| 词条 | Bhumibol Dam |
| 释义 |
| name = Bhumibol Dam | name_official = | image = Bhumibol dam front.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Thailand | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|17|14|33|N|98|58|20|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = Thailand | location = Sam Ngao, Tak | status = In use | construction_began = 1958 | opening = 1964 | demolished = | cost = | owner = Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand | dam_type = | dam_height = {{Convert|154|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_length = {{Convert|486|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_width_crest = {{Convert|8|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | dam_crosses = Ping River | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = Bhumibol Reservoir | res_capacity_total = {{Convert|13462000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} | res_capacity_active = {{Convert|9762000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = {{Convert|26400|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} | res_surface = {{Convert|300|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} | res_max_depth = | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = 1964-1996 | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = 2 x 76.3 MW Francis-type, 1 x 115 MW Pelton-type, 1 x 175 MW Francis pump-turbine | plant_capacity = 779.2 MW | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} The Bhumibol Dam (formerly known as the Yanhi Dam) is a concrete arch dam on the Ping River, a tributary of the Chao Phraya River, in Sam Ngao District of Tak Province, Thailand. It is about {{Convert|480|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} north of Bangkok and was built for the purposes of water storage, hydroelectric power production, flood control, fisheries and saltwater intrusion management. The dam was named after King Bhumibol Adulyadej and it was Thailand's first multi-purpose project.[1] BackgroundThe dam was originally called Yanhee Dam in 1951 when the government of prime minister Field Marshal Plaek Pibulsongkram initiated the project. It was renamed Bhumibol Dam in 1957.[1] The dam, among others in the Chao Phraya basin, was constructed beginning in the 1950s to exploit the agricultural and hydroelectric potential of the basin. Construction on the dam began in 1958 and was finished in 1964 at a cost of 3.5 billion baht.[1] The reservoir was completely filled in 1970. The first two generators were commissioned in 1964. In 1972, the Sirikit Dam was completed on the Nan River, one of two major tributaries of the Chao Phraya including the Ping. The Bhumibol and Sirkit Dams control 22 percent of the Chao Phraya's annual runoff combined.[2] Both dams also help provide for the irrigation of {{Convert|1200000|ha|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} in the wet season and {{Convert|480000|ha|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} in the dry season.[3] In 1991, the Lower Mae Ping Dam ({{Coord|17|14|31|N|99|00|58|E|name=Lower Mae Ping Dam}}) was constructed {{Convert|5|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} downstream to create a lower reservoir for the one pumped-storage turbine that was installed. When constructed, the Bhumibol Dam contributed 22 percent of Thailand's power generation and in 2003 that number was two percent.[4] During the 2011 Thailand floods, rainfall for March 2011 over the area of northern Thailand was an extraordinary 344 percent above normal. Bhumibol Dam in particular got {{convert|242.8|mm}} of rain, {{convert|224.7|mm}} above the mean of {{convert|25.2|mm}} and since 1 January had accumulated {{convert|245.9|mm}}, {{convert|216|mm}} or 186 percent above normal.[5] DesignThe dam is an arch-gravity type and is {{Convert|154|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} tall, {{Convert|486|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} long and {{Convert|8|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} wide at its crest. It withholds a reservoir of {{Convert|13462000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} of which {{Convert|9762000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} is active or "useful" storage. The dam's catchment area is {{Convert|26400|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} while its surface area is {{Convert|300|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.[2] The Lower Mae Ping Dam is {{Convert|8|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} high, {{Convert|300|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} long and has a storage capacity of {{Convert|5000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}}. In off-peak hours, the one pump-turbine returns water back into the Bhumibol (upper) reservoir and when demand is high, the pump serves as a generator for power production.[4] Power stationThe power plant contains eight turbines for an installed capacity of {{convert|779.2|MW}}.[6] Six are {{convert|76.3|MW}} Francis-type, one is a {{convert|115|MW}} Pelton turbine and one is a {{convert|175|MW}} Francis pump-turbine.[6][7] The dam's power house underwent upgrades and renovations in the 1990s.[7] See also{{stack|{{Portal|Thailand|Water|Renewable energy}}}}
References1. ^1 {{cite news|title=Nai Luang, the great traveller|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1114797/nai-luang-the-great-traveller|accessdate=20 October 2016|work=Bangkok Post|date=20 October 2016}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|title=Chao Phraya River Basin (Thailand)|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:dJY3IyC4BXcJ:www.unesco.org/water/wwap/case_studies/chao_phraya/chao_phraya.pdf+Chao+Phraya+River+Basin+UNESCO&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg3lABnssp5mFjeTatxs2X9DXQGcpYfNPZbnKyWS70cXtoYLmWGgIimAtG5BScHso3p50ik3Gklc7lsZl9sPlb3d0rktulAno7Pqd7VX0mAXofve20yvgrs5xsHmQFqmYxK5TTs&sig=AHIEtbRml7z8FMbtyRH491Xm94Rpc482tQ |publisher=UNESCO |pages=392| accessdate=6 March 2011}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Bhumibol Dam |url=http://www.rid.go.th/eng/kw-13_eg.htm |publisher=Royal Irrigation Department - Thailand |accessdate=6 March 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917023206/http://www.rid.go.th/eng/kw-13_eg.htm |archivedate=17 September 2008 |df= }} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Bhumibol Dam, Thailand|url=http://www.sustainablehydropower.org/site/social/schemes/bhumibol.html|website=Sustainable Hydropower|accessdate=6 March 2011}} 5. ^{{cite news |title=The Thai floods, rain, and water going into the dams – Part 2 |author=Bangkok Pundit |url= |newspaper=Asian Correspondent|date= 3 November 2011|accessdate=|quote= Monthly Current Report Rainfall and Accumulative Rainfall March 2011. Source: Thai Meteorological Department}}{{failed verification|date=March 2018}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Bhumibol Dam|url=https://www.egat.co.th/en/information/power-plants-and-dams?view=article&id=50|website=Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)|accessdate=19 March 2018}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|title=Bhumibol Hydroelectric Power Project Thailand|url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/41501|website=Global Energy Observatory|accessdate=19 March 2018}} External links{{Commons category|Bhumibol Dam}}
8 : Dams in Thailand|Hydroelectric power stations in Thailand|Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations in Thailand|Arch dams|Dams completed in 1964|Buildings and structures in Tak Province|1964 establishments in Thailand|Energy infrastructure completed in 1964 |
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