“Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference ({{lang-fr|Table ronde belgo-congolaise}}) was a meeting organized in two parts^[1] in 1960 in Brussels (January 20 – February 20^[2] and April 26 – May 16 ^[3]) between on the one side representatives of the Congolese political class and chiefs ({{lang-fr|chefs coutumiers}}) and on the other side Belgian political and business leaders.^[2] The round table meetings led to the adoption of sixteen resolutions on the future of the Belgian Congo and its institutional reforms. With a broad consensus, the date for independence was set on June 30, 1960.

Background

The idea for a round table conference was first formulated in 1959 by the Congolese Labour Party (PTC, {{lang-fr|Parti Travailliste Congolais}}).^[4] It gathered support from the Bakongo Alliance (ABAKO) and the Belgian Socialist Party (PSB).^[4]

The idea of a bilateral conference aimed at organizing the independence of the Belgian colony was in turn adopted by the minister of Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi, August de Schryver, who was also the leader of the Christian Social Party, Belgium's largest political party at the time.^[5] Several factors contributed to this idea taking shape, including:

The creation of a large scale Belgian-Congolese dialogue was also compatible with a speech from Belgian King Baudouin broadcast on January 13, 1959.

Where he expressed the desire to "lead the Congolese populations, without harmful procrastination, but also without thoughtless haste, toward independence, in prosperity, and in peace."^[10]

On January 3, 1960, the Belgian government announced it was convening a round table conference with the goal of helping the Congolese transition from colonial rule to independence.^[3]

Congolese delegations

A number of traditional chiefs (chefs coutumiers) were invited to the Round Table Conference to reduce the proportion of key independence figures in the delegations.^[17] The following is a complete list of the Congolese delegates and their Belgian advisers to the first conference:{{sfn|The Belgo-Congolese Round Table|1960|pp=62–63}}{{efn|Some individuals are only identified by their surname.}}

Political parties

Tribal chieftains

Advisers

Other

Edouard Bayona, a Congolese attaché to the Belgian government, was appointed to attend the conference.{{sfn|Makombo|1998|p=436}} Journalist and future Congolese dictator Joseph-Désiré Mobutu attended the conference as Patrice Lumumba's secretary.^[11]

Belgian delegation

Étienne Davignon, future vice-president of the European Commission, was also at the conference attached to the Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Prelude

On the eve of the conference the Congolese delegations held a series of meetings. Concern was expressed by Congolese students in Brussels that disunity in the Congo would prevent the delegates from taking advantage of Belgium's tenuous position. As a result, almost all of the delegations resolved to form a "Common Front" (Front Commun) to present their demands at the conference.{{sfn|Hoskyns|1965|p=37}} That evening the Common Front released its first statement. It was demanded that the negotiations be more than consultative; all decisions reached should be made binding on the Belgian government. It also required that the Congo should immediately be granted independence. De Schryver and the Belgian delegation were shocked by the joint statement, having underestimated the full extent of Congolese discontent and their willingness to cooperate across party lines.{{sfn|Hoskyns|1965|p=38}}

First conference

The Round Table Conference was opened on January 20 with a speech by Belgian Prime Minister Gaston Eyskens.^[12]

Results

At the end of the conference, the following notable resolutions were adopted:^[1]

See also

Notes

Citations

1. ^¹Joseph Kamanda Kimona-Mbinga, [https://books.google.com/books?id=YXg9o8QR-K0C&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=table+ronde+congo+institutionnel&source=bl&ots=waHG1s87TD&sig=iJXm3WP824wzMBXxKwoGGAuj7KE&hl=fr&ei=_NuaSqa7EIfJ-Qb7mJyPBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5#v=onepage&q=table%20ronde%20congo%20institutionnel&f=false "La stabilité du Congo-Kinshasa: enjeux et perspectives"] 2004
2. ^¹Réseau documentaire international sur la Région des Grands Lacs, "Des «Dialogues» belgo-congolais aux Dialogues intercongolais 1960-2001: À la recherche de l'unité et de la légitimité en R.D.C."
3. ^¹Jules Gérard-Libois, Jean Heinen, [https://books.google.com/books?id=TardYVYbcxgC&pg=PA90&lpg=PA90&dq=table+ronde+bruxelles+avril+1960&source=bl&ots=lSiVm_8d90&sig=sKlI78KxM-i7APGYAgX-CBuSGXQ&hl=fr&ei=ZqSaStD4BMHm-QaPgpWPBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6#v=onepage&q=table%20ronde%20bruxelles%20avril%201960&f=false "Belgique Congo - 1960"] 1993
4. ^¹²Joseph Mbungu Nkandamana, [https://books.google.com/books?id=mPS94eVotO8C&pg=PA177&dq=table+ronde+bruxelles&hl=fr#v=onepage&q=table%20ronde%20bruxelles&f=true "L'indépendance du Congo belge et l'avènement de Lumumba"] 2008
5. ^¹Bernard Laba Nzuzi, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LMEIoMxyjecC&pg=PA29&lpg=PA29&dq=table+ronde+congo+bruxelles&source=bl&ots=Kf4K5ZvKQD&sig=fAZ427oExSXKkMpDCk24i6ZGWSM&hl=fr&ei=Z6qaSt67JIbw-QbP7YmPBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3#v=onepage&q=table%20ronde%20congo%20bruxelles&f=false "L'équation congolaise: visiter le passé afin de mieux s'armer pour l'avenir "] 2007
6. ^World Perspective Monde - Université de Sherbrooke, "Proclamation de l'indépendance du Congo Belge" 2007
7. ^Pierre Stéphany, [https://books.google.com/books?id=xwHQ71GVSnwC&pg=PA104&lpg=PA104&dq=eyskens+table+ronde&source=bl&ots=rlG6C40sdP&sig=5UFROcLya5LVSQ7hCiuDn7MYDvs&hl=fr&ei=gNiaSpDuN43A-QbZnaiPBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2#v=onepage&q=eyskens%20table%20ronde&f=false "Les années 60 en Belgique"] 2006
8. ^Persee - Revues scientifiques, "L'avènement du Congo belge à l'indépendance"
9. ^¹Jean I. N. Kanyarwunga, [https://books.google.com/books?id=u0WKAD-VGIkC&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&dq=discours+baudouin+congo&source=bl&ots=ykp0sISCfd&sig=dlwJL2FoYtqgZO4GuL3xf8bRwK8&hl=fr&ei=AbmaSujmE8nb-QbbgamPBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6#v=onepage&q=discours%20baudouin%20congo&f=false "République démocratique du Congo: les générations condamnées : déliquescence"]
10. ^{{cite book|title=The political future of the Belgian Congo; the royal message and the government's declaration of January 13, 1959 (1959)|year=1959|publisher=Office de l'information et des relations publiques pour le Congo belge et le Ruanda-Urundi|url=https://archive.org/details/ThePoliticalFutureOfTheBelgianCongoTheRoyalMessageAndThe}}
11. ^¹²Le Potentiel, "La Table-Ronde de Bruxelles avait déjoué le plan Van Bilsen" 2006
12. ^Le Potentiel, "La table ronde de Bruxelles comparée à la conférence nationale souveraine" 1995