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词条 Bertha Parker Pallan
释义

  1. Biography

  2. Family

  3. Death

  4. Archaeological career

  5. Publications

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Infobox scientist
|name = Bertha Parker Pallan
|image = Bertha Parker Pallan (Cody) (1907-1978) (6891503755).jpg
|image_size =
|caption = Pallan, holding atlatl darts during Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, Gypsum Cave expedition, circa 1930.
|birth_date = {{birth date|1907|08|30|mf=y}}
|birth_place = Chautauqua County, New York, United States
|death_date = {{death date and age|1978|10|08|1907|08|30|mf=y}}
|death_place = Los Angeles, California, United States
|field = Archaeology, ethnology
|work_institutions = Southwest Museum
|spouse = {{plainlist|
  • Joseph Pallan (m. 1920s–?)
  • James Thurston (m. 1931–1932)
  • Iron Eyes Cody (m. 1936–1978) (her death)

}}
|children = {{plainlist|
  • Wilma Mae (Billie) Pallan (1925–1942)[1]
  • Robert Tree Cody (b. 1951)
  • Arthur William Cody (1952–1996)

}}
}}

Bertha Pallan Thurston Cody (née Parker; August 30, 1907 – October 8, 1978) was an American archaeologist.

Biography

Bertha (Yeawas)[2] "Birdie" Parker was the first Native American female archaeologist, of Abenaki and Seneca descent. She was born in 1907 in Chautauqua County, New York. Her mother, Beulah Tahamont (later Folsom), was an actress; as a teen, she and her mother reportedly performed with Ringling Brothers, Barnum and Bailey as part of the “Pocahontas” show.[2][3] Her father, Arthur C. Parker, was an archaeologist and the first president of the Society for American Archaeology.[4] Her maternal grandparents were the actors Elijah "Chief Dark Cloud" Tahamont and Margaret (Dove Eye) Camp. As a child, she assisted her father in his excavations. {{citation needed|date=January 2016}}

Bertha's mother divorced her father in 1914, and the Tahamonts (Elijah, Margaret, and Beulah) relocated to Los Angeles, with Bertha in tow, to work in Hollywood films.[6] Bertha and her mother also performed with Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus as part of a "Pocahontas" show during her teenage years.[5]

Family

Bertha married Joseph Pallan in the early 1920s and had a daughter, Wilma Mae ("Billie") Pallan in 1925. When the marriage ended, she moved to Nevada to work on an archaeological site for the Southwest Museum, directed by Mark Raymond Harrington. Harrington had recently married Bertha's aunt, Endeka Parker. During the Gypsum Cave expedition, Bertha met, in 1930, and later married, in 1931, the paleontologist, James Thurston,[6] after the expedition, in 1931, both became ill, Thurston died and Bertha was so sick for an extended period of time she moved to be with her parents in Los Angeles.[7][8] The Gypsum Cave was full of dung.[9]

"James Thurston suffered a sudden heart attack while lifting a rock at a research site, and he died on the spot."[10]

She was hired, first as a secretary, and then as an archaeologist and ethnologist, for the Southwest Museum. In 1936, she married the actor Espera Oscar de Corti, also known as Iron Eyes Cody.[11]

In 1942, her 17-year-old daughter Billie was visiting her grandmother Beulah's farm when she died of an accidental gunshot wound.[12] Bertha and Iron Eyes later adopted two Native American sons, Robert "Tree" Cody and Arthur William Cody (1952–1996). Bertha and Iron Eyes were central figures in the success of the Los Angeles Indian Center, a gathering place for urban Indians relocated to Los Angeles.[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]

Death

Bertha Parker Pallan died in 1978, aged 71. Her gravestone simply reads "Mrs. Iron Eyes Cody".[23][24]

Archaeological career

Mark Raymond Harrington, her uncle, hired Bertha as a camp cook and expedition secretary.[25] shortly after marrying her aunt Endeka.[26] She participated in excavations at the site of Mesa House and other locales, and Harrington taught her archaeological methods in the field. In 1929, she discovered and did a solo excavation at the pueblo site of Scorpion Hill; the finds were exhibited in the Southwest Museum.[27]

Bertha worked at Gypsum Cave in 1930,[25][28] a site that Harrington promoted as having the earliest evidence for human occupation of North America during the Pleistocene.[29]

As the expedition secretary, Bertha worked at cleaning, repairing, and cataloguing finds;[30] in addition, she explored the rooms of the cave in her spare time and was able to reach into some of the most inaccessible crevices. On one of these occasions she discovered the skull of a species of extinct giant ground sloth, Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair, alongside ancient human tools, in Room 3.[31] Harrington noted that the find was the most important one of the expedition, because it drew the support of additional institutions, notably the California Institute of Technology and later the Carnegie Institution of Washington.[32]

While on this expedition, Bertha also discovered the site of Corn Creek after seeing fossil camel bone protruding from an eroding lake bed.[33]

From 1931 to 1941, Bertha worked as an Assistant in Archaeology and Ethnology at the Southwest Museum. She published a number of archaeological and ethnological papers in the museum journal, Masterkey, from the early 1930s through the 1960s. These included papers such as "California Indian Baby Cradles", "Kachina Dolls" and several articles on the Yurok Tribe, including "Some Yurok Customs and Beliefs".

Bertha Parker Pallan Thurston Cody is notable in the field of archaeology for her role as a ground-breaker: she was one of the first (if not the first) Native American female archaeologists.[34][35] She was certainly first in her ability to conduct this work at a high level of skill, yet without a university education, making discoveries and gaining insights that impressed the trained archaeologists around her.[32]

Publications

The following are listed as they appear in a list compiled by Marge Bruchac.[36][26][37]

Masterkey is Southwest Museum’s journal.[38]

Published under the name of Bertha Parker Thurston:
  • 1933. "Scorpion Hill." Masterkey. v. VII, pp. 171–177.
  • 1933. "A night in a Maidu shaman's house." Masterkey.v.VII, pp. 111–115.
  • 1934. "How he became a medicine-man." Masterkey. v. VIII, pp. 79–81.
  • 1935. "How a Maidu-medicine man lost his power; related to Bertha Parker Thurston by a Maidu Indian herbalist." Masterkey. v. IX, p. 28–29.
  • 1936. "A rare treat at a Maidu medicine-man's feast." Masterkey. v. X, pp. 16–21.
Published under the name of Bertha Parker Cody:
  • 1939. "A tale of witchcraft as told by a Tewa Indian of New Mexico." Masterkey. v. XIII, pp. 188–189.
  • 1939. "A Maidu myth of the first death; by Bertha Parker Cody, as related by Mandy Wilson of Chico, California." Masterkey. v. XIII, p. 144.
  • 1939. "A Maidu myth of the creation of Indian women; by Bertha Parker Cody, as related by Mandy Wilson, Maidu Indian of Chico, California. Masterkey. v. XIII, p. 83.
  • 1939. "Kachina dolls." Masterkey. v. XIII, pp. 25–30.[39]
  • 1940. "Pomo bear impersonators." Masterkey. 1940. v. XIV, pp. 132–137.
  • 1940. "California Indian baby cradles." Masterkey. v. XIV, pp. 89–96. (Southwest Museum Leaflets, No. 12)[40][41]
  • 1940. Photograph: "Amanda Wilson and granddaughter" (Southwest Museum MSS 160:143:58)[30]
  • 1941. "A note on basket care." Masterkey. v. XV, pp. 23–24.
  • 1941. "Gold ornaments of Ecuador." Masterkey.v. XV, pp. 87–95.
  • 1942. "Simply strung on a single strand." Masterkey. v. XVI, pp. 175–176.
  • 1942. "Some Yurok customs and beliefs." Masterkey. v. XVII, pp. 81–87.
  • 1943. "Some Yurok customs and beliefs." Masterkey. v. XVI, pp. 157–162.
  • 1955. "Enrique" crosses the divide." [Obituary]. Masterkey. vol.XXX, p. 102.
  • 1961. "Clarence Arthur Ellsworth [1885-1961]; gifted painter of Indians."Masterkey. vol. XXXV, (no. 1), pp. 75–77.
Published under the name of her Yurok interviewee, Jane Van Stralen:
  • 1941. "Yurok tales, as told by Jane Van Stralen to Bertha Parker Cody." Masterkey. v. XV, pp. 228–231.
  • 1942. "Yurok fish-dam dance; as told by Jane Van Stralen to Bertha Parker Cody." Masterkey. v. XVI, pp. 81–86.

References

1. ^https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/76662577/wilma-mae-pallan
2. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=RXS7sqWb180C|title=Field Man: Life as a Desert Archaeologist|first=Julian D.|last=Hayden|date=12 September 2018|publisher=University of Arizona Press|accessdate=12 September 2018|via=Google Books|isbn=9780816529056}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://trowelblazers.com/bertha-birdie-parker-also-known-as/|title=Bertha "Birdie" Parker|author=|date=|website=trowelblazers.com|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web|publisher=Society for American Archaeology|title=SAA Native American Scholarships|url=http://www.saa.org/AbouttheSociety/Awards/SAANativeAmericanScholarships/tabid/163/Default.aspx}}
5. ^1 {{cite book|last=Hayden|first=Julian D.|title=Field Man: Life as a Desert Archaeologist|year=2011|publisher=University of Arizona Press|page=22|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RXS7sqWb180C|isbn=9780816529056}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2007AM/finalprogram/abstract_131608.htm|title=THE CAREER OF JAMES E. THURSTON AND THE EXTINCTION OF THE PROFESSIONAL FIELD COLLECTOR IN NORTH AMERICAN VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY|author=|date=|website=gsa.confex.com|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
7. ^{{cite book|last=Colwell-Chanthaphonh|first=Chip|first2=John Stephen|last2=Colwell-Chanthaphonh|title=Inheriting the Past: The Making of Arthur C Parker and Indigenous Archaeology|year=2009|publisher=University of Arizona Press|page=172|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMQl3xJrweMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=9780816526567}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://alexis-george.com/bertha-parker-pallen-cody-first-native-american-archaeologist/|title=Bertha Parker Pallen Cody – First Native American Archaeologist|author=|date=|website=alexis-george.com|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://lasvegassun.com/news/1996/nov/03/southern-nevadans-work-to-save-states-historic-roo/|title=Southern Nevadans work to save state's historic roots - Las Vegas Sun Newspaper|author=|date=1996-11-03|website=lasvegassun.com|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
10. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i45JDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102&lpg=PA102&dq=Thurston|title=Savage Kin: Indigenous Informants and American Anthropologists|first=Margaret M.|last=Bruchac|date=10 April 2018|publisher=University of Arizona Press|accessdate=12 September 2018|via=Google Books|isbn=9780816538300}}
11. ^{{cite news|last=Waldman|first=Amy|title=Iron Eyes Cody, 94, an Actor And Tearful Anti-Littering Icon|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/05/arts/iron-eyes-cody-94-an-actor-and-tearful-anti-littering-icon.html|newspaper=New York Times|date=January 1999}}
12. ^{{cite web|website=Rootsweb|title=Wilma Mae Pallan|url=http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=birdieparker&id=I135}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/?all=true&fa=subject:california%7Ccontributor:los+angeles+indian+center|title=Newspaper, California, Los Angeles Indian Center|first=|last=|date=|website=loc.gov|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
14. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/15/us/indian-center-in-west-closed-in-inquiry-on-us-job-funds.html|title=INDIAN CENTER IN WEST CLOSED IN INQUIRY ON U.S. JOB FUNDS|first=Pauline Yoshihashi and Special To the New York|last=Times|date=1986-09-15|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.indiancenter.org/about-scic.html|title=About SCIC|author=|date=|website=Southern California Indian Center, Inc.|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
16. ^{{cite book|title=Formats and Editions of Talking leaf. [WorldCat.org]|author=|date=|oclc = 145379298}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://calisphere.org/item/fdb57d98726245312b29e9c75ecf4d39/|title=Indian Center proves splendid place for browsing|author=|date=|website=Calisphere|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
18. ^{{cite journal|title=Review|first=Coll|last=Thrush|date=1 August 2013|publisher=|journal=Pacific Historical Review|volume=82|issue=3|pages=451–452|doi=10.1525/phr.2013.82.3.451}}
19. ^Rosenthal, Reimagining Indian Country: Native American Migration and Identity in Twentieth-Century Los Angeles, Review of Book by Coll Thrush
20. ^{{cite journal|title=The Migration and Adaptation of American Indians to Los Angeles|first=JOHN A.|last=PRICE|date=12 September 1968|publisher=|journal=Human Organization|volume=27|issue=2|pages=168–175|jstor = 44124490|doi = 10.17730/humo.27.2.m5525tv6nwx42qv3}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=https://networks.h-net.org/node/3119/reviews/135863/holly-rosenthal-reimagining-indian-country-native-american-migration|title=Holly on Rosenthal, 'Reimagining Indian Country: Native American Migration and Identity in Twentieth-Century Los Angeles' - H-Florida - H-Net|author=|date=|website=networks.h-net.org|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=https://calisphere.org/item/ark:/21198/zz0002pzsj/|title=Woman at loom with child at the Los Angeles Indian Center 2920 Beverly Blvd. in Los Angeles, Calif., 1954|author=|date=|website=Calisphere|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5094/iron_eyes-cody|title=Iron Eyes Cody (1904-1999) - Find A Grave...|author=|date=|website=www.findagrave.com|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6581062/bertha-alden-cody|title=Bertha Alden "Birdie" Parker Cody (1907-1978) -...|author=|date=|website=www.findagrave.com|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
25. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Harrington|first=M.R.|title=Man and Beast in Gypsum Cave|journal=Desert Magazine|date=April 1940|pages=3–5|url= http://dezertmagazine.com/mine/1940DM04/index.html|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131022123533/http://mydesertmagazine.com/files/194004-DesertMagazine-1940-April.pdf|archivedate= 2013-10-22|df=}}
26. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://sarweb.org/scholars/resident/2011-2012/margaret-m-bruchac/|title=Margaret M. Bruchac - School for Advanced Research|author=|date=|website=sarweb.org|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
27. ^1933. Thurston, Bertha Parker. "Scorpion Hill." Masterkey. v. VII, pp. 171–177.
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://lamokaledger.com/arthur-beulah-and-bertha-the-extended-parker-family/|title=Arthur, Beulah, and Bertha: The Extended Parker Family|author=|date=26 March 2014|website=lamokaledger.com|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
29. ^{{cite journal|last=Harrington|first=M.R.|title=Ashes Found with Sloth Remains|journal=The Science News-Letter|date=June 1930|volume=17|issue=478|page=365|jstor=3905773|doi=10.2307/3905773}}
30. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://calisphere.org/item/5bfaf0f7073dc910ca14463378e8dd72/|title=Amanda Wilson and granddaughter|author=|date=|website=Calisphere|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
31. ^{{cite journal|last=Harrington|first=M.R.|title=Man and Beast in Gypsum Cave|journal=Desert Magazine|date=April 1940|pages=3–5|url=http://mydesertmagazine.com/files/194004-DesertMagazine-1940-April.pdf|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022123533/http://mydesertmagazine.com/files/194004-DesertMagazine-1940-April.pdf|archivedate=2013-10-22|df=}}
32. ^1 Bruchac, Margaret M. April 9, 2014. "Breaking Ground in the 1930s: Bertha Parker, First Female Native American Archaeologist." Keynote for the Sixth Annual Regina Herzfeld Flannery Lecture on the Cultural Heritage of Native Americans at Catholic University, Washington, DC.
33. ^{{cite book|last=Rafferty|first=Kevin|title=Cultural Resources Overview of the Las Vegas Valley|year=1984|page=19|url=http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/medialib/blm/nv/cultural/reports/technical_reports.Par.38006.File.dat/13_Cultural_Resources_Overview_Las_Vegas_Valley.pdf|access-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923232138/http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/medialib/blm/nv/cultural/reports/technical_reports.Par.38006.File.dat/13_Cultural_Resources_Overview_Las_Vegas_Valley.pdf|archive-date=2015-09-23|dead-url=yes|df=}}
34. ^{{cite web|title=Bertha Parker Pallan [Cody] (1907-1978)|url=http://siris-archives.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!306365!0|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=20 October 2013}}
35. ^{{cite book|last=Browman|first=David L.|title=Cultural Negotiations: The Role of Women in the Founding of Americanist Archaeology|year=2013|publisher=UNP - Nebraska|location=Lincoln|isbn=978-0-8032-4547-1|pages=127–129|url=https://books.google.com/?id=SYvtYW4jL4gC&lpg=PA128&dq=Bertha%20Parker%20Pallan&pg=PA128#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
36. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Bruchac|first=Marge|title=First Female Native American Archaeologist|url=http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-amindian&month=0504&week=d&msg=yD6InQQ1H%2BT2ZpRXXRGCQQ|journal=H-Net Email Listserv|date=2005-04-27}} [https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1145&context=anthro_papers pdf]
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://anthropology.cua.edu/deptevents.cfm|title=CUA Anthropology Department Symposia|author=|date=|website=anthropology.cua.edu|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theheroinecollective.com/bertha-cody/|title=BIOGRAPHY: Bertha Cody – Native American Archaeology|author=|date=19 April 2016|website=theheroinecollective.com|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://uair.arizona.edu/item/256861|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017020510/http://uair.arizona.edu/item/256861|dead-url=yes|archive-date=17 October 2013|title=Kachina dolls|author=Bertha Parker Cody|date=17 October 2013|website=UAiR: University of Arizona Institutional Repository|via=archive.org|accessdate=12 September 2018}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/California-Indian-Baby-Cradles-Southwest/dp/B001N0RTZ0|title=California Indian Baby Cradles: Southwest Museum Leaflets, No. 12|first=Bertha Parker|last=Cody|date=|publisher=Southwest Museum|accessdate=12 September 2018|via=Amazon}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=https://www2.palomar.edu/users/ddozier/personal_pages/publications/basket_bib.htm|title=A California Basketry Bibliography|author=|date=|website=Palomar College|accessdate=12 September 2018}}

External links

  • {{cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6581062/bertha-alden-cody|title=Bertha Alden "Birdie" Parker Cody (1907-1978) |author=|date=|website=Find A Grave|accessdate=}}
{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pallan, Bertha Parker}}

11 : 1907 births|1978 deaths|American archaeologists|Women archaeologists|Writers from New York (state)|Abenaki people|Seneca people|20th-century archaeologists|20th-century American writers|20th-century women writers|Disease-related deaths in California
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