“Beijing Daxing International Airport”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

}}Beijing Daxing International Airport ({{zh|s=北京大兴国际机场|p=Běijīng Dàxīng Guójì Jīchǎng}})^[1] (IATA: PKX; ICAO: ZBAD), located on the border of Beijing and Langfang, Hebei Province, is Beijing's second international airport and is currently under construction.^[2]^[3] The name of the airport was announced on September 14, 2018.^[1] The terminal building is expected to be completed on July 15, 2019, and the airport is expected to be open on September 30, 2019.^[1]^[4] Upon completion, it will serve as a major international hub airport in Northern China. There will be 4 runways, and approximately 80 parking bays, most of which can be configured to handle either one twin-aisle or two single-aisle aircraft. The new airport is also expecting a total of 7 runways and another terminal to the south of the current one in the future, in order to accommodate 620,000 flights and 100 million passengers each year.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

The airport is 46 kilometers south of Tian'anmen Square, 26 kilometers west of downtown Langfang City, 50 kilometers northeast of Xiong'an New Area, and 65 kilometers from the existing Beijing Capital International Airport, and is expected to serve Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei.^[9] It will serve as a hub for SkyTeam alliance airlines, while Star Alliance members will stay at the existing Beijing Capital International Airport. Hainan Airlines, which accounted for 10% of Beijing Capital International's passenger seat capacity in 2016, but is not part of any major alliance, will also stay at the existing capital airport.^[10]

Upon the opening of the new airport, Beijing Nanyuan Airport (currently solely served by China United Airlines) will be closed.

Design

The airport's master plan was designed by airport consulting firm NACO and will feature a ground transportation centre providing the airport with public transportation links to high-speed rail, metro, expressways, Beijing Airport Bus routes, local buses and inter-airport transportation system.^[11] The terminal building was designed by British architects Zaha Hadid Architects and French planners ADPI, and executed by the Beijing Institute of Architectural Design (BIAD). It consists of a central hub with six curved spokes.^[12] Hong Kong design studio Lead 8 was appointed as lead designer of the commercial terminal in 2018. The terminal, according to Lead 8, will encompass "a purposeful design of work spaces, with integrated retail, dining, and entertainment options for the large number of passengers expected," with plans to incorporate interactive pet hotels, a child care and nursery, hybrid online retail and dining, and a showroom for companies ^[13]

Airport facilities

The first phase of the airport project is designed with a target of 72 million passengers^[14], 2 million tons of cargo and mail^[15], and 620,000 aircraft movements in 2025, with plans to handle 100 million passengers in the long term.

Ground transportation

Intercity rail

A new high-speed railway service, the Beijing–Xiong'an intercity railway, is under construction and will start from Beijing West railway station. It will connect the urban area of Beijing, Daxing District of Beijing, the new airport, Bazhou, and finally Xiong'an. The section between the airport to Beijing will operate at speeds of 250 km/h and the section between the airport to Xiong'an will operate at speeds of 350 km/h.^[20] The airport to Beijing section is expected to open in September 2019^[16], while the airport to Xiong'an section in late 2020.^[17] It will take 20 minutes from Beijing West railway station to the new airport.^[18]

Another intercity railway, the Intercity Railway Connector, will connect Langfang, Yizhuang, Beijing Sub-administrative Center in Tongzhou District and Beijing Capital International Airport to the new airport. Phase I of the intercity railway connector (New Airport to Langfang East railway station) is under construction. Phase 1 of the railway will be finished in December 2022.^[19] The speed will be 200 km/h.^[19]^[20]

Subway

The New Airport line of the Beijing Subway is currently under construction. It will connect the airport to the urban area of Beijing and begin operation at the same time of the airport.

In long-term plan of Beijing Subway, Line 20 (Line R4) of the Beijing Subway is planned to terminate at the new airport.^[21]

Development history

A second airport for Beijing was proposed in 2008.^[28] By 2012, the existing Beijing Capital International Airport was running at near its full design capacity.^[22]^[23]

Initial proposals

Early media reports during September 2011 suggested that there could be up to 9 runways: 8 runways for civil aviation plus one runway dedicated to military usage.^[24]^[9]^[25]^[26]^[27] It would replace Beijing Capital International Airport (which had 83 million passengers in 2013, second most in the world) as the main airport of Beijing and the largest in China and was being planned as a domestic-only airport. The airport was planned to be able to handle 120 to 200 million passengers a year, which, if capacity were fully used, would make it the world's busiest airport by passenger traffic, surpassing Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport by far.^[28]

Approval for construction

Official approval for construction by the Chinese State Council and officials was given on Sunday, 13 January 2013. It called for an airport to be constructed in the southern part of Daxing District of Beijing, along the border of Beijing and Hebei Province. No design or plans were released due to ongoing negotiations. It was stated that it would consist of 7 runways, 6 for civilian use and 1 for military purposes. Construction is expected to be completed in September 2019^[29] with a capacity of handling 75 million passengers by 2025. The estimated cost of construction is at least 70 billion RMB (US$11.2 billion), including the {{convert|37|km|abbr=on}} Beijing–Xiong'an intercity railway (Beijing section), to Beijing West railway station.^[30]^[31]

Construction

In December 2017, hundreds of Qing dynasty tombs were discovered during construction.^[34]

On January 23, 2019, the first flight inspection began to be carried out and is expected to be completed in March.

Service development

It was initially planned for airlines of the SkyTeam alliance to be relocated to the new airport, while Star Alliance airlines would remain at Capital, effectively making both airports hubs.^[35] This was confirmed in 2016, when the Civil Aviation Administration of China announced that China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines and Xiamen Airlines along with other SkyTeam airlines would move to the new airport, while Air China and other Star Alliance carriers would remain at Capital.^[36] China Southern, China Eastern and Beijing Capital Airlines' intentions to move to Daxing were confirmed by a Xinhua report in December 2017.^[37]

Nine passenger airlines (China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines (including China United Airlines and Shanghai Airlines), Beijing Capital Airlines, Hebei Airlines, Spring Airlines, Okay Airways, Juneyao Airlines, XiamenAir and Donghai Airlines) and one cargo airline (China Postal Airlines) signed agreements with the Capital Airport Group to enter the new airport.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}

Among Oneworld carriers, American Airlines has indicated plans to relocate flights from Capital to Daxing due to its tie-up with China Southern,^[39] but Cathay Pacific and Cathay Dragon reportedly intend to stay at Capital.^[40] The alliance announced in February 2019, that its member airlines were considering a formal co-location scheme at Daxing.^[41]

References

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2. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.cri.cn/6909/2011/09/13/1781s658034.htm |title=CRI: Beijing Builds World's Biggest Airport due to Necessity |publisher=CRI |date= |accessdate=2013-03-02 }}
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4. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/new-beijing-airport-to-open-on-oct-1-2019-able-to-accommodate-620000-flights-per-year |title=New Beijing airport to open on Oct 1, 2019, able to accommodate 620,000 flights per year|date=2018-05-17 |accessdate=2018-05-20 |publisher=The Straits Times|agency=China Daily }}
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6. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.travelandleisure.com/airlines-airports/beijing-worlds-biggest-airport|title=The World’s Biggest Airport Will Open in 2019 |work=Travel + Leisure |language=en }}
7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.sg/beijings-daxing-airport-biggest-world-2017-10/?r=US&IR=T|title=Beijing has unveiled a $12 billion airport set to be the biggest in the world — here’s the first look |first=Danielle |last=Muoio|date=2017-10-18 |work=Business Insider Singapore }}
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