| 词条 | Pawtucket, Rhode Island | ||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Pawtucket, Rhode Island | official_name = City of Pawtucket | established_title = Founded (town) | established_date = 1671 | established_title2 = Incorporated (city) | established_date2 = 1886 | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Providence | government_type = Mayor-council | settlement_type = City | motto = Rhode Island's Creative Community[1] | image_skyline = Pawt_View.jpg | image_caption = Downtown across the Blackstone River | image_map = Providence County Rhode Island incorporated and unincorporated areas Pawtucket highlighted.svg | map_caption = Location within Providence County and the state of Rhode Island. | pushpin_map = USA | pushpin_map_caption = Location within the United States | pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_label = Pawtucket | mapsize = 300px | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Rhode Island | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Donald R. Grebien (D) | leader_title1 = City Council | leader_name1 = Michael A. Araujo (D) Albert J. Vitali (D) Elena Vasquez (D) David P. Moran (D) Mark J. Wildenhain (D) Terrence E. Mercer (D) John J. Barry, III (D) Meghan Kallman (D) Timothy P. Rudd, Jr. (D) | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 23.31 | area_land_km2 = 22.6 | area_water_km2 = 0.7 | area_total_sq_mi = 9.00 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_total = 71148 | population_density_km2 = 3148.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 8177.9 | timezone = Eastern | utc_offset = −5 | timezone_DST = Eastern | utc_offset_DST = −4 | area_land_sq_mi = 8.7 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.3 | elevation_m = 11 | elevation_ft = 36 | coordinates = {{coord|41|52|33|N|71|22|37|W|region:US-RI|display=inline}} | region = | postal_code_type = ZIP code | postal_code = 02860–02862 | website = {{URL|www.pawtucketri.com}} | area_code = 401 | blank_name = FIPS code | blank_info = 44-54640[2] | blank1_name = GNIS feature ID | blank1_info = 1218926[3] | footnotes = }} Pawtucket {{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|t|ʌ|k|ᵻ|t|audio=En-us-ri-pawtucket.ogg}} is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 71,148 at the 2010 census. It is the fourth largest city in the state. Pawtucket borders Providence, Central Falls, North Providence, Lincoln, and East Providence in Rhode Island and Seekonk and Attleboro in the state of Massachusetts. NameThe name "Pawtucket" comes from the Algonquian word for "river fall."[4] HistoryThe Pawtucket region was said to have been one of the most populous places in New England prior to the arrival of European settlers.[5] Native Americans would gather here to take advantage of the salmon and smaller fish which gathered at the falls.[5] The first European settler here was Joseph Jenks, who came to the region from Lynn, Massachusetts.[5] He purchased about 60 acres near Pawtucket Falls in 1671.[5] He established a sawmill and forge.[5] These, along with the entire town, were later destroyed during King Philip's War.[5] Other settlers followed Jenks, and by 1775 the area was home to manufacturers of muskets, linseed oil, potash, and ship building.[5] Also around this time Oziel Wilkinson and his family set up an iron forge making anchors, nails, screws, farm implements, and even cannons.[5] Pawtucket was an early and important center of cotton textiles during the American Industrial Revolution. Slater Mill, built in 1793 by Samuel Slater on the Blackstone River falls in downtown Pawtucket, was the first fully mechanized cotton-spinning mill in America.[6] Slater Mill is known for developing a commercially successful production process not reliant on earlier horse-drawn processes developed in America. Slater constructed and operated machines for producing yarn. Other manufacturers continued, transforming Pawtucket into a center for textiles, iron working, and other products. By the 1920s, Pawtucket was a prosperous mill town. The city had over a half-dozen movie theaters, two dozen hotels, and an impressive collection of fine commercial and residential architecture.[7] Perhaps the most impressive public building in Pawtucket was the Leroy Theatre, an ornate movie palace that was called "Pawtucket's Million Dollar Theater".[7] Many wealthy mill owners such as Darius Goff built their mansions in the area.[8] The textile business in New England declined during the Great Depression with many manufacturers closing or moving their facilities South where operations and labor were cheaper. Later in the 20th Century, Pawtucket began to lose some of its architectural heritage to the wrecking ball, including the Leroy Theatre.[7] But unlike numerous older mill towns in the region, Pawtucket retained much of its industrial base. Today, goods produced in the city include lace, non-woven and elastic woven materials, jewelry, silverware, metals, and textiles. Hasbro, one of the world's largest manufacturers of toys and games, is headquartered in Pawtucket. A Tale of Two StatesOriginally, the land west of the Blackstone River was part of nearby North Providence.[5] East of the Blackstone River was originally settled as part of the Massachusetts town of Rehoboth. The first Pawtucket to be incorporated was in 1828 when Rehoboth gave up their land and Pawtucket became a new town in Massachusetts. [5] In 1862 the eastern portion was absorbed into Providence County, Rhode Island.[5] On March 1, 1862 after a nearly 225 year border dispute between Rhode Island and Plymouth/Massachusetts, the areas of Pawtucket and East Providence was shifted into Rhode Island. The border hasn't been moved in over 150 years. In 1874, the land west of the river was taken from North Providence and added to the town of Pawtucket, but acted as two different towns. Finally in 1886, West and East Pawtucket were merged and the city was incorporated.[5][9] GeographyPawtucket is located at {{Coord|41|52|32|N|71|22|34|W|display=inline,title|type:city}}.[10] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|9.0|sqmi|km2}}, of which, {{convert|8.7|sqmi|km2}} of it is land and {{convert|0.3|sqmi|km2}} of it (2.89%) is water. Pawtucket lies within three drainage basins. These include the Blackstone River (including the Seekonk River), the Moshassuck River and the Ten Mile River. Demographics{{US Census population|1830= 1459 |1840= 2184 |1850= 3753 |1860= 4200 |1870= 6619 |1880= 19030 |1890= 27633 |1900= 39231 |1910= 51622 |1920= 64248 |1930= 77149 |1940= 75797 |1950= 81436 |1960= 81001 |1970= 76984 |1980= 71204 |1990= 72644 |2000= 72958 |2010= 71148 |estyear=2017 |estimate=72001 |estref=[11] |align-fn=center |footnote=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060208103743/http://www.census.gov:80/prod/www/abs/decennial/ U.S. Decennial Census] }} As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 71,141 people, 32,055 households, and 18,508 families residing in the city. Pawtucket was the fourth most populous of Rhode Island's 39 cities and towns. The population density was 8,351.2 people per square mile (3,223.0/km2). There were 32,055 housing units at an average density of 3,642.2 per square mile (1,405.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 50.4% Non-Hispanic white, 18.9% Non-Hispanic African American, 0.60% Native American, 1.6% Non-Hispanic Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, mixed race 3.9%, 4.7% other. There were 32,055 households out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.7% were married couples living together, 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.4% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.07. In the city, the population was spread out with 24.9% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $28,124, and the median income for a family was $40,578. Males had a median income of $31,129 versus $23,391 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,008. About 14.9% of families and 16.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.5% of those under age 18 and 15.2% of those age 65 or over. According to the 2000 census, 20.6% of Pawtucket residents are French or French-Canadian.[12] Like nearby cities Providence, R.I., Fall River, Mass., and New Bedford, Mass., Pawtucket hosts a significant population from across the former Portuguese Empire (11.6%)[12] plus an extremely significant Cape Verdean population. The segment from Cape Verde Islands was featured in this Zip Code USA article from National Geographic magazine. Pawtucket is also one of the few areas of the United States with a significant Liberian population, mostly refugees from Charles Taylor's regime. Rhode Island has the highest per capita Liberian population in the country. {{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} Pawtucket has a high concentration of West Africans. Arts and culture{{See also|List of Registered Historic Places in Pawtucket, Rhode Island}}The City of Pawtucket has been supportive of the Arts Community since 1975, In 1998, the Rhode Island General Assembly passed a law creating a 307-acre Arts and Entertainment District in the City’s historic downtown . Over the past decades various organizations have been active in continuing that support of the local arts community and beyond. In January, 1999, Herb Weiss, of the Planning Department, was hired to oversee the City’s newly created Arts District. Through the support of then Mayor James E. Doyle and Planning Department Michael Cassidy, Weiss brought significant recognition for Pawtucket-Arts oriented development strategy [https://pbn.com/pawtuckets-success-is-not-an-accident25768/]. Mayor Doyle and Arts Czar Weiss hired researcher Ann Galligan, of Northeastern University, to create an arts and cultural plan. Over the years Pawtucket has become known as a center for arts and culture [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/10/arts/artistic-enclave-gets-its-footing-in-rhode-island.html]. The success of the works was seen in nationwide publicity in publications such as New York Times [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/28/realestate/old-mills-remade-in-pawtucket-ri-with-art-as-their-product.html?], The Wall Street Journal [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303670804579232412520127176], Christen Scientist Monitor [https://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0928/p01s01-ussc.html]. Pawtucket even found itself named in Art Calendar’s “Ten Great Towns for Working Arts.[https://professionalartistmag.com/10-great-towns/]”Pawtucket’s transformation into an arts community is chronicled in a 53 minute documentary in 2008, Pawtucket Rising, produced by Jason Caminiti, a Fall River film maker, documenting the City’s successful efforts in bringing artist and cultural activities to blighted areas Pawtucket Rising. Each September, the city, in conjunction with the Pawtucket Arts Festival Board of Directors, members chosen from the community, produce an annual citywide Arts Festival [https://pawtucketartsfestival.org/]. Former Mayor Doyle created the City’s month-long event. Much of the work implementing the vision of Mayor Doyle and growing this month-long Arts Festival was done by Herb Weiss. Weiss, among other awards, was honored as the inaugural winner of the “PAF Excellence Award” for his work as the "foremost ambassador for the arts and culture" . James Doyle was the Pawtucket Foundation Heritage Award Winner for 2011 The American-French Genealogical Society was founded in Pawtucket in 1978.[13] On September 2, 1977, The Beach Boys performed a concert at Narragansett Park attended by 40,000 people, the largest concert audience in Rhode Island history. In 2017, music historians Al Gomes and Connie Watrous of Big Noise were successful in getting the street where the concert stage stood (the corner of 455 Narragansett Park Drive) officially renamed as "Beach Boys Way".[14][15] [16]SportsPawtucket is home to McCoy Stadium, where the Pawtucket Red Sox, the AAA affiliate/Minor League team of the Boston Red Sox, currently play. The team was owned by Ben Mondor until his death and was recently sold by his estate. The longest professional baseball game in history, 33 innings, was played at McCoy Stadium in 1981.[17] Pawtucket has a history of professional baseball dating back to 1892, including the Pawtucket Indians. This rich and popular tradition will come to an end in 2021 when the Red Sox AAA affiliate is relocated to Worcester, Massachusetts[18] In 1934 the Narragansett Park opened for Thoroughbred horse racing. Until its closure in 1978, the track hosted several important races that drew some of the top horses from around the United States including Hall of Fame members; Seabiscuit, War Admiral and Gun Bow. Parks and recreation
EducationPublic schoolsPublic education in Pawtucket is directed by the Pawtucket School Department and contains these schools:[19] Senior high schools
Junior high schools
Middle schools
Elementary schools
Catholic schoolsThe Quality Hill section of Pawtucket is home to St. Raphael Academy. It is a private college preparatory school founded on the basis of St. John the Baptist de la Salle. "Saints" is a small school consisting of roughly 500 students with a student to teacher ratio of about 15:2. The "Saints and Lady Saints" are very successful in sports including baseball, football, basketball, and softball. St. Raphael Academy is a rival of William E. Tolman. They took part in a Thanksgiving Day football game that was played in McCoy Stadium for over 70 years. This game is no longer played, as William E. Tolman now competes annually against its fellow Pawtucket public high school Charles E. Shea, rather than against St. Raphael Academy, a private Catholic high school. Pawtucket was home to Bishop Keough High School, a small all-girls catholic high school in the Fairlawn neighborhood. The city also has three Catholic elementary schools: St. Cecilia School, St. Teresa School and Woodlawn Catholic Regional School. InfrastructureTransportationAmtrak's Northeast Corridor and the MBTA's Providence/Stoughton Line run through Pawtucket, though there is no stop for either in the city. Train service at the Pawtucket/Central Falls train station terminated in 1959. Recently{{when|date=May 2011}} there have been discussions to have the "T" stop in Pawtucket at the old train station (which would be substantially refurbished) or at a platform elsewhere on the line. Federal funding has been provided for preliminary planning of a MBTA station in the city, with a request for proposals expected in early 2011.[20] Commuters can board MBTA trains at the South Attleboro stop, off Newport Avenue just over the state line. The MBTA operates a layover facility in Pawtucket for trains on the Providence/Stoughton Line where the trains are kept overnight. The closest Amtrak station to Pawtucket is Providence Station. Public bus transportation is available in the city. RIPTA operates a hub in downtown Pawtucket with routes to various parts of the city and to parts of nearby towns. Riders can also access RIPTA buses to Providence at the downtown hub on the Smithfield Avenue (#53) and Beverage Hill (#78) routes; as well as on either the R-Line (Broad-North Main) Rapid Service route or #1 (Hope/Eddy) Key Corridor route. The # 1 (Hope/Eddy) Key Corridor route provides service from the Downtown Pawtucket hub north to the MBTA Station at South Attleboro, Mass. and south to T.F. Green Airport in Warwick. At Kennedy Plaza, Providence's hub, riders can access routes to most parts of the state. Highways and roadsInterstate 95 and U.S. 1 also traverse the western part of Pawtucket. Some of the slowest posted speeds on I-95 are in the city due to the "S-curves" near downtown. To preserve certain buildings in the city, planners snaked I-95, creating sharp bends in the highway. Downtown CirculatorPawtucket's Downtown Circulator was a one-way loop through downtown; it is similar to British concepts of ring roads. A similar concept was also tried in Providence. The circulator used East Avenue, High Street, Summer Street, Goff Avenue, Dexter Street and Park Place West. Each half of the Circulator carried one direction of U.S. 1; sections also carried westbound RI 15 and northbound RI 114. It was signed with a big "C" on overhead signs. The circulator is no longer signed, though the road configuration remains. Providence's Downtown Ring Roads have suffered a similar fate. EconomyHasbro, a Fortune 1000 toy and game making company, is headquartered in Pawtucket.[21]Many Healthcare, Retail and Insurance companies are headquartered in Pawtucket. [22]Fox Point Pickles, a pickling company, is headquartered in Pawtucket. Notable people{{Main|List of people from Pawtucket, Rhode Island}}In popular culture
Sister town
Belper was where Samuel Slater had been apprenticed to Jedediah Strutt, learning the secrets of Richard Arkwright's Water Frame (and is sometimes known in that area as "Slater the traitor").[23] See also{{Portal bar|Rhode Island}}References1. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.pawtucketri.com/|title=City of Pawtucket, Rhode Island| publisher= City of Pawtucket, Rhode Island |accessdate=August 25, 2012}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov |archivedate=September 11, 2013 |df=mdy }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}} 4. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=13446|title=Profile for Pawtucket, Rhode Island, RI|publisher= ePodunk |accessdate=August 24, 2012}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite book|last1=Greene|first1=Welcome Arnold|title=The Providence Plantations for 250 Years|date=1886|publisher=J.A. & R.A. Reid|location=Providence, RI|pages=375–379}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/blac/historyculture/index.htm|title=Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor – History & Culture|publisher=U.S. National Park Service|accessdate=January 15, 2015}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite news|publisher=The Providence Journal-Bulletin|page=D6|title=The Leroy Theatre, RIP|date=14 September 1997|location=Providence, RI}} 8. ^{{cite book |last=Grieve |first=Robert |title=Illustrated History of Pawtucket, Central Falls and Vicinity |date=1897 |publisher=Henry R. Caufield |location=Providence |pages=324–326|url=http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~rigenweb/articles/103.html}} 9. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.city-data.com/city/Pawtucket-Rhode-Island.html|title= Pawtucket, Rhode Island|publisher= City-Data.com |accessdate=August 24, 2012}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}} 12. ^1 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529094724/http://www.pawtucketri.com/about/2000census.pdf |date=May 29, 2008 }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.afgs.org|title=American-French Genealogical Society: Home Page|publisher=|accessdate=January 15, 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web| date = August 9, 2017| title = YouTube : The Beach Boys RI Concert Commemoration| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmXws4O0mhE&t=10s }} 15. ^{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Andy|title=In '77 Beach Boys Headlined R.I.'s Largest Concert|newspaper=The Providence Journal|url=http://www.providencejournal.com/news/20170808/in-77-beach-boys-headlined-ris-largest-concert|date=August 8, 2017}} 16. ^{{cite news|last=Markgraf|first=Diandra|title=Pawtucket celebrates Beach Boys Way|newspaper=The Valley Breeze|url=http://www.valleybreeze.com/2017-09-05/pawtucket/pawtucket-celebrates-beach-boys-way#.WpcP-rirGzk|date=September 5, 2017}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=The Longest Game in Baseball History|url=http://www.milb.com/content/page.jsp?ymd=20080903&content_id=41224646&sid=t533&vkey=team1|website=Pawsox.com|accessdate=18 April 2015}} 18. ^Boston Globe. Aug 17, 2018, [https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2018/08/17/pawsox-owners-prepare-move-team-worcester/ku4CVdjYluqzRaOlYQcHmK/story.html The Sox Moving Top Farm Team From Pawtucket to Worcester] 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.psdri.net/ |title=Pawtucket School Department District Homepage |accessdate=August 19, 2008}} 20. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020003436/http://www.dot.ri.gov/engineering/intermod/index.asp#ComRail |date=October 20, 2011 }} 21. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/hasbro/|title=Hasbro on the Forbes Just Companies List|work=Forbes|access-date=2018-01-19|language=en}} 22. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.dlt.ri.gov/lmi/es202/largestemp/|title=Large Employers in Pawtucket List|work=Labor Market Information|access-date=2018-03-28|language=en}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.belpertowncouncil.co.uk/townguide.pdf |title=Belper Town Guide 2009–2011|accessdate=March 11, 2011|year=2009|publisher=Belper Town Council|page=12}} External links{{Commons category|Pawtucket, Rhode Island}}
7 : Pawtucket, Rhode Island|Cape Verdean American history|Cities in Providence County, Rhode Island|Cities in Rhode Island|Early American industrial centers|History of the textile industry|Providence metropolitan area |
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