“Ben Schoeman”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Barend Johannes "Ben" Schoeman^[1] (19 January 1905 – April 1986) was a South African politician of the National Party prominent during the apartheid era. He served as the Minister of Labour from 1948 to 1954, and the Minister of Transport from 1954 until 1974.

History

Prior to entering politics, Schoeman was a member of the elitist and sometimes militant Afrikaner organisation Ossewabrandwag;^[4] during which period he was arrested.^[5] He entered politics as a member of the United Party, being elected as Member of Parliament for Fordsburg in the 1938 general election, gaining a majority of 1,127 over TC Robertson of the Labour Party.^[6] Aged 33, Schoeman was the youngest member of the House of Assembly. At the outbreak of the Second World War, Schoeman supported Prime Minister J. B. M. Hertzog's stance of neutrality. When Hertzog resigned as Prime Minister and switched his allegiance to the National Party,^[7] Schoeman similarly switched parties, and in 1940 he became the head of the National Party in the Witwatersrand, and a member of the party's Executive Committee. He openly supported Germany in the war, saying in 1940: "The whole future of Afrikanerdom is dependent on a German victory. We may as well say that openly, because it is a fact."^[8]

Leadership election

After the assassination of Prime Minister Henrik Verwoerd in September 1966, Schoeman was widely considered to be the favourite to assume leadership of both the National Party and the country. However, the day before the election, he withdrew from the race, granting victory to the only other candidate; John Vorster. In an interview conducted shortly after his withdrawal, Schoeman, who looked as though he had been crying, revealed that he had made the decision due to "gossip, even about my wife."^[9] In their 2003 book Unfinished business: South Africa, Apartheid and Truth, Terry Bell and Dumisa Buhle Ntsebeza suggest that Schoeman was blackmailed by Vorster, though offer no evidence for their theory.^[9] African National Congress stalwart Gwede Mantashe has similarly claimed that Schoeman was blackmailed by "securocrats", forcing him to unexpectedly withdraw his candidacy and allowing the more conservative Vorster to take power.^[10]

Legacy

Phil Weber, an editor of Die Burger, believed that Schoeman was the "most sober thinker" of D. F. Malan's cabinet regarding the government's stance on apartheid.^[11]

Various major public infrastructure projects have been named after the long-serving minister including the larger outer dock of the Port of Cape Town, South Africa's busiest highway Ben Schoeman Freeway and previously the East London Airport.

Publications

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.historicalpapers.wits.ac.za/inventory/AH1092.php |title=Records of the Garment Workers Union |publisher=The Library, University of the Witwatersrand |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |year=2007 |accessdate=20 November 2011}}
2. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lzxEAQAAIAAJ |title=Die Nasionale boek |trans-title=The National Book |author=A. M. Van Schoor |publisher=Edupress |year=1973 |page=145}}
3. ^{{Holland-Vol 2|page=34}}
4. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qIQttVhKf3EC&dq |title=The Road to Democracy in South Africa: 1960-1970 |author=South African Democracy Education Trust (SADET) |year=2004 |publisher=Zebra Press |location=Cape Town |isbn=1-86872-906-0 |page=9}}
5. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=js6vo2NY4Z8C |title=The History of South Africa |last=Best |first=Roger B. |year=2000 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |location=Westport, Connecticut |isbn=0-313-30730-X |issn=1096-2905 |page=121}}
6. ^{{cite book |title=Parlementêre verkiesings in Suid-Afrika, 1910-1976 |trans-title=Parliamentary elections in South Africa, 1910-1976 |last=Schoeman |first=B. M. |year=1977 |publisher=Aktuele Publikasies |location=Pretoria}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/liberation-struggle-south-africa/second-world-war-and-its-impact-1939-1948 |title=Second World War and its impact, 1939-1948 |publisher=South African History Online |accessdate=20 November 2011}}
8. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.disa.ukzn.ac.za/webpages/DC/PVApr73/PVApr73.pdf |title=Civil Rights and the University |last=Budlender |first=Geoff |date=15 April 1973 |issue=2 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926034304/http://www.disa.ukzn.ac.za/webpages/DC/PVApr73/PVApr73.pdf |archivedate=26 September 2015 |df= }}
9. ^¹{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALA8SgeiA_wC&dq |title=Unfinished business: South Africa, Apartheid and Truth |last1=Bell |first1=Terry |last2=Ntsebeza |first2=Dumisa Buhle |authorlink2=Dumisa Ntsebeza |publisher=Verso |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=1-85984-545-2 |page=55}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-10-30-beware-the-blackmailers/|title=Beware the blackmailers, says Mantashe|last=Mantashe|first=Gwede|website=The M&G Online|language=en|access-date=2019-01-02}}
11. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S0259-01902010000100005&script=sci_arttext |title=An ageing anachronism: D.F. Malan as prime minister, 1948-1954 |work=Kronos |volume=36 |issue=1 |location=Cape Town |date=November 2010 |last=Koorts |first=Lindie |issn=0259-0190}}