| 词条 | Patrick Joseph Hayes |
| 释义 |
| type = Cardinal | honorific-prefix = His Eminence | name = Patrick Joseph Cardinal Hayes | honorific-suffix = | title = Archbishop of New York | image = Cardinal Patrick Hayes.jpg | caption = | province = | diocese = | see = New York | appointed = March 10, 1919 | enthroned = March 19, 1919 | ended = September 4, 1938 | predecessor = John Murphy Farley | successor = Francis Spellman | ordination = September 8, 1892 | ordained_by = Michael Corrigan | consecration = October 28, 1914 | consecrated_by = John Murphy Farley | cardinal = March 24, 1924 | created_cardinal_by = Pius XI | rank = Cardinal-Priest | other_post =Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Via Vicar Apostolic for the United States Armed Forces | previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Auxiliary Bishop of New York (1914–1919)}} | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1867|11|20|mf=y}} | birth_place = New York City, New York | death_date = {{death date and age|1938|9|4|1867|11|20|mf=y}} | death_place = Monticello, New York | buried = St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York | nationality = | religion = | residence = | parents = | spouse = | children = | occupation = | profession = | alma_mater = | signature = | coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Patrick Joseph Hayes.svg | motto =Domine Mane Nobiscum (Stay With Us O Lord) }}{{Ordination | date of consecration = October 28, 1914 | consecrated by = John Murphy Farley | bishop 1 = William F. O'Hare, S.J. | consecration date 1 = February 25, 1920 | bishop 2 = John Joseph Dunn | consecration date 2 = October 28, 1921 | bishop 3 = Daniel Joseph Curley | consecration date 3 = May 1, 1923 | bishop 4 = John Joseph Mitty | consecration date 4 = September 8, 1926 | bishop 5 = Joseph Francis Rummel | consecration date 5 = May 28, 1928 | bishop 6 = John Francis O'Hern | consecration date 6 = March 9, 1929 | bishop 7 = James Edward Kearney | consecration date 7 = October 28, 1932 | bishop 8 = James Thomas Gibbons Hayes | consecration date 8 = June 18, 1933 | bishop 9 = Stephen Joseph Donahue | consecration date 9 = May 1, 1934 | bishop 10 = Bartholomew J. Eustace | consecration date 10 = March 25, 1938 }}{{Infobox cardinal styles | cardinal name = Patrick Hayes | dipstyle = His Eminence | offstyle = Your Eminence | relstyle = Cardinal | deathstyle = none | See = New York | image = Coat of arms of Patrick Joseph Hayes.svg | image_size = 200px}} Patrick Joseph Hayes (November 20, 1867 – September 4, 1938) was an American cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of New York from 1919 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1924. Life and careerEarly life and educationPatrick Hayes was born in the Five Points section of Manhattan to Daniel Hayes and Mary Gleason.[1] In his own words, Hayes "was born very humble and, I may say, of poor people."[2] Both of his parents were from County Kerry, Ireland, and moved to the United States in 1864.[2] A younger brother, John, was born in 1870. Hayes' mother died in June 1872, and his father later remarried around 1876; a half-sister, Anastasia, was also born that year.[2] At age 15, he was sent to live with his aunt and uncle, who ran a grocery store where Hayes then worked.[2] After attending La Salle Academy, Hayes studied at Manhattan College, where he excelled at philosophy and the classics and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree with high honors in 1888.[2] At Manhattan, he also befriended George Mundelein, who would later become Archbishop of Chicago.[7] Hayes then attended St. Joseph's Seminary in Troy.[1] Ordination and ministryHayes was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Michael Corrigan on September 8, 1892.[1] He was then sent for further studies at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., earning a Licentiate of Sacred Theology in 1894.[2] Upon his return to New York City, Hayes was appointed Curate at St. Gabriel's Church on the Lower East Side, where he served under its pastor, John Murphy Farley (whom he would later succeed as Archbishop of New York).[2] Hayes, following Farley's elevation to the episcopacy, served as his private secretary from 1895 to 1903, thereafter he was appointed chancellor of the Archdiocese and Rector of the Cathedral College.[2] He was named Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on October 15, 1907.[1] Auxiliary Bishop of New YorkOn July 3, 1914, Hayes was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of New York and Titular Bishop of Thagaste by Pope Pius X.[3] He received his episcopal consecration on the following October 28 from Cardinal Farley, with Bishops Henry Gabriels and Thomas Cusack serving as co-consecrators, at St. Patrick's Cathedral.[3] Bishop for the Military ServicesHayes was later named Vicar Apostolic of Military, USA, on November 24, 1917.[3] Serving as head of the American military ordinariate during World War I, he recruited hundreds of priests as commissioned officers or chaplains.[2] He was also one of the four episcopal members of the executive committee of the National Catholic War Council.[2] Archbishop of New YorkFollowing the death of Cardinal Farley in September 1918, Hayes was appointed by Pope Benedict XV as the fifth Archbishop of New York on March 10, 1919.[3] He was formally installed as Archbishop on the following March 19.[4] He founded the archdiocesan Catholic Charities in 1920, and subsequently became known as "the Cardinal of Charities."[4] In a 1921 pastoral letter, Hayes strongly condemned abortion, contraception and divorce.[5] He had the first convention of the American Birth Control League raided,[6] and later called its members "prophets of decadence".[7] He welcomed the election of Éamon de Valera as President of the Irish Republic and contributed $1,000 to Sinn Féin.[2] CardinalPope Pius XI created him Cardinal Priest of Santa Maria in Via in the consistory of March 24, 1924. It was speculated that the Pope delayed his elevation to the Sacred College of Cardinals because a group from St. Patrick's Cathedral had stoned the nearby Union Club for flying a British flag, but Pius nevertheless warmly greeted Hayes at the consistory as "dear little brother".[4][8]The cardinal opposed Prohibition, backed legislation to limit indecency on the stage, and endorsed unemployment relief during the Great Depression. Commenting on the Depression in 1931, he stated, "The American people are experiencing a return to religion following a period of carelessness and cynicism marked by the prosperity of the land...Now they are returning when they find they are in need of something greater than the material in facing adversity and stress."[9] After the Rev. Charles Coughlin praised the late Mayor Jimmy Walker in New York, Hayes, who had earlier denounced Walker for his perceived lack of morality, ruled that no ecclesiastical visitor might address a religious gathering without the cardinal's permission.[10] On June 24, 1924, he offered the invocation at the opening of the 1924 Democratic National Convention.[11] He used his Tammany Hall connections to line up Democratic support in Congress for legislation protecting Catholic schools in the Philippines in 1932.[12] Hayes had a summer house in the Catskills, near St. Joseph's camp, maintained by the Amityville Dominican nuns; he once encountered a group of Klansmen there.[4] Hayes died from a heart attack, caused by coronary thrombosis, in Monticello, New York, at age 70.[13] He was originally interred in a grotto chapel at St. Joseph's camp. When the sisters sold the property he was then interred in the crypt under the altar of St. Patrick's Cathedral. Cardinal Hayes High School in The Bronx is named after him. Images{{clear}}See also{{wikisourceauthor}}{{Portal|Catholicism}}{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church|title=Hayes, Joseph|url=http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1924.htm#Hayes|last=Miranda|first=Salvador}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite news|work=Dictionary of American Biography|title=Hayes, Patrick Joseph|url=http://www.genforum.familytreemaker.com/hayes/messages/6937.html}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Patrick Joseph Cardinal Hayes|url=http://www.Catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bhayesp.html}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|date=September 30, 1935|work=Time Magazine|title=Catholics in Cleveland|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,749143-2,00.html}} 5. ^{{cite news|date=November 14, 1921|work=Catholic Family News|title=Christmas Pastoral Letter of Archbishop Hayes|url=http://www.cfnews.org/Hayes-Christmas.htm|last=Hayes|first=Patrick}} 6. ^{{cite news|date=February 18, 1935|work=Time Magazine|title=Birth Control's 21st|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,748484,00.html}} 7. ^{{cite news|work=Margaret Sanger Papers Project|title="Sanger, Censorship, and the Catholic Church – The Latest Battle in a Long War," #6, Winter 1993/4|url=http://www.nyu.edu/projects/sanger/secure/newsletter/articles/sanger_censorship_and_Catholic_church.html}} 8. ^{{cite news|date=March 17, 1924|work=Time Magazine|title=Two Americans|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,717951,00.html}} 9. ^1 {{cite news|date=March 16, 1931|work=Time Magazine|title=Roman Senator|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,769561,00.html}} 10. ^{{cite news|date=December 11, 1933|work=Time Magazine|title=Priest in Politics|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,746503,00.html}} 11. ^Official Report of the Proceedings of the Democratic National Convention, published by the Democratic National Committee (1924) 12. ^{{cite news|date=May 12, 2000|work=The New York Times|title=Politicians of the Cloth|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/12/opinion/politicians-of-the-cloth.html?n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes%20Topics%2FOrganizations%2FR%2FRoman%20Catholic%20Church%20|last=Morris|first=Charles R.}} 13. ^{{cite news|date=September 12, 1938|work=Time Magazine|title=Death of Hayes|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,760192,00.html}} External links
12 : 1867 births|1938 deaths|20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops|American cardinals|American Roman Catholic clergy of Irish descent|Catholic University of America alumni|Roman Catholic Archbishops of New York|Manhattan College alumni|American military chaplains|Burials at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York|World War I chaplains|People from Five Points, Manhattan |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。