请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Battle of Zabadani (2015)
释义

  1. Background

  2. The battle

      Zabadani surrounded   Urban clashes and ceasefires  U.N.-brokered agreement 

  3. See also

  4. References

{{infobox military conflict
|conflict =Battle of Zabadani (2015)
|partof =the Syrian Civil War
|image =Zabadani District.png
|image_size =310px
|caption =Zabadani District (yellow) within the Rif Dimashq Governorate
|date =3 July – 24 September 2015
({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=7|day1=3|year1=2015|month2=9|day2=24|year2=2015}})
|place =Al-Zabadani and outskirts, Rif Dimashq, Syria
|coordinates =
|map_type = Syria
|map_relief = yes
|latitude =
|longitude =
|map_size = 290px
|map_marksize =
|map_caption =
|map_label =
|territory =
|result =
|status = Ceasefire; Significant Syrian Army and Hezbollah gains
  • Rebel forces besieged in Al-Zabadani after 4 July 2015
  • The Syrian Army and Hezbollah control 85% of the city, per pro-government sources[1]
  • The Syrian Army and Hezbollah control 70–75% of the city, per opposition sources[2]
  • A Turkish/Iranian brokered U.N.-agreement is enacted on 24 September 2015[2][3][4]

|combatant1 ={{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} Jaysh al-Haramoun[5]
  • {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front.svg}} Al-Nusra Front[7]
  • {{Flagicon image|Flag of Ahrar ash-Sham.svg}} Ahrar ash-Sham[7]
Free Syrian Army[9]{{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria).svg}} Islamic Front[1]
(Joined August 15)
|combatant2 ={{flagicon|Syria}} Syrian Arab Republic
  • {{flagicon image|Syrian Armed Forces Flag.svg}} Syrian Armed Forces
  • {{flagicon image|InfoboxNDF.png}} National Defense Force[11]
{{flag|Iran}}
  • IRGC[6]
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.svg}} Syrian Social Nationalist Party[7]
{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} Hezbollah
{{flagdeco|Syria}} al-Jabalawi Battalion[8]
Palestine Liberation Army[9]
|commander1 ={{Flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front.svg}} Abdel-Rahman Kharita{{KIA}}[10][11]
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria).svg}} Zahran Alloush[1]
|commander2 ={{flagicon|Syria}} Lt. Gen. Ali Abdullah Ayyoub[12]
{{flagicon|Iran}} Gen. Abdel Karim Rubash{{KIA}}[6]
|units1 = Al-Zabadani Hawks Brigade[13][14]
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria).svg}} Jaysh al-Islam[1]
|units2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Army.svg}} 4th Armoured Division
  • 63rd Brigade[24]
  • 67th Brigade[15]
{{flagicon image|Syrian Air Force Flag.svg}} Syrian Air Force[16]{{flagicon|Iran}} Quds Force[6]
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.svg}} Eagles of the Whirlwind
|strength1 =1,500–2,000[7]
|strength2 =Unknown
|casualties1 = 400+ killed,[17] 100–250 wounded[18] and 189 captured[19] (independently confirmed)
479+ killed (pro-government claim)[19][20][21]
|casualties2 = 60–108 Hezbollah killed[17][22]
29 SAA killed[23]
2 SSNP killed[24]
1 PLA killed[25]
1 IRGC killed[6]
|casualties3 =
|notes =
|campaignbox ={{Campaignbox Syrian Civil War}}
}}{{Campaignbox Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian Civil War}}{{Campaignbox Rif Dimashq Campaign}}

The Battle of Zabadani (2015) started in early July 2015, during the Syrian Civil War, as a military offensive launched by the Syrian Army, and Hezbollah to capture the rebel-held town of Al-Zabadani.

Background

{{main|Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)}}

Prior attempts at negotiating a peaceful outcome between the government and the rebels in Zabadani failed.[26]

The battle

Zabadani surrounded

On July 3, 2015 Hezbollah and the Syrian Army launched an offensive against Zabadani and reportedly seized Qalaat Al-Tal hill.[15][27] The following day, they broke into Zabadani[28] and reportedly captured the southwestern part of the city, specifically the Jamiyat neighborhood.[27][29][30] News reports indicated that many civilians fled the city.[26] On 5 July, it was reported that the rebels mined and fortified their positions inside the besieged city ahead of expected heavy street fighting.[31]

By 9 July, the Syrian Army and Hezbollah controlled half of Zabadani following six days of clashes.[12] In the same day, the Syrian Army carried out a powerful assault on al-Nusra Front's positions in the village of Al-Zahra, next to Zabadani.[12] They captured a number of points while under the cover of the Syrian Air Force's airstrikes.[12] By 12 July, Hezbollah reportedly advanced deep into Zabadani, capturing Al-Zahra Castle, the majority of the western part of the city and the Al-Zalah neighborhood in the south of Zabadani.[14]

On 13 July, Syrian government forces captured the Hay al-Sultani neighborhood in the southeastern part of the town, thus closing Zabadani's southern entrance and cutting of the town from nearby Madaya. According to the Hezbollah-affiliated Al-Manar television station, 200 rebels, 16 government soldiers and 12 Hezbollah fighters had been killed since the start of the battle, while another 43 rebels were captured.[32][33][34] On 14 July, government troops destroyed a 360-meter tunnel passing under the main highway linking Zabadani and the village of Madaya.[35] During the day, the Army seized the Kahraba roundabout and al-Hakl al-Asfar Street, reinforcing its control of Zabadani's entrance.[36] Before nightfall, government forces captured a collection of empty villas along Jamal ‘Abdel-Nasser Street that were being used by the rebels.[24][37]

By 15 July, the Syrian Army and Hezbollah were advancing towards the center of Zabadani and had effectively encircled rebel forces in the town.[32] Hezbollah and the Syrian Army’s 63rd Brigade of the 4th Mechanized Division issued the rebels an ultimatum to "surrender or die".[38] It was reported on 16 July, that the Syrian Army's and Hezbollah's grip of Zabadani had tightened, after a failed rebel attempt to counterattack Hezbollah in the southern part of the town, along with dwindling rebel supply lines. It was also reported that dozens of al-Nusra Front fighters had begun to surrender to government forces.[39]

On 18 July, the Syrian Army claimed that an SAA ambush killed more than 40 rebels in Zabadani.[40] The following day, three rebel fighters were killed by Army snipers in a failed attempt to infiltrate the besieged city.[41] By this point, according to the pro-opposition group the SOHR, the Army and Hezbollah had managed to take wide sections of Jamiyat, as well as parts of the northwest and southeast of the city, fully besieging it, but had still not managed to fully take control of Zabadani.[42]

On 21 July, Syrian government troops captured the Zabadani plains, while continuing to search for al-Nusra's main supply tunnel between Zabadani and Madaya.[43][44] At this stage, the military was still unable to enter the Old Town area of Zabadani, where rebel forces had barricaded themselves. This was due to the mountainous area, that most of the rebels were local fighters who are familiar with the city, the closeness of rebel supply lines and due to a single rebel command.[36] Since the start of the offensive on Zabadani, 600 barrel bombs were dropped on the town.[45] The next day, government forces further advanced in the city after rebels withdrew from some areas due to heavy airstrikes and shelling.[46] They also reportedly captured the Barada-Zabadani road.[47]

On 22 July, Syrian government forces made more advances in Zabadani's outskirts, after a military push from the plains.[48][74] The next day, the Army reiterated their "surrender or die" ultimatum to the rebels, saying it was their final warning, as government forces reportedly captured the village of Al-Marawah, near Madaya.[49] On the night between 24 and 25 July, the rebels launched a surprise attack and reportedly seized several government checkpoints.[74] On 25 July, the rebels trapped inside Zabadani issued a statement urging assistance from other rebel groups, while also accusing the UN and Staffan de Mistura's team of collaborating with Bashar al-Assad.[50] By this point, the remaining 1,200 rebels were trapped in a space about three kilometres by three kilometres.[51]

On 30 July, 30 rebel fighters were reportedly killed in combat, with the SAA and the Hezbollah attempting to push the rebels to the east of Barada Street and get closer to Zabadani’s downtown area.[52] The previous day, the city had been pounded by 40 airstrikes by the SAAF.[53] By 3 August, the rebel controlled areas of Zabadani had diminished considerably.[54] The same day the SAA and the Hezbollah captured the Mahata Neighborhood after a three-hour battle. Government sources report that the SAA had hit Al-Zabadani with over 300 missiles and mortar shells that day. Government forces were now reportedly progressing towards encircling the downtown area.[55]

By 4 August, the rebels had lost more territory, and Syrian government sources announced that the final assault on Al-Zabadani was merely days away.[56]

Urban clashes and ceasefires

On 5 August, reports surfaced that one of the rebel groups were, via an intermediary in the Lebanese Government, attempting to negotiate a secure withdrawal for their fighters in exchange for safe passage to 30,000 civilians trapped inside the towns of Al-Fou’aa and Kafraya.[57] SOHR also reported that pro-government forces had made further advances.[58] However, the next day it was reported that negotiations had failed and pro-government troops had made further advances into the city's core with fights now taking place inside the downtown area.[59][60][61] By 7 August, the rebels had lost more territory as well as 19 fighters, with al-Nusra and the FSA now entrenched at Hikmat Street.[62]

On 8 August, the Syrian government forces announced they had breached the rebel's defense line and entered Zabadani's downtown area, capturing the central bus station. Troops also destroyed a Command and Control Center, thus eliminating the rebels' ability to communicate with their armed combatants.[63][64] On 9 August, The NDF and the Hezbollah were reportedly merely metres away from the city centre. If captured, the government forces anticipate the end of the rebel insurgency in the city.[65][66]

On 10 August, pro-Syrian government forces captured the Imam Ali Mosque, with the Hezbollah pressing on from the southern perimeter.[67] SOHR reported that negotiations are still taking place between the parties.[68] The following day, a 48-hour ceasefire was brokered by Iranian mediators.[69][70][71] During this time, fighters would be allowed to leave the city by bus, but there was some contention amongst some rebel groups as to whether or not to accept the settlement.[72] However, the fragile ceasefire was broken by the rebels from the al-Nusra Front merely hours later. The government forces were reportedly now in control of nearly 75% of Al-Zabadani.[73] According to Al-Manar, 40 Islamist rebel fighters surrendered themselves to the Syrian Armed Forces and Hezbollah on 13 August.[74]

On 15 August, the ceasefire officially ended, with the Syrian government then reportedly in control of 85% of the city. The rebels, being encircled, were said to be relying on tunnels for their transportation of supply and manpower.[1] Shortly afterwards, negotiations between the government and the rebels failed following a disagreement on the number of rebel captives to be released from government-held prisons.[75]

On 17 August, the SAA and the Hezbollah captured 46 buildings, killing 16 rebels in the process midst heavy aerial bombardment. Following their advancement, the government forces issued the rebels with the final ultimatum of surrendering or preparing for their last stand.[76][77] The ultimatum given to the rebels was set for 72 hours and would lapse on 20 August, and included a possibility of amnesty for surrendering rebel combatants. On 18 August, five rebel combatants reportedly surrendered in order to have their case tried before an amnesty council in Damascus, although most rebels were reported to still be holding out in the hopes of a deal being brokered by Turkish and Iranian mediators.[78]

On 20 August, the Syrian government forces resumed their operations and launched their final assault on Al-Zabadani, killing 22 rebel fighters. By the end of the day, pro-governmental sources claimed the rebels had lost all but one remaining square kilometer of territory.[79] Pro-government advances were confirmed by SOHR on 23 August amid further clashes in the city.[80] On 24 August, pro-government sources reported that the SAA and the Hezbollah had captured the Umar Al-Farouq Mosque and surrounding residential buildings after fierce firefights, killing over 15 combatants from Harakat Ahrar Al-Sham and Jabhat Al-Nusra.[81] On 26 August, SOHR confirmed the government advancements.[82]

A new 48-hour ceasefire, once again brokered by Iranian and Turkish mediators, was declared on 26 August. Negotiations between the parties would ensue during the ceasefire.[83][84] The ceasefire, however, was postponed a day until 28 August, due to disagreements regarding prisoner exchange. The stipulations of the effective ceasefire were that the rebels would be allowed to evacuate wounded combatants while the Syrian government would be allowed to supply humanitarian aid to the towns of Kafraya and Al-Fou’aa, both of which are Syrian government-held but besieged by rebel forces. There would also be a prisoner exchange of non-combatant between the parties.[85] However, on the following day, it was reported that the rebels had broken the ceasefire by shelling Kafraya and Al-Fou’aa.[86][87] Pro-government sources claimed eight rebels had surrendered during the brief ceasefire. On 31 August, Syrian government forces moved in on the adjacent rebel-held town of Madaya, reportedly capturing 25% of it, while continuing aerial bombardment of Al-Zabadani.[88][89]

On 2 September, Hezbollah and Syrian government forces had captured 70-75 % of al-Zabadani,[90] while pro-government sources claimed that they had pushed the rebels back into a 100 square-meter area in the center of the town.[91] On 3 September, the SAA and the Hezbollah were reported to be in their final push towards capturing the city, after having made several advances during the day.[92] According to government sources, the army overrun a rebel field hospital and captured several buildings, killing 15 rebels in the process while 8 more surrendered. The advance pushed the remaining rebels back to a half dozen building blocks in Al-Zabadani.[93] The advances were later confirmed by SOHR.[94] Government sources would later revise the information regarding the remaining rebel-controlled territory as consisting of 250 square meters around the city-center.[95]

On 5 September, pro-government sources stated that government troops had captured the Al-Nabwa’ Neighborhood in the northeastern sector of Al-Zabadani’s downtown area, while killing 15 rebel combatants. The rebels had reportedly made new calls for Turkey to resume its role as a mediator in order to reopen negotiations between the parties.[96] On 7 September, the Army reportedly advanced further, capturing the Dawar Al-Saylaan Neighborhood as well as the strategic bus station. This marked the first government presence in the Al-Zabadani bus station since 2011.[97][98]

On 13 September, the rebels reportedly made an attempt to break the siege, making some advancements. However, the government later reported the rebels had been pushed back, leaving 18 rebel combatants dead and 11 captured. The captured rebels had reportedly given up the location of their comrades in exchange for a possibility of amnesty, which had allowed the government forces to capture eight street blocks in the Al-Nabua District.[99][100]

On 17 September, the Army captured the Ayn al-Himma, Al-Maydani, Al-Kubra and Al-Adaima districts,[101] and two days later, they had advanced further, capturing the al-Nabua district and killing 13 rebels in the process.[102]

A third ceasefire was declared on 20 September, covering Al-Zabadani and the rebel-besieged government-held towns of Al-Fou’aa and Kafraya.[103] However, government sources reported that rebel forces were still attacking Al-Fou’aa and Kafraya.[104] The ceasefire lapsed on 21 September.

U.N.-brokered agreement

{{main|2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement}}

On 24 September, more than 2 months after the siege began, the UN announced that an agreement between the warring parties had finally been reached after repeated mediation efforts. Per the agreement, the remaining entrenched rebels are to withdraw from Syrian government besieged Al-Zabadani and control of the town to the Syrian government while surrendering all weapons, save for light handguns, and withdrawing to the Idlib Province. Conversely, civilians (approximately 10,000 people) still remaining inside the rebel-besieged Shi'ite villages of Al-Fu'ah and Kafriya are to be evacuated. Control of the villages would not be surrendered to the rebels; however, as approximately 4,000 pro-government troops would remain in the villages. The plan was expected to take 6 months to be fully implemented, during which time extended ceasefires are expected to be upheld in each respective area. Evacuation of wounded from both sides was expected to begin as early as 25 September. An additional stipulation denotes the release of 500 rebel captives from Syrian government-held prisons. The agreement would be overseen by the United Nations office in Damascus.[2][3][4] However, SOHR reported on 26 September that a rebel fighter had been killed in a firefight with the NDF near the villages of Al-Fou’aa and Kafraya.[105]

On 26 September, the first bus transport evacuating the rebel combatants to Idlib began leaving Al-Zabadani.[106]

The ceasefire was said to still be in effect in spite of a couple of violations on 27 September.[107]

After the implementation of the ceasefire, the besieging Hezbollah and the SAA troops redirected their attention towards the remaining parts of the Qalamoun Mountains still under rebel control, namely a smaller area in the Jaroud Rankous, located in southern Qalamoun, and larger area located in Jaroud Qarah, in northern Qalamoun. The Hezbollah also set itself out to recapture the Lebanese border-district of Arsal, from where al-Nusra Front and ISIL have been receiving much of their reinforcements in the Qalamoun Mountains region.[108]

However, on 10 October, the truce was jeopardized by rebel groups, claiming the truce had been rendered "irrelevant" following Russia's intervention in the Syrian Civil War.[109]

On 13 October, in light of the truce, 150–200 Hezbollah fighters, who had been battling the rebels inside Al-Zabadani, were transferred to Aleppo City, in preparation for a wide-scale offensive.[110]

See also

{{portal|Syrian civil war}}
  • Battle of Zabadani (2012)
  • Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/jaysh-al-islam-announces-an-offensive-to-retake-lost-ground-in-al-zabadani|title=Jaysh Al-Islam Announces an Offensive to Retake Lost Ground in Al-Zabadani|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|date=15 August 2015|accessdate=15 August 2015}}
2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Sep-24/316543-hezbollah-syria-army-reach-deal-with-rebels-on-fate-of-zabadani-idlib-towns-sources.ashx|title=Syria army, rebels reach deal on Zabadani, Idlib villages: source|work=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon|accessdate=30 September 2015}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/09/sponsored-by-the-turkish-and-iranian-and-the-guarantee-of-the-international-envoy-the-terms-of-the-agreement-about-zabadani-and-kafrayya-and-al-fouaa-and-their-surroundings|title=Sponsored by the Turkish and Iranian and the guarantee of the international envoy, the terms of the agreement about Zabadani and Kafrayya and al-Fou’aa and their surroundings|author=Edward|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=30 September 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930020705/http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/09/sponsored-by-the-turkish-and-iranian-and-the-guarantee-of-the-international-envoy-the-terms-of-the-agreement-about-zabadani-and-kafrayya-and-al-fouaa-and-their-surroundings|archivedate=30 September 2015|df=}}
4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/warring-sides-in-syria-reach-deal-on-al-zabadani-kefraya-al-fouaa|title=Warring Sides in Syria Reach Deal on Al-Zabadani, Kefraya, Al-Fou'aa|author=News Desk|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=30 September 2015}}
5. ^{{cite news|title=Syrian Armed Forces and Hezbollah Close-in on Al-Zabadani|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-armed-forces-and-hezbollah-close-in-on-al-zabadani/|author=Leith Fadel|newspaper=Al-Masdar News|date=7 July 2015|accessdate=16 July 2015}}
6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.debka.com/article/24743/|title=Iran keeps dark loss of its top general in Syria. Syrian Army starts closing in on ISIS-held Palmyra|publisher=Debkafile|accessdate=22 July 2015}}
7. ^{{cite news|title=Syrian Army and Hezbollah Advance in Southern Al-Zabadani|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-advance-in-southern-al-zabadani/|author=Leith Fadel|newspaper=Al-Masdar News|date=24 July 2015|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/19019/kataib-al-jabalawi-a-pro-assad-militia-from-homs|title=Kata'ib al-Jabalawi: A Pro-Assad Militia from Homs|author=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi|date=19 July 2016|accessdate=20 July 2016}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/08/shells-target-the-capital-wound-in-a-shelling-by-the-regime-forces-on-darayya-city-and-violet-clashes-in-the-area-and-al-zabadani-city/ |title=Shells target the capital, wound in a shelling by the regime forces on Darayya city and violet clashes in the area and al-Zabadani city |author=Edward |work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights |accessdate=9 August 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811051905/http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/08/shells-target-the-capital-wound-in-a-shelling-by-the-regime-forces-on-darayya-city-and-violet-clashes-in-the-area-and-al-zabadani-city/ |archivedate=11 August 2015 |df= }}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Aug-06/309905-hezbollah-kills-senior-nusra-commander-in-zabadani.ashx|title=Hezbollah kills senior Nusra commander in Zabadani|work=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/news/senior-nusra-commander-killed-hezbollah-zabadani-727596|title=Senior Nusra commander killed|work=Al Bawaba|date=6 August 2015}}
12. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|title=Syrian Army and Hezbollah Control Half of Al-Zabadani|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-control-half-of-al-zabadani/|author=Leith Fadel|newspaper=Al-Masdar News|date=9 July 2015|accessdate=16 July 2015}}
13. ^1 {{cite news|title=Syrian Armed Forces and Hezbollah Suffocate Al-Qaeda in Al-Zabadani|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-armed-forces-and-hezbollah-suffocate-al-qaeda-in-al-zabadani/|author=Leith Fadel|newspaper=Al-Masdar News|date=4 July 2015|accessdate=16 July 2015}}
14. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-armed-forces-and-hezbollah-capture-the-al-zalah-neighborhood-in-al-zabadani/|title=Syrian Armed Forces and Hezbollah Capture the Al-Zalah Neighborhood in Al-Zabadani|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=15 July 2015}}
15. ^1 {{cite news|title=Breaking: The Syrian Armed Forces and Hezbollah Begin the Al-Zabadani Offensive|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-the-syrian-armed-forces-and-hezbollah-begin-the-al-zabadani-offensive/|author=Leith Fadel|newspaper=Al-Masdar News|date=3 July 2015|accessdate=16 July 2015}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=Battle Map and Analysis of Al-Zabadani Offensive|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/battle-map-and-analysis-of-al-zabadani-offensive/|author=Leith Fadel|newspaper=Al-Masdar News|date=4 July 2015|accessdate=16 July 2015}}
17. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Sep-04/313930-zabadani-battles-have-claimed-over-400-rebels-60-hezbollah-fighters.ashx|title=Zabadani battles have claimed over 400 rebels, 60 Hezbollah fighters|work=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon|accessdate=19 September 2015}}
18. ^Victory Army negotiates with regime to receive Zabadani wounded
19. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-army-steadily-advance-in-al-zabadani-amid-the-harsh-sandstorm/|title=Hezbollah and the Syrian Army Steadily Advance in Al-Zabadani Amid the Harsh Sandstorm|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=30 September 2015}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/jaysh-al-islams-counter-assault-outside-of-al-zabadani-ends-in-disaster-over-30-killed-by-hezbollah/|title=Jaysh Al-Islam's Counter-Assault Outside of Al-Zabadani Ends in Disaster: Over 30 Killed by Hezbollah|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=30 September 2015}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-army-advance-deep-into-al-zabadani-after-jaysh-al-islams-failed-attack/|title=Hezbollah and the Syrian Army Advance Deep into Al-Zabadani After Jaysh Al-Islam's Failed Attack|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=30 September 2015}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.net/news/arabic/2015/9/16/ارتفاع-قتلى-حزب-الله-بالزبداني-إلى-108|title=ارتفاع قتلى حزب الله بالزبداني إلى 108|publisher=|accessdate=30 September 2015}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.albawaba.com/news/syrian-army-hezbollah-capture-17-militants-zabadani-723810|title=Syrian army, Hezbollah capture 17 militants in Zabadani|work=Al Bawaba|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/salamia.ssnp/photos/pb.272876569498127.-2207520000.1442424146./782748221844290/?type=3&theater|title=الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي - منفذية... - الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي - منفذية سلمية - Facebook|publisher=|accessdate=19 September 2015}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/leithfadel/status/644292268971687936|title=Leith Abou Fadel|work=Twitter|accessdate=19 September 2015}}
26. ^1 {{cite news|title=Syrian forces close in on rebel-held Zabadani|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-33394905|newspaper=BBC|date=4 July 2014|accessdate=11 July 2015}}
27. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/rebels-collapse-as-syrian-army-hezbollah-storm-zabadani/|title=Rebels collapse as Syrian Army, Hezbollah storm Zabadani|author=Zen Adra|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=15 July 2015}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Jul-06/305323-ground-fighting-rages-in-zabadani.ashx|title=Ground fighting rages in Zabadani|work=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon|accessdate=15 July 2015}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2015/07/syria-zabadani-battle-lebanese-border-nusra-isis-qalamoun.html|title=Zabadani battle rages on - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East|work=Al-Monitor|accessdate=15 July 2015}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/07/hezbollah-and-the-fourth-dquad-advance-in-the-western-outskirts-of-al-zabadani-while-the-rebels-advance-in-the-jobar/|title=Hezbollah and the Fourth Squad advance in the western outskirts of al-Zabadani, while the rebels advance in the Jobar|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=15 July 2015}}
31. ^{{cite news|title=Lebanese Hezbollah and Syrian army enter rebel-held border city|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/07/05/us-mideast-crisis-zabadani-idUSKCN0PF0AH20150705|author=Suleiman Al-Khalidi|newspaper=Reuters|date=5 July 2014|accessdate=16 July 2015}}
32. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKCN0PP1U720150715|title=Syrian army, Hezbollah advance in city near Lebanese border|publisher=|accessdate=15 July 2015}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.albawaba.com/news/hezbollah-syrian-army-seize-%E2%80%98main-crossing%E2%80%99-zabadani-719056|title=Hezbollah, Syrian army seize ‘main crossing’ in Zabadani|work=Al Bawaba|accessdate=15 July 2015}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2015/07/syria-army-hezbollah-zabadani-homs-advance-islamic-state.html|title=Syrian army, Hezbollah advance in Zabadani - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East|work=Al-Monitor|accessdate=15 July 2015}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Jul-15/306829-hezbollah-tighten-the-noose-in-zabadani.ashx|title=Hezbollah tightens the noose in Zabadani|work=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon|accessdate=22 July 2015}}
36. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/07/syria-zabadani-regime-advance-opposition-besieged.html|title=Regime forces tighten noose on opposition in Zabadani - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East|work=Al-Monitor|accessdate=22 July 2015}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/07/the-regime-forces-and-hezbollah-continue-attacking-on-al-zabadani/|title=The regime forces and Hezbollah continue attacking on al- Zabadani|author=Master|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=15 July 2015}}
38. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-on-the-edge-of-downtown-al-zabadani|title=Syrian Army and Hezbollah on the Edge of Downtown Al-Zabadani|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=15 July 2015}}
39. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/al-zabadani-pocket-becomes-smaller-and-smaller-rebels-isolated-from-supply-lines|title=Al-Zabadani Pocket Becomes Smaller and Smaller: Rebels Isolated from Supply Lines|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=22 July 2015}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-lays-a-huge-ambush-in-al-zabadani-over-40-militants-reportedly-killed|title=Hezbollah Lays a Huge Ambush in Al-Zabadani: Over 40 Militants Reportedly Killed|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=15 August 2015}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/07/losses-in-zabdani-and-rebels-target-regime-forces-in-jobar|title=Losses in Zabdani and rebels target regime forces in Jobar|author=jack|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=22 July 2015}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/07/despite-of-targeting-them-by-hundreds-of-airstrikes-al-zabadani-fighters-foil-hezbollah-attack-on-their-city/|title=Despite of targeting them by hundreds of airstrikes, al- Zabadani fighters foil Hezbollah attack on their city|author=Master|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=22 July 2015}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/07/al-zabadani-fighter-retreat-from-sahl-al-zabadani-while-continue-to-repel-hezbollah-and-the-regime-forces-advancement-towards-the-city/|title=Al- Zabadani fighters retreat from Sahl al- Zabadani, while continue to repel Hezbollah and the regime forces advancement towards the city|author=Master|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=22 July 2015}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-armed-forces-and-hezbollah-capture-sahel-al-zabadani/|title=Breaking: Syrian Armed Forces and Hezbollah Capture Sahel Al-Zabadani|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=22 July 2015}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/world/article/more-dead-in-clashes-on-syria-lebanon-border|title=More dead in clashes on Syria-Lebanon border|publisher=|accessdate=22 July 2015}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/07/regime-forces-advance-in-zabdani/|title=Regime forces advance in Zabdani|author=jack|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=22 July 2015}}
47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-saa-capture-barada-zabadani-road/|title=Hezbollah and the SAA Capture Barada-Zabadani Road|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=22 July 2015}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/07/continued-clashes-in-al-zabadani-city-and-shelling-on-western-ghouta/|title=Continued clashes in al-Zabadani city and shelling on Western Ghouta|author=Edward|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/1100-rebels-trapped-inside-al-zabadani-surrender-or-die/|title=1,100 Rebels Trapped Inside Al-Zabadani: "Surrender or Die"|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/07/the-local-council-in-al-zabadani-empower-ahrar-al-sham-movement-to-negotiate-by-the-name-of-the-civilians-and-factions-while-40-airstrikes-target-the-city|title=The local council in al- Zabadani empowers Ahrar al- Sham Movement to negotiate by the name of civilians and factions, while 40 airstrikes target the city|author=Master|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
51. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/11764399/How-one-of-Syrias-best-known-resorts-became-the-latest-victim-of-Syrias-endless-war.html|title=How one of Syria’s best-known resorts became the latest victim of Assad's endless war|author1=Magdy Samaan |author2=Nabih Bulos |author3=Beirut and Richard Spencer |date=26 July 2015|work=Telegraph.co.uk|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
52. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-armed-forces-ambush-jabhat-al-nusra-inside-al-zabadani|title=Hezbollah and the Syrian Armed Forces Ambush Jabhat Al-Nusra Inside Al-Zabadani|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/07/the-regime-forces-shell-al-qalamoun-while-the-clashes-renew-in-the-eastern-ghouta-and-continue-in-al-zabadani/|title=The regime forces shell al- Qalamoun, while the clashes renew in the Eastern Ghouta and continue in al- Zabadani|author=Master|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/sequence-of-gains-made-by-the-syrian-army-and-hezbollah-in-al-zabadani|title=Sequence of Gains Made by the Syrian Army and Hezbollah in Al-Zabadani|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-army-capture-mahata-neighborhood-in-al-zabadani|title=Hezbollah and the Syrian Army Capture Mahata Neighborhood in Al-Zabadani|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
56. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-army-advance-to-the-fringes-of-al-zabadanis-downtown|title=Hezbollah and the Syrian Army Advance to the Fringes of Al-Zabadani's Downtown|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
57. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-army-continue-to-pound-al-nusra-into-submission-at-al-zabadani|title=Hezbollah and the Syrian Army Continue to Pound Al-Nusra into Submission at Al-Zabadani|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
58. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/08/the-regime-forces-and-hezbollah-advance-in-al-zabadani|title=The regime forces and Hezbollah advance in al- Zabadani|author=Master|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/08/ahrar-al-sham-announces-suspension-of-negotiations-about-al-zabadani-due-to-the-attempt-of-evacuating-al-zabadani-from-fighters-and-civilians|title=Ahrar al- Sham announces suspension of negotiations about al- Zabadani due to the attempt of "evacuating al- Zabadani" from fighters and civilians|author=Master|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/08/regime-forces-and-hezbollah-advance-in-zabdani|title=Regime forces and Hezbollah advance in Zabdani|author=jack|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
61. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-rejects-ahrar-al-shams-proposal-siege-of-al-zabadani-continues|title=Hezbollah Rejects Ahrar Al-Sham's Proposal: Siege of Al-Zabadani Continues|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-capture-more-territory-in-al-zabadani|title=Syrian Army and Hezbollah Capture More Territory in Al-Zabadani|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
63. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-advance-to-al-zabadanis-downtown|title=Syrian Army and Hezbollah Advance to Al-Zabadani's Downtown|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
64. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/08/hezbollah-and-the-regime-forces-advancing-in-al-zabadani-city-near-the-syrian-lebanese-borders|title=Hezbollah and the regime forces advancing in al-Zabadani city near the Syrian – Lebanese borders|author=Edward|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
65. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-armed-forces-inching-closer-to-the-capture-of-al-zabadani|title=Hezbollah and the Syrian Armed Forces Inching Closer to the Capture of Al-Zabadani|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
66. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/08/more-deaths-in-the-capital-and-renewed-shelling-on-darayya-and-the-clashes-continued-in-al-zabadani|title=More deaths in the capital and renewed shelling on Darayya, and the clashes continued in al-Zabadani|author=Edward|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=9 August 2015}}
67. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/battle-map-update-of-al-zabadani-syrian-army-and-hezbollah-capture-the-imam-ali-mosque/|title=Battle Map Update of Al-Zabadani: Syrian Army and Hezbollah Capture the Imam Ali Mosque|author=Al-Masdar News|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=12 August 2015}}
68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/08/the-regime-forces-and-hezbollah-advance-in-al-zabadani-2|title=The regime forces and Hezbollah advance in al- Zabadani|author=Master|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=12 August 2015}}
69. ^{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/truce-reached-hezbollah-rebels-fighting-syria-33031953|title=Truce Between Hezbollah Fighters, Militants Starts in Syria|author=ABC News|work=ABC News|accessdate=12 August 2015}}
70. ^{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/08/12/rebels-and-hezbollah-establish-a-truce-in-western-syria/|title=Rebels and Hezbollah Establish a Truce in Western Syria|work=Foreign Policy|accessdate=12 August 2015}}
71. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Aug-12/310768-hezbollah-syria-rebels-agree-48-hour-truce-in-zabadani.ashx|title=Zabadani truce extended by 24 hours|publisher=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon|date=12 August 2015}}
72. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/08/ongoing-negotiations-about-al-zabadani-city-and-the-towns-of-around-it-and-the-towns-of-kafrayya-and-al-fouaa-and-fighters-refuse-the-agreement|title=Ongoing negotiations about al-Zabadani City and the towns of around it and the towns of Kafrayya and al-Fou’aa and fighters refuse the agreement|author=Edward|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=12 August 2015}}
73. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/militants-breach-a-fragile-48-hour-ceasefire-in-syrias-war-zones/|title=Militants breach a fragile 48-hour ceasefire in Syria’s war zones|author=Zen Adra|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=12 August 2015}}
74. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/what-lies-ahead-for-the-syrian-armed-forces-and-hezbollah-in-al-zabadani/|title=What Lies Ahead for the Syrian Armed Forces and Hezbollah in Al-Zabadani?|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=14 August 2015}}
75. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/08/the-negotiations-about-zabdani-kafria-and-al-fouaa-reach-failure|title=The negotiations about Zabdani, Kafria, and al-Fouaa reach failure|author=jack|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=15 August 2015}}
76. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-and-hezbollah-capture-46-buildings-in-al-zabadani|title=Breaking: Syrian Army and Hezbollah Capture 46 Buildings in Al-Zabadani|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=18 August 2015}}
77. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/08/hezbollah-advances-in-zabdani-and-continued-clashes-in-the-city|title=Hezbollah advances in Zabdani and continued clashes in the city|author=jack|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=18 August 2015}}
78. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-army-pressure-the-remaining-islamist-rebels-in-al-zabadani-to-surrender|title=Hezbollah and the Syrian Army Pressure the Remaining Islamist Rebels in Al-Zabadani to Surrender|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=18 August 2015}}
79. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-army-keep-rolling-in-al-zabadani-1-square-km-to-go|title=Hezbollah and the Syrian Army keep rolling in Al-Zabadani: 1 square km to go|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=21 August 2015}}
80. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/08/civilians-killed-and-wounded-in-aerial-bombardment-on-the-city-of-erbin-in-the-eastern-ghouta-while-hezbollah-and-the-regime-forces-advance-in-al-zabadani|title=Civilians killed and wounded in aerial bombardment on the city of Erbin in the Eastern Ghouta, while Hezbollah and the regime forces advance in al- Zabadani|author=Master|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=4 September 2015}}
81. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-advances-south-of-the-jazal-mountains-to-the-outskirts-of-palmyra/|title=Syrian Army Advances South of the Jazal Mountains to the Outskirts of Palmyra|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=4 September 2015}}
82. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/08/about-30-airstrikes-and-missiles-target-zabadani-in-conjunction-with-advancement-for-hezbollah-and-the-regime-forces|title=About 30 airstrikes and missiles target Zabadani in conjunction with advancement for Hezbollah and the regime forces|author=Edward|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=4 September 2015}}
83. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/another-48-hour-ceasefire-agreement-at-al-zabadani-and-al-fouaakafraya/|title=Another 48 hour ceasefire agreement at Al-Zabadani and Al-Fou'aa/Kafraya|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=4 September 2015}}
84. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/08/new-cease-fire-agreement-reached-in-al-zabadani-kefrayya-and-al-fuah-and-the-negotiations-continue-about-the-outstanding-issues|title=A new agreement for ceasing-fire in al- Zabadani, Kefrayya and al- Fu’ah reached, and the negotiations continue about the outstanding issues|author=Master|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=4 September 2015}}
85. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/48-hour-truce-in-al-zabadani-and-al-fouaakafraya-to-begin-on-friday-after-complications|title=48 hour truce in Al-Zabadani and Al-Fou'aa/Kafraya to begin on Friday after complications|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=4 September 2015}}
86. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/islamist-rebels-violate-the-48-hour-ceasefire-dozens-of-rockets-strike-al-fouaa-and-kafraya|title=Islamist Rebels Violate the 48 Hour Ceasefire: Dozens of Rockets Strike Al-Fou'aa and Kafraya|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=4 September 2015}}
87. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/08/the-negotiations-and-cease-fire-agreement-canceled-in-al-zabadani-kefrayya-and-al-fuah|title=The negotiations and cease-fire agreement canceled in al- Zabadani, Kefrayya and al- Fu’ah|author=Master|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=4 September 2015}}
88. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-army-shift-their-focus-from-al-zabadani-to-madaya/|title=Hezbollah and the Syrian Army Shift Their Focus from Al-Zabadani to Madaya|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=4 September 2015}}
89. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/08/about-30-air-strike-target-madaya-and-zabadani-and-ongoing-clashes-in-zabadani/|title=About 30 air strike target Madaya and Zabadani and ongoing clashes in Zabadani|author=Edward|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=4 September 2015}}
90. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=30849|title=The regime forces and Hezbollah take over 70 % of al- Zabadani city|author=Master|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=4 September 2015}}
91. ^{{cite web|url=http://eaworldview.com/2015/09/syria-daily-reports-hezbollah-regime-close-to-capture-of-zabadani/|title=Syria Daily, Sept 2: Reports — Hezbollah & Regime Close to Capture of Zabadani|work=EA WorldView|accessdate=4 September 2015}}
92. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Sep-03/313779-hezbollah-regime-forces-gain-ground-in-zabadani-offensive.ashx|title=Hezbollah, regime forces gain ground in Zabadani offensive|work=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon|accessdate=4 September 2015}}
93. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/islamist-rebels-confined-to-a-few-building-blocks-in-al-zabadani|title=Islamist Rebels Confined to a Few Building Blocks in Al-Zabadani|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=4 September 2015}}
94. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/09/hezbollah-and-the-regime-forces-advance-again-in-al-zabadani-while-the-warplanes-attack-jobar|title=Hezbollah and the regime forces advance again in al- Zabadani, while the warplanes attack Jobar|author=Master|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=4 September 2015}}
95. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-army-secure-a-dozen-building-blocks-in-al-zabadani|title=Hezbollah and the Syrian Army Secure a Dozen Building Blocks in Al-Zabadani|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=4 September 2015}}
96. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-army-capture-the-al-nabwa-neighborhood-in-al-zabadani|title=Hezbollah and the Syrian Army Capture the Al-Nabwa' Neighborhood in Al-Zabadani|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=19 September 2015}}
97. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-saa-capture-the-al-zabadani-bus-station|title=Hezbollah and the SAA Capture the Al-Zabadani Bus Station|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=30 September 2015}}
98. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/09/the-clashes-continue-in-al-zabadani-after-new-advancement-for-hezbollah-and-the-regime-forces-in-the-area|title=The clashes continue in al- Zabadani after new advancement for Hezbollah and the regime forces in the area|author=Master|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=19 September 2015}}
99. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/09/continuous-clashes-at-al-zabadani-and-the-islamic-factions-advance-in-the-eastern-ghouta-and-shelling-target-both-ghouta/|title=Continuous clashes at al-Zabadani and the Islamic factions advance in the Eastern Ghouta and shelling target both Ghouta |author=Edward|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=19 September 2015}}
100. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-army-advance-deep-into-al-zabadani-after-jaysh-al-islams-failed-attack/|title=Hezbollah and the Syrian Army Advance Deep into Al-Zabadani After Jaysh Al-Islam's Failed Attack|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=19 September 2015}}
101. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-army-advance-in-al-zabadani-and-the-damascus-countryside/|title=Hezbollah and the Syrian Army Advance in Al-Zabadani and the Damascus Countryside|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=19 September 2015}}
102. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.farsnews.com/player.aspx?nn=13940628001202|title=Farsnews|publisher=|accessdate=19 September 2015}}
103. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-ceasefire-brokered-in-al-zabadanimadaya-and-al-fouaakafraya/|title=Breaking: Ceasefire Brokered in Al-Zabadani/Madaya and Al-Fou'aa/Kafraya|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=30 September 2015}}
104. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/battle-map-update-of-idlib-islamist-rebels-attacking-al-fouaa-and-kafraya/|title=Battle Map Update of Idlib: Islamist Rebels Attacking Al-Fou'aa and Kafraya|author=Al-Masdar News|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=30 September 2015}}
105. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/09/deaths-from-the-regime-forces-in-road-of-palmyra-homs-and-regimes-helicopters-target-the-southern-countryside-of-idlib|title=Deaths for the regime forces in the road of Palmyra–Homs and regime’s helicopters target the southern countryside of Idlib|author=Edward|work=Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|accessdate=30 September 2015}}
106. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/islamist-rebels-begin-withdrawal-from-al-zabadani-first-transport-buses-arrive|title=Islamist Rebels Begin Withdrawal from Al-Zabadani: First Transport Buses Arrive|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=30 September 2015}}
107. ^{{cite web|url=http://dailystar.com.lb/News/World/2015/Sep-27/316668-ceasefire-holds-in-northwest-syria-after-violation-overnight-monitor.ashx|title=Ceasefire holds in NW Syria after violation: monitor|work=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon|accessdate=30 September 2015}}
108. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-prepares-for-the-final-showdown-in-the-qalamoun-mountains/|title=Hezbollah Prepares for the Final Showdown in the Qalamoun Mountains|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=30 September 2015}}
109. ^http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Oct-10/318377-russian-intervention-renders-zabadani-truce-irrelevant.ashx
110. ^http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-soldiers-from-zabadani-arrive-in-aleppo/
{{Syrian civil war}}{{coord|33.7250|N|36.0972|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Zabadani 2015}}

8 : Rif Dimashq Governorate in the Syrian Civil War|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War in 2015|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving the Free Syrian Army|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving the al-Nusra Front|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving the Syrian government|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving Hezbollah|Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving Quds Force|Battles of the Syrian Civil War
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/16 5:45:26