| 词条 | Bill Viola (martial artist) |
| 释义 |
| name = William Viola II | image = Bill Viola MMA.jpg | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|11|05}} | birth_place = | nationality = United States | other_names = | children = Bill Viola Jr | occupation = President, CV Productions, Inc.[1] President, Allegheny Shotokan Karate Inc.[2] | years_active = | known_for = Pioneering mixed martial arts in the United States | notable_works = }}William "Bill" Viola II (born November 5, 1947) is an entrepreneur, martial arts instructor, and mixed martial arts pioneer credited by some as the co-creator of the sport of MMA.[1][3][4] In 1979, he co-founded CV Productions, Inc., the first mixed martial arts company in America. His life is the subject of the book Godfathers of MMA.[5] Early lifeViola was born in Brownsville, Pennsylvania and studied martial arts in the early 1960s while in high school. He continued to study Shotokan karate while attending California University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1969 and was subsequently hired as a science teacher in the East Allegheny School District. Viola established his first karate school, Allegheny Shotokan Karate, in 1969 at East Allegheny.[2] He trained and achieved rank from Robert Trias (United States Karate Association), and George Anderson (USA Karate Federation).{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} Mixed martial arts careerIn 1979 Viola co-founded CV Productions, Inc. with his partner Frank Caliguri.[1][6] In 1980, the company introduced a new sport, the first regulated mixed martial arts competitions in the United States.[4] Viola helped write the first codified set of mixed martial arts rules for mainstream competition[3][6] and in 1980 created and promoted organized mixed martial arts competition over a decade before the Ultimate Fighting Championship.[7][8] Viola’s MMA promotions were outlawed by the Pennsylvania State Legislature in 1983 with the passage of Senate Bill 632, setting the first legal precedent for MMA in the United States.[6][9] HonorsIn 2003, the USA Karate Federation inducted Viola into the Hall of Fame, honoring him with a lifetime achievement award and naming him Man of the Year.[10] CV Productions Inc.’s mixed martial arts league was honored by the Heinz History Center, an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution.[11] The Western Pennsylvania Sports Museum unveiled an exhibit in 2011 to document Viola's mixed martial arts roots.[1][8][12] As a result of Viola and Caliguri's developments, Pittsburgh is considered the birthplace of modern mixed martial arts as a sport in the United States.[1][4][6][12] Personal lifeViola has instructed all five of his children to the rank of black belt: Bill Viola Jr., Addie Viola, Jacque Viola, Ali Viola, and Joce Viola.[13] In 1999, his son, Bill Viola, Jr., established the Kumite Classic.[14] References1. ^1 2 3 4 Santa, John. “Viola honored as Mixed Martial Arts innovator”. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review 4 July 2011 {{DEFAULTSORT:Viola, Bill}}2. ^1 Harvath, Les. “Norwin junior seeks karate championship”. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review: 18 December 2008 3. ^1 Nash, John. “The Martial Chronicles: Before Fighting Was Ultimate It Was Super”. SB Nation Bloody Elbow: 23 May 2012. 4. ^1 2 Kogut, Paul. “Caliguri's MMA history honored at Heinz”. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review: 23 June 2011. 5. ^Panian, A.J. “Mt. Pleasant Author helps examine mixed martial arts”. Mount Pleasant Journal: 23 January 2014, p. 1. 6. ^1 2 3 Cartey, Richard. “Tough guy Contest: The Real Beginnings of MMA in America”. Fighters Only. 3 (November 2012): 72. 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/blog/mma/post/_/id/36/the-zuffa-myth-and-ufc-auteur-theory|title=The Zuffa myth and UFC auteur theory|last=Rossen|first=Jake|date=24 August 2010|publisher=ESPN|accessdate=3 April 2015}} 8. ^1 Werner, Sam. “MMA roots were planted in New Kensington”. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette: 24 June 2011. 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billinfo/bill_history.cfm?syear=1983&sind=0&body=S&type=B&bn=632|title=Senate Bill 632; Regular Session 1983-1984|publisher=Pennsylvania General Assembly|accessdate=3 April 2015}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://usakarate.us/USAKarateHallofFame.html|title=USA Karate Hall of Fame|publisher=USA Karate Federation|accessdate=3 April 2015}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.heinzhistorycenter.org/exhibits/golden-gloves|title=Golden Gloves|publisher=Senator John Heinz History Center|accessdate=3 April 2015}} 12. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Madarasz|first=Anne|title=New Sports Museum Display Explores Local Roots of Mixed Martial Arts|date=Fall 2011|journal=Making History|publisher=Senator John Heinz History Center|volume=20|issue=2|pages=2|url=http://files.rachellynndesign.com/newsletter_fall2011_online.pdf|access-date=2015-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627171600/http://files.rachellynndesign.com/newsletter_fall2011_online.pdf|archive-date=2015-06-27|dead-url=yes|df=}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/life/recreation/2015/02/12/Karate-kids-Viola-family-keeps-kicking-at-World-Games/stories/201502050057|title=Karate kids: Viola family keeps kicking at World Games|last=Zuchowski|first=Dave|date=12 February 2015|website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|accessdate=5 April 2015}} 14. ^Schrecongost, Dave (May 22, 2013). “Kumite Classic event is back in Monroeville”. Tribune-Review: 22 May 2013. 6 : Mixed martial arts executives|American male karateka|Mixed martial arts people|1947 births|People from Brownsville, Pennsylvania|Living people |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。