“Big Six (ice hockey)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Out of the 207 Ice Hockey World Championships medals awarded by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), only twenty-one have been won by teams outside the Big Six, and only six of those have been won since 1953 (four by Slovakia, two by Switzerland).^[4] Of the 72 Olympic ice hockey medals awarded, only seven have not been won by a Big Six team.^[5] The Big Six finished in the top eight every year since 2011, ensuring that only two out of the remaining 10 teams make it to the knockout round.^[6]

History

Results

Olympic Games Men's Ice Hockey Tournament

The Olympics were closed to professionals before 1988. NHL players were not allowed to play until 1998 and were also barred from competing in 2018.

IIHF Men's World Championships

Only the tournaments since the formation of the modern Czech Republic team are shown above.

Canada Cup/World Cup of Hockey

The Canada Cup served as an ice hockey world championship that was governed by National Hockey League (NHL) rules rather than IIHF rules, and was open to professionals so that NHL players could participate. The 1976 Canada Cup was, therefore, the first time that the best players from the leading ice hockey countries were able to face each other. The tournament was held five times between 1976 and 1991. Only one team outside of the Big Six, West Germany, was ever allowed to compete in the Canada Cup; this occurred in 1984 when West Germany replaced Finland because it had finished higher in the IIHF World Championship.^[7]

The World Cup of Hockey replaced the Canada Cup in 1996. It has been held three times so far (1996, 2004, and 2016), and will be held every four years thereafter.^[2] Eight teams compete at the World Cup: Germany and Slovakia participated in the first two editions, whereas Team Europe, made up of European players whose countries did not have their own team in the event and Team North America, composed of players 23 years old and younger from Canada and the United States, played in 2016.

Canada Cup

World Cup of Hockey

Notes

1. ^"the Big Six hockey powers -- the United States, Canada, Russia, the Czech Republic, Sweden and Finland" {{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/11/sports/olympics-hockey-nhl-and-its-teams-send-players-to-bench.html|title=N.H.L. and Its Teams Send Players to Bench|date=February 2002|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=February 28, 2015}}
2. ^¹"Figuring out the seventh and eighth teams beyond the so-called big six was the biggest hurdle to overcome in planning this event." {{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/nhl/nhl-announces-world-cup-of-hockey-for-2016-1.2930670|title=NHL announces World Cup of Hockey for 2016|date=January 2015|publisher=The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=February 28, 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=750156|title=World Cup of Hockey set to return in 2016|date=January 24, 2015|publisher=NHL.com|accessdate=March 6, 2015}}
4. ^{{cite news | title = Past medalists | publisher = IIHF.com | url = http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/all-medallists/men.html|accessdate=2008-05-12}}
5. ^{{cite journal|title=Ice hockey and Olympism|journal=Olympic Review|publisher=International Olympic Committee|year=1984|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1984/ore197/ORE197zg.pdf|format=PDF}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/sports/ICH/ |title=Ice hockey – Olympics|publisher=Sports-reference.com|accessdate=2015-02-28}}
7. ^{{cite book |last=Pelletier |first=Joe |last2=Houda |first2=Patrick |year=2003 |title=The World Cup of Hockey |publisher=Warwick Publishing |location=Toronto |isbn=1-894622-17-0}}