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词条 Bids for the 2020 Summer Olympics
释义

  1. Bidding process

     Bidding timeline  Evaluation of applicant cities  Final selection process 

  2. Bidding cities

      Candidate cities   Non-selected applicant cities  Cancelled bid  Proposed bids which did not go to application 

  3. References

  4. External links

     Applicant files  Candidature files 
{{Infobox Olympic bid|2020|Summer|
| main = yes
| Paralympics = yes
|logo =
|logo-size = 200x
|winner = Tokyo
|votes1 = 60
|runner-up = Istanbul
|votes2 = 36
|shortlisted1 = Madrid
|1stBid = 1 September 2011
|decision = 7 September 2013
}}{{2020 Summer Olympics}}

There were a total of six bids which were initially submitted for the 2020 Summer Olympics. Tokyo was ultimately elected as the host city at the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 7 September 2013.

Bidding process

The Olympic bidding process begins with the submission of a city's application to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) by its National Olympic Committee (NOC) and ends with the election of the host city by the members of the IOC during an ordinary session. The process is governed by the Olympic Charter, as stated in Chapter 5, Rule 34.[1]

Since 1999, the process has consisted of two phases. During the first phase, which begins immediately after the bid submission deadline, the "applicant cities" are required to answer a questionnaire covering themes of importance to a successful Games organization. This information allows the IOC to analyze the cities' hosting capacities and the strengths and weaknesses of their plans. Following a detailed study of the submitted questionnaires and ensuing reports, the IOC Executive Board selects the cities that are qualified to proceed to the next phase. The second phase is the true candidature stage: the accepted applicant cities (from now on referred to as "candidate cities") are required to submit a second questionnaire in the form of an extended, more detailed, candidature file.[2] These files are carefully studied by the IOC Evaluation Commission, a group composed of IOC members, representatives of international sport federations, NOCs, athletes, the International Paralympic Committee, and international experts in various fields.[3] It is chaired by Sir Craig Reedie. The members of the Evaluation Commission then make four-day inspection visits to each of the candidate cities, where they check the proposed venues and are briefed about details of the themes covered in the candidature file. The Evaluation Commission communicates the results of its inspections in a report sent to the IOC members up to one month before the electing IOC Session.[2]

The IOC Session in which a host city is elected takes place in a country that did not submit an application to stage the Olympics.[2] The election is made by the assembled active IOC members (excluding honorary and honor members), each possessing one vote. Members from countries that have a city taking part in the election cannot vote while the city is in the running. The voting is conducted in a succession of rounds until one bid achieves an absolute majority of votes; if this does not happen in the first round, the bid with the fewest votes is eliminated and another voting round begins. In the case of a tie for the lowest number of votes, a special runoff vote is carried out, with the winner proceeding to the next round. After each round, the eliminated bid is announced.[4][5] Following the announcement of the host city, the successful bid delegation signs the "Host City Contract" with the IOC, which delegates the responsibilities of the Games organisation to the city and respective NOC.[6]

Bidding timeline

The timeline of the host city selection process was approved by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) executive board as follows:[7][8]

  • 2011:

16 May – IOC sent letters inviting the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) to submit bids

July and August – IOC asked for NOCs to submit letters regarding compliance with the World Anti-doping Agency code by 29 July. The IOC also requested submissions of proposed dates if countries want to stage the Games outside the normal period set by the IOC (15 July to 31 August). The IOC responded to NOCs on these points by the end of August.

1 September – Deadline to submit the names of cities interested in hosting the 2020 Summer Games

2 September – IOC confirmed that they had received six bids

3–4 November – IOC held an information seminar for 2020 applicants

8 December – IOC announced the drawing lots order of applicant cities

  • 2012:

15 February – application files and guarantee letters submitted to the IOC

23 May – IOC executive board in Quebec City[9] decided which cities were to be approved as official candidate cities[10]

27 July – 12 August – Olympic Games Observers’ Programme at the Games of the XXX Olympiad in London

14–21 November – 2012 Olympic Games debrief in Rio de Janeiro

  • 2013:

7 January – Candidature Files Submitted[11]

4–7 March – IOC Evaluation Commission visited Tokyo

18–21 March – IOC Evaluation Commission visited Madrid

24–27 March – IOC Evaluation Commission visited Istanbul

25 June – Report of the IOC evaluation commission[12]

3–4 July – Candidate cities briefing to IOC Members at Extraordinary session in Lausanne[13]

7 September – Election of the host city at 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires[14]

Evaluation of applicant cities

Six cities were put forward by their respective National Olympic Committees (NOCs) to apply to host the Games initially, but Rome withdrew its bid shortly before the applicant files were due.[15] The bidding cities come from two continents, Europe and Asia (Istanbul is considered to be located on the border between Asia and Europe). In 2020 it will be twelve years since an Asian city hosted the Summer Olympics (Beijing 2008) and eight years since a European city hosted the Summer Olympics (London 2012). Out of the six bidders, Tokyo had previously hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1964. The other four bidders have made bids in the past. It is the first time in 20 years that no city in the Americas bid to host the Summer Olympic Games. Rio de Janeiro was awarded the 2016 Summer Olympics. Baku and Doha bid for the 2016 Games but failed to become candidate cities, while Tokyo and Madrid also bid for the 2016 Games and became candidate cities.

Table of scores given by the IOC Working Group to assess the quality and feasibility of the 2020 Applicant cities[16]
CriteriaIstanbulTokyoBakuDohaMadrid
{{flag|TUR{{flag|JPN{{flag|AZE{{flag|QAT{{flag|ESP
MinMaxMinMaxMinMaxMinMaxMinMax
Games concept and competition venues6.08.07.09.04.07.05.58.08.09.0
Olympic village(s)6.08.08.09.05.08.07.09.57.09.0
International broadcast centre / media press centre6.08.08.09.04.06.07.09.06.09.0
Sports experience5.57.07.08.03.55.55.07.57.58.5
Environment and meteorology5.07.05.58.04.07.04.06.07.59.0
Accommodation6.08.09.010.03.05.05.08.08.09.0
Transport5.07.08.09.04.07.06.08.08.09.0
Medical services and doping control7.08.08.09.05.07.08.09.08.09.0
Safety and security6.07.07.09.04.06.06.07.07.08.0
Telecommunications6.08.09.09.05.07.07.08.09.09.0
Energy6.08.05.08.04.05.57.09.08.09.0
Legal aspects, customs, immigration formalities7.09.07.09.06.07.06.07.07.09.0
Government and public support8.09.06.09.07.09.08.09.07.09.0
Finance and marketing6.08.07.08.04.06.08.09.05.08.0

Final selection process

{{main article|125th IOC Session}}

The IOC voted to select the host city of the 2020 Summer Olympics on 7 September 2013 at the 125th IOC Session at the Buenos Aires Hilton in Buenos Aires, Argentina. An exhaustive ballot system was used. No city won over 50% of the votes in the first round, and Madrid and Istanbul were tied for second place. A run-off vote between these two cities was held to determine which would be eliminated. In the final vote, a head-to-head contest between Tokyo and Istanbul, Tokyo was selected by 60 votes to 36 votes.

{{2020 Olympic host city election}}

Bidding cities

The candidate cities for the 2020 Olympics are, in order of drawing lots:[17]

Candidate cities

CityCountryNational Olympic CommitteeResult
Tokyo{{Flag|JapanJapanese Olympic Committee (JOC)Winner
{{further information|Tokyo bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics}}Tokyo was selected by the Japanese Olympic Committee on 16 July 2011, and was confirmed as Japan's bidding city for the 2020 Games.[18][19] Hiroshima was considering making a bid for the games but opted to pull out following poor public reaction to the bid as well as a lack of funding.[20]

Tokyo hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics. Japan has also hosted the Winter Olympics in 1972 and 1998 which were organized in Sapporo and Nagano respectively. Japan previously co-hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup with South Korea; the final was held in Yokohama, near Tokyo. Further, Japan hosted the 2006 FIBA World Championship. In 2011, the Gymnastics World Championships were also held in Tokyo. Japan will host the 2019 Rugby World Cup and two of the venues for the event are located in the Greater Tokyo Area.

Istanbul{{Flag|TurkeyTurkish Olympic Committee (TMOK)First runner-up
{{further information|Istanbul bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics}}Istanbul was nominated on 7 July 2011, at the 123rd IOC session, and was confirmed as Turkey's bid on 24 July 2011.[21][22]

Istanbul hosted the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final, 2009 UEFA Cup Final and 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup in football, the 2010 FIBA World Championship for Men, the Euroleague 2011–12 Final Four in basketball, the WTA Tour Championships in tennis, the 2012 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m), and the 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships in athletics. Istanbul will host the 2013 WTA Tour Championships, the 2014 FIBA World Championship for Women, and is considering a bid for the 2032 Summer Olympics.

Madrid{{Flag|SpainSpanish Olympic Committee (COE)Second runner-up
{{further information|Madrid bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics}}

Madrid was nominated by the Spanish Olympic Committee executive committee on 1 June 2011.[23] Madrid's 2020 bid was their third consecutive bid. Spain previously hosted the 1992 Summer Olympics at Barcelona.

Spain hosted the 1982 FIFA World Cup and the final was held in Madrid. It has also hosted the final of European Champions League (1957, 1969, 1980, 2010); the final of Europa League (1985, 1986); final of the FIBA EuroBasket (several times); 1974 EuroHockey Nations Championship; European Judo Championships (1965, 1973, 1981); 2005 UCI Road World Championships; European Karate Championships (1983, 1986); 2005 World Taekwondo Championships; 2002 World Cup in Athletics; Intercontinental Cup (1960, 1966, 1974); 2004 European Aquatics Championships; 1964 European Nations' Cup; 2003 FIVB Volleyball World League; European Athletics Indoor Championships (1968, 1986, 2005); UCI Mountain Bike World Cup (every year); WTA Tour Championships (2006, 2007); Spanish International Badminton Tournament (every year); 1986 World Aquatics Championships and several other. Spain hosted the 1986 FIBA World Championship and hosted the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup; the 2014 final match was held at the Palacio de los Deportes de la Comunidad de Madrid in Madrid.

Non-selected applicant cities

  • {{flagicon|AZE}} Baku, Azerbaijan
{{further information|Baku bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics}}

It was announced at the 1 September 2011 deadline for bidding that Baku had submitted a bid to host the 2020 Olympics.[24] Baku submitted their application file to the IOC on 1 February 2012.[25] The National Assembly of Azerbaijan voted to endorse the bid in February 2012.[26] Baku hosted the 2015 European Games.


  • {{flagicon|QAT}} Doha, Qatar
{{further information|Doha bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics}}

On 26 August 2011, Doha announced that it was bidding for the 2020 Games.[27][28]

Doha hosted the 2006 Asian Games and the 2011 Pan Arab Games. In 2010, Qatar was selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Several stadiums will be located in Doha. The country also hosted the 1988 and 2011 AFC Asian Cups.


Cancelled bid

  • {{flagicon|ITA}} Rome, Italy
{{further information|Rome bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics}}Rome was nominated by the Italian National Olympic Committee on 19 May 2010. Italy's capital city was chosen over Venice as the country's bid for the 2020 Games.[29][30]

Rome previously hosted the Summer Olympics in 1960 and was chosen to host the 1908 Summer Olympics, but was relocated to London due to the 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius. It bid to host the 2004 Games but lost to Athens in the final round of voting. Rome hosted the 2009 World Aquatics Championships as well as the 1990 FIFA World Cup Final. Italy previously hosted the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo.

However the Rome municipal administration withdrew its support from the bid on the eve of the delivery of the application files, stating that it would not be a responsible use of money in "Italy's current condition."[31]

Proposed bids which did not go to application

The following cities proposed bidding; however, they did not bid or even formally announce their intentions to bid.

  • {{flagicon|AUS}} Brisbane, Australia[32][33]
  • {{flagicon|EGY}} Cairo, Egypt[34]
  • {{flagicon|GER}} Berlin, Germany[35]
  • {{flagicon|HUN}} Budapest, Hungary[36]
  • {{flagicon|IND}} Delhi, India[37][38]
  • {{flagicon|KEN}} Nairobi, Kenya[39]
  • {{flagicon|MAS}} Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia[40]
  • {{flagicon|MEX}} Guadalajara, Mexico[41][42]
  • {{flagicon|MAR}} Casablanca, Morocco[43]
  • {{flagicon|POR}} Lisbon, Portugal[44][45][46]

The following cities proposed submitting bids but announced prior to the 1 September deadline that they would not put forth a bid. The following list is in order of cancellation:

  • {{flagicon|CZE}} Prague, Czech Republic, cancelled its bid because of the global financial crisis.[47]
  • {{flagicon|ROU}} Bucharest, Romania, decided not to proceed with its bid because the city hall's general counsellors believed the project would be unachievable.[48]
  • {{flagicon|KOR}} Busan, South Korea, decided not to bid following Pyeongchang's successful bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics. They are, however, planning to bid for the 2028 Summer Olympics.[49]
  • {{flagicon|FRA}} Paris, France, was eventually selected to host the 2024 Olympic Games, as France pulled out of the 2020 bid following the defeat of Annecy's bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics. 2024 will coincide with the 100th anniversary of the 1924 Olympics which were held in the French capital.[50]
  • {{flagicon|UAE}} Dubai, United Arab Emirates, was considering a bid for 2020 but decided to instead wait until 2024.[51]
  • {{flagicon|CAN}} Toronto, Ontario, Canada, had long considered a bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics, especially after their successful bid for the 2015 Pan American Games, but announced on 11 August 2011 that the idea will be dropped due to budgetary restrictions.[52]
  • {{flagicon|RSA}} Durban, South Africa, was discussed as a potential bid, however it was announced on 17 August 2011, that South Africa would not put forth a 2020 bid.[53]
  • {{flagicon|RUS}} Saint Petersburg, Russia, decided not to bid despite having discussed the plan with the head of the Russian Olympic Committee. They withdrew on 22 August 2011, instead planning on bidding for either 2024 or 2028.[54]
  • {{flagicon|USA}} Multiple cities in the United States were interested in bidding, but the USOC confirmed that the US would not bid, citing an ongoing dispute with the IOC.[55][56] The IOC stated that it would like to have received a bid for 2020 from the United States.[57] On 29 August 2011, it was revealed that Las Vegas submitted a bid to the IOC without USOC consent. The IOC rejected the bid.[58]

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50. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2011-07-12-2785855112_x.htm |title=France rules out 2020 Olympic Games bid, USA Today, 12 July 2011 |work=USA Today |date=12 July 2011 |accessdate=5 March 2012}}
51. ^[https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/29/olympics-emirates-dubai-idUSL3E7IT28F20110729 "Olympics—Dubai opts out of 2020 bid, targets 2024"]. Reuters, 29 July 2011.
52. ^"Toronto won't bid for 2020 Olympics". CBC News, 11 August 2011.
53. ^{{cite web |author=Lelo Mzaca |url=http://www.eyewitnessnews.co.za/Story.aspx?Id=72249 |title=Mbalula drops 2020 Olympics bid |publisher=Eyewitness News |date=17 August 2011 |accessdate=5 March 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
54. ^{{cite web|script-title=ru:Петербург решил не претендовать на проведение Олимпиады-2020|url=http://www.rosbalt.ru/piter/2011/08/22/881672.html|publisher=Rosbalt.ru|accessdate=22 August 2011|language=Russian}}
55. ^{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=oly&id=6884167 |title=US pulls out of bid for 2020 Summer Olympics – Olympics – ESPN |publisher=ESPN |date=22 August 2011 |accessdate=5 March 2012}}
56. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/olympic_bids/2020_bid_news/1216135855.html |title=USOC confirms – United States won't bid for 2020 Olympics |publisher=GamesBids.com |accessdate=5 March 2012}}
57. ^{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/14676969.stm |work=BBC News | title=IOC ponders 2020 autumn Olympics | date=26 August 2011}}
58. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/olympic_bids/2020_bid_news/1216135866.html |title=Exclusive: Las Vegas submitted 2020 Olympic bid to IOC without USOC Concurrence |publisher=GamesBids.com |accessdate=5 March 2012}}

External links

Applicant files

  • Baku
  • Doha
  • Istanbul
  • Madrid Vol. 1
  • Madrid Vol. 2
  • Rome
  • Tokyo

Candidature files

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20141006080949/https://doc.rero.ch/record/31180?ln=en Istanbul]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20141006100038/https://doc.rero.ch/record/31181?ln=en Madrid]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074335/https://doc.rero.ch/record/31182?ln=en Tokyo]
{{Olympics bids}}{{Bids for the 2020 Summer Olympics}}

6 : 2020 Summer Olympics bids|Summer Olympics bids|September 2013 events|2013 in Argentina|2010s in Buenos Aires|Events in Buenos Aires
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