the Syrian army on 7 January 2012. This operation followed large-scale anti-government protests in the city and in the wider Rif Dimashq Governorate. An anti-government activist group claimed that 12 civilians including three children were killed when the town was bombarded by tanks in the initial operation.[8] Zabadani was once again stormed by the Syrian army on 13 January. However, their attack was repelled by the Free Syrian Army (FSA), which held control of large parts of the city. The Syrian army held its positions on the outskirts. Amateur video footage obtained by Reuters showed armed FSA fighters patrolling empty streets.[9]On 18 January, both sides agreed to a ceasefire. It was also agreed that the Syrian army would leave the city and that the FSA would remove its forces from the streets. A senior opposition figure, Kamal al-Labwani, said "I think stiff resistance and defections among the attacking forces have forced the regime to negotiate. We will see if it will stick to the deal". He claimed that 30 loyalist soldiers and an unknown number of defected soldiers had been killed during the battle on 13 January.[10] The ceasefire was temporarily broken on 30 January, when an FSA fighter was killed by Ba'athist government troops. However, by the end of the day, the situation at Zabadani still remained tense but calm.[11] A top Iranian Revolutionary Guard official said that Hezbollah forces took part in the fighting in Zabadani in January.[4] Second phaseOn 4 February, it was reported by activists that the Syrian army was shelling the area with mortars and firing on FSA troops with heavy machine guns, and had started to storm Zabadani's outskirts.[12][13] The Local Coordination Committees of Syria said that 300 armored vehicles, including 100 tanks were involved in the offensive. This report could not be verified independently.[14] The SOHR, another activist source based in London, said to the AFP that hundreds of armored vehicles assaulted the city of Zabadani on 6 February.[15] According to activist videos Zabadani was still under shelling on 7 February.[16] On 8 February, activists said that at least 10 residents had died from the shelling in recent days, and state media reported that four members of the special forces were killed outside of Zabadani. They claimed that a number of opposition forces were killed in the clash.[17] It was also reported that during the fighting, a foreign jihadist, Abu Hamza al-Shami, was also killed.[18] Two days later, several activists sources reported that the Syrian army took control of Madaya, a city located just a few kilometers south of Zabadani which was, according to the same activists, surrounded and under a renewed shelling from the army.[19] The Local Coordination Committees said that the army was heavily pounding the city for a 6th day in a row with 150 shells hitting the city, killing seven people and injuring 40. They added that the Syrian army was located as close as 300 meters south of the city entrance. The Committee estimated that 300 armored vehicles and 30,000 soldiers were involved in the battle, but it could not be confirmed and was highly unlikely.[20] On 11 February, the Syrian army entered Zabadani after a renewed shelling and seized parts of the town.[21] An exiled Syrian activist in Jordan said that a ceasefire had been agreed in Zabadani and that the army entered the city. It stipulates that the army would not pursue the rebels if they hand over their stolen weapons.[22] He added that 100 people were killed in the bombardment of the city.[23] A video was shown of a SAA tank in flames.[24] On 13 February, activists reported that the Syrian army was conducting attacks and arrests in Zabadani and Madaya.[25][26] A contact of Irish Times journalist told that the army had arrested some rebel fighters and allowed others to flee, with ongoing house to house conducted. Many residents fled to Bludan were the red cross sent an aid convoy.[27] Footage of Zabadani was published on 13 February, on the Syrian State TV, showing interviews with residents and some of the weapons seized.[28] A pro-rebel resident said that the Syrian army broke a deal by sending soldiers to take over the city and said that dozens of people suspected of being rebels had been captured.[29] Journalist John Ray and his cameraman made a video report about the battle, showing footage of the fighting and the advance of the Syrian army. The Army advanced from the city toward the hillsides where rebels were hiding, progressing and trapping the rebels against the Lebanon border.[30] The opposition-affiliated L.C.C. claimed that the Syrian army had arrested 250 members of the opposition.[31] A Lebanese smuggler told that the Syrian army had successfully cut the rebels supply lines in the city.[32] AftermathRenewed fightingA month later on 12 March, clashes were reported once again in Zabadani, with many being wounded.[33] On 27 March, the military shelled the town again, which killed four residents.[34] Two days later on 29 March, more fighting was reported in the town.[35] May stalemateIn May, much of Zabadani was once again reportedly out of SAA control, with army checkpoints on the roads leading into and out of the city and security forces guarding government buildings in the town, but not venturing outside to such places as the central square. Around 450 FSA fighters were in the orchards outside of Zabadani, but they didn't have a presence in the town itself. Instead, opposition activists were reporting from within the city via walkie-talkies and organizing protests.[36][37] See also
References1. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle-east/activists-syrian-tanks-pull-back-from-besieged-town/2012/01/19/gIQAjKa79P_story.html ]{{Dead link|date=March 2012}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/international/rebels_hail_first_free_town_in_syria_as_assad_troops_flee_1_2066664|title=Rebels hail ‘first free town in Syria’ as Assad troops flee|publisher=|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 3. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20120201172305/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/syrias-zabadani-liberated-but-for-how-long/2012/01/21/gIQAMhDYGQ_story.html] 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/syrian-regime-importing-snipers-for-protests/story-e6frg6so-1226254330519|title=Syrian regime 'importing snipers' for protests|publisher=|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://blogs.aljazeera.net/liveblog/syria-jan-22-2012-1634|title=Syria Live Blog Sun, 22 Jan 2012, 13:34 GMT+3|work=Al Jazeera Blogs|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-01-18-fighting-in-syria-subsides-after-fragile-ceasefire|title=Fighting in Syria subsides after fragile ceasefire|author=Khaled Yacoub Oweis|work=The M&G Online|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://us2.campaign-archive1.com/?u=556aeef60722f6e5811ea2519&id=7e14dcec1d|title=EU Imposes New Sanctions and Assad's Forces Retreat from Zabadani|publisher=|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16557204|title=Syria tanks and troops 'enter protest town, Zabadani'|work=BBC News|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/16/zabadani-syria-resort_n_1208743.html?ref=tw|title=Zabadani, Former Syria Resort, Now Rebel Stronghold|date=16 January 2012|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/01/18/188962.html|title=Army, rebels agree to ceasefire in Zabadani; U.N. council struggles on Syria resolution|publisher=|accessdate=25 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025182812/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/01/18/188962.html|archive-date=2014-10-25|dead-url=yes|df=}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204652904577190703938046054|title=Syrian Uprising Intensifies As Troops Defend Capital|date=30 January 2012|work=WSJ|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.monstersandcritics.com/middleeast/news/article_1688965.php/Syrian-troops-launch-attack-on-Zabadani-near-Damascus |title=Syrian troops launch attack on Zabadani, near Damascus - Monsters and Critics |publisher=News.monstersandcritics.com |date=2012-02-04 |accessdate=2012-03-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426185759/http://news.monstersandcritics.com/middleeast/news/article_1688965.php/Syrian-troops-launch-attack-on-Zabadani-near-Damascus |archivedate=2012-04-26 |df= }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57371692/u.s-floats-coalition-against-syria/ |title=U.S. floats coalition against Syria |publisher=CBS News |date= |accessdate=2012-03-23}} 14. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.lccsyria.org/6102 |title=21 Martyrs Till Now 6-2-2012 | Local coordination committees of Syria |publisher=Lccsyria.org |date=2012-02-06 |accessdate=2012-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430195709/http://www.lccsyria.org/6102 |archive-date=2012-04-30 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9063214/Syria-Homs-bombarded-by-Assad-forces.html |title=Syria's cry for help as Bashar al Assad's forces 'launch major offensive in Homs' |publisher=Telegraph |date=2012-02-06 |accessdate=2012-03-23}} 16. ^{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGTVCCbTMh8 |title=هام لوكالات الأنباء المدفعية تقصف الزبداني |publisher=YouTube |date= |accessdate=2012-03-23}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/02/08/193298.html|title=Death toll mounts as attacks in Syria’s Homs resume after Russian peace foray|publisher=|accessdate=25 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419060600/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/02/08/193298.html|archive-date=2012-04-19|dead-url=yes|df=}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/World/Story/A1Story20120212-327461.html|title=Jihadist forums say fighters going to Syria|publisher=|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 19. ^1 {{cite web|author=Friday |url=http://www.enduringamerica.com/home/2012/2/10/syria-and-beyond-live-coverage-protests-amidst-the-regimes-a.html#1546 |title=EA WorldView - Home - Syria (and Beyond) Live Coverage: Protests Amidst the Regime's Assault? |publisher=Enduringamerica.com |date=2012-02-10 |accessdate=2012-03-23}} 20. ^{{cite web|last=Weaver |first=Matthew |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/middle-east-live/2012/feb/10/syria-aleppo-bombs-homs-tanks-live#block-34 |title=Syria: bombs hit Aleppo as tanks pound Homs - Friday 10 February | World news | guardian.co.uk |publisher=Guardian |date=2012-02-10 |accessdate=2012-03-23}} 21. ^ {{Dead link|date=March 2012}} 22. ^ {{Dead link|date=March 2012}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/12/syria-rockets-homs_n_1271382.html|title=Syria Rockets Homs As Arab League Meets In Cairo|date=12 February 2012|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/news_middleeast_africa/2012-02-17/syria-tank-set-ablaze-in-zabadani.html |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120708092047/http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/news_middleeast_africa/2012-02-17/syria-tank-set-ablaze-in-zabadani.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2012-07-08 |title=Syria: Tank Set Ablaze in Zabadani |publisher=NTDTV.com |date= |accessdate=2012-03-23}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.enduringamerica.com/home/2012/2/13/bahrain-syria-and-beyond-live-coverage-the-reasonable-reacti.html#1453|title=Bahrain, Syria (and Beyond) Live Coverage: "The Reasonable Reaction to Provocation"|publisher=|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/02/13/world/meast/syria-unrest/index.html|title=Syria draws U.N. ire as it heads toward 'war'|date=13 February 2012|work=CNN|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://m.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2012/0214/1224311745911.html?via=rel|title=Syrian army enters remaining insurgent strongholds|publisher=|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2012/02/14/400490.htm|archive-url=https://archive.is/20140724194134/http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2012/02/14/400490.htm|dead-url=yes|archive-date=24 July 2014|title=Al-Zabadani people express relief after security is restored to the city|publisher=|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/14/us-syria-towns-idUSTRE81D1CE20120214|title=Rebellious Syrian towns surrounded and struggling|work=Reuters|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bing.com/videos/watch/video/under-siege-in-syria/63aqoew |accessdate=February 15, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215223840/http://www.bing.com/videos/watch/video/under-siege-in-syria/63aqoew |archivedate=February 15, 2012|title=Under siege in Syria}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lccsyria.org/6479|title=From Zabadany16-2-2012|publisher=|accessdate=25 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025184650/http://www.lccsyria.org/6479|archive-date=2014-10-25|dead-url=yes|df=}} 32. ^1 {{cite web|last=Enders |first=David |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/02/22/2655217/syrian-forces-retake-zabadani.html |title=Syrian forces retake Zabadani as rebels withdraw, refugees say - World Wires |publisher=MiamiHerald.com |date=2012-02-22 |accessdate=2012-03-23}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=http://blogs.aljazeera.net/liveblog/syria-mar-11-2012-1911|title=Syria Live Blog Sun, 11 Mar 2012, 16:11 GMT+3|work=Al Jazeera Blogs|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 34. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.monstersandcritics.com/middleeast/news/article_1695643.php/Syria-shells-Homs-as-rebels-attack-army-in-Damascus |accessdate=March 27, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717045559/http://news.monstersandcritics.com/middleeast/news/article_1695643.php/Syria-shells-Homs-as-rebels-attack-army-in-Damascus |archivedate=July 17, 2012|title=Syria shells Homs as rebels attack army in Damascus}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/03/2012329135832628976.html|title=Syria crisis dominates Arab summit in Iraq|publisher=|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 36. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/21554224|title=Syria’s uprising: Try to stay peaceful|work=The Economist|accessdate=25 October 2014}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/may/22/syria-local-newspapers-revolution?newsfeed=true|title=The Syrian local newspapers creating a voice for the revolution|work=the Guardian|accessdate=25 October 2014}} External links
6 : Military operations of the Syrian Civil War in 2012|Rif Dimashq Governorate in the Syrian Civil War|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving the Syrian government|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving Hezbollah|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving the Free Syrian Army|Battles of the Syrian Civil War |
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