“Bedridden”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Being bedridden is a form of immobility that can present as the inability to move or even sit upright.^[1] It differs from bed-rest, a form of non-invasive treatment that is usually part of recovery or the limitation of activities. Some of the more serious consequences of being bedridden is the high risk of developing thrombosis and muscle wasting (atrophy). Its meaning is derived from a middle English term (bedrid) from a 1300s past tense form of riding a bed.^[2]

Bed rest

This is a voluntary medical treatment still used today to help cure illness.^[3] Current views regarding this treatment are that there are no benefits for most conditions studied.^[4] Though bedrest may still be prescribed for pregnant women, it is now considered dangerous.^[5]^[4]^[6]^[7] Those who are bedridden can develop complications related to feeding.

Complications

Being bedridden leads to many complications such as loss of muscle strength and endurance. Contractures, osteoporosis from disuse and the degeneration of joints can occur. Being confined to bed can add to the likelihood of developing an increased heart rate, decreased cardiac output, hypotension, and thromboembolism.^[8] People with disabilities who are bedridden are at risk for developing pressure sores.^[9]^[10] Those who are bedridden are at risk in a house fire due to their lack of mobility.^[11] Showering can become impossible.^[12] Bedsores develop if a person: who spends most or all of the day in bed without changing position^[13] Being confined to bed may result in a person remaining passive and withdrawn. The ability to transfer to a chair and the negative attitudes of caregivers is associated with continued confinement to bed and reduction of such requests.^[14] Those who are confined to bed have risks related to falls. Falling from a bed can result in injury.

Prevention

One recommendation for preventing the complications of being bedridden is to eat a healthy, well-balanced diet that contains enough calories and protein needed for optimum health. If someone is confined to bed changing position at least every two hours can help prevent complications in addition to change sheeting and bedclothes immediately if they are soiled, and using items that can help reduce pressure, such as pillows or foam padding.^[13]

Studies

One Indian study of care given to bedridden individuals at home found that family members made up 82% of caregivers. A high rate of medical complications was reported, including pressure ulcers and urinary tract infections.^[15]

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bedridden|title=Definition of BEDRIDDEN|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en|access-date=2018-02-14}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/bedridden|title=The definition of bedridden|last=|first=|date=|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=2018-02-14}}
3. ^{{Cite book|title=Dictionary of Medical Terms|last=Collin|first=|publisher=A&C Black|year=2008|isbn=|location=|pages=|via=Credo Reference}}
4. ^¹{{cite journal|last1=Allen|first1=C|last2=Glasziou|first2=P|last3=Del Mar|first3=C|title=Bed rest: a potentially harmful treatment needing more careful evaluation.|journal=Lancet|date=9 October 1999|volume=354|issue=9186|pages=1229–33|pmid=10520630|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(98)10063-6}}
5. ^Bed Rest During Pregnancy
6. ^Is It 'Unethical’ To Prescribe Bed Rest For Pregnant Women? | CommonHealth
7. ^http://arms.evidence.nhs.uk/resources/qipp/664578/attachment
8. ^{{Cite journal|last=Maclin|first=V. M.|last2=Radwanska|first2=E.|last3=Binor|first3=Z.|last4=Dmowski|first4=W. P.|date=August 1990|title=Progesterone:estradiol ratios at implantation in ongoing pregnancies, abortions, and nonconception cycles resulting from ovulation induction|journal=Fertility and Sterility|volume=54|issue=2|pages=238–244|issn=0015-0282|pmid=2379624}}
9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/relatedconditions.html|title=Related Conditions {{!}} Disability and Health {{!}} NCBDDD {{!}} CDC|date=2018-02-06|work=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=2018-03-12|language=en-us}}{{PD-notice}}
10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bed-sores/symptoms-causes/syc-20355893|title=Bedsores (pressure ulcers) - Symptoms and causes|work=Mayo Clinic|access-date=2018-03-12|language=en}}
11. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/37674354/police-hawaii-recruiter-sexually-assaulted-boy-multiple-times-while-he-was-bedridden|title=Police: Woman who recruited exchange students to Hawaii raped one while he was bedridden|last=Kawano|first=Lynn|access-date=2018-03-12|language=en}}
12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/mexican-man--once-the-world-s-fattest--dreams-of-walking-again-9983670|title=Mexican man, once the world's fattest, dreams of walking again|work=Channel NewsAsia|access-date=2018-03-12|language=en-US}}
13. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003976.htm|title=Skin care and incontinence: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|website=medlineplus.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-03-12}}{{PD-notice}}
14. ^{{Cite journal|last=Forbes|first=Dorothy A.|date=2009-04-01|title=Being bedridden was a slow process influenced by interactions with the environment, nurses, and social tiesCommentary|url=http://ebn.bmj.com/content/12/2/64.1|journal=Evidence-Based Nursing|language=en|volume=12|issue=2|pages=64–64|doi=10.1136/ebn.12.2.64|issn=1367-6539|pmid=19321841}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=Profile of home-based caregivers of bedridden patients in North India|url=http://ijcm.org.in/article.asp?issn=0970-0218;year=2011;volume=36;issue=2;spage=114;epage=119;aulast=Bains|author=Puneet Bains|author2=Amarjeet Singh Minhas|publisher=Indian Journal of Community Medicine|date=22 August 2011}}