“Billy (bookcase)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Billy (stylised as BILLY) is a bookcase sold by the Swedish furniture company IKEA. It was developed in 1979 by the Swedish designer Gillis Lundgren and IKEA have sold 41 million of the bookcases worldwide as of 2009.

Construction

The shelf parts are made of plastic-coated or veneered particleboard. The edges are covered with plastic strips. The shelves are placed on metal support, the holes in the side walls have a distance of 32 mm. The shelves are available in several colours and finishes and a width of 40 or 80 cm. The bookshelves can be coupled and optional doors can be added. The bookcases are sold in flat-pack form, to be assembled by the purchaser. Billy is manufactured for IKEA by Gyllensvaans Möbler at their factory in Kattilstorp, Sweden. 130,000 bookshelves are produced a week.^[1]

History

The bookcase was designed in 1979 by Gillis Lundgren, IKEA's fourth employee. His initial sketches for the bookcase were done on the back of a napkin. When designing the product, emphasis was given to functionality and flexibility recognising that different homes had different requirements and space availability. Lundgren also believed that the bookcase was an item of furniture that consumers may later wish to add additional capacity to as their collections expanded, and wanted to ensure his design was "attractive and timeless" so that the design would remain on sale and didn't fall out of fashion.^[2] The name Billy was chosen by Lundgren after an IKEA advertising manager named Billy Liljedahl stated that he wanted "a proper bookcase just for books" to be designed.^[3]

The bookcase's first inclusion in the IKEA Catalogue was in the 1980 edition. Initially the bookcases were 90cm wide, but this was revised to 80cm in 1988 following complaints from customers that the shelves bent under the weight of the books and the item didn't fit on IKEA transport pallets.^[4]

In 1992, a German newspaper and television station conducted tests on 18 Billy bookshelves and found that the formaldehyde vapour levels released by 8 of them was higher than permitted by regulation. The source of the vapour was traced to the lacquer used by the company on the bookshelf, and IKEA was forced to stop all production and sale of the bookshelves until the problem could be rectified.^[5] The cost to IKEA of the incident was estimated to be between $6 and $7 million.^[6]

In 2009, IKEA stated that they had sold 41 million of the bookcases.^[2] From 2011 to 2014 Billy was available as a 40 cm deep variant alongside the standard 30 cm deep versions.^[7] In 2014, reinforced shelves and rounded edges were introduced.^[8]

References

1. ^{{cite episode |season=3 |number=5 |date=2009-11-05 |title=IKEA |series=Ultimate Factories |network=National Geographic Channel |time=12:30}}
2. ^¹{{cite book |url=http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_GB/about_ikea/press/PR_FILES/BILLY_30th_birthday_press_pack.pdf |title=BILLY the world’s most versatile bookcase turns 30! |publisher=Inter IKEA Systems B.V.}}
3. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/ikea-s-billy-bookcase-turns-30-1.791486 |title=Ikea's Billy bookcase turns 30 |work=CBC News |date=2009-11-10}}
4. ^{{cite web |title=BILLY Facts |url=http://billy-klippan.com/billy-facts |work=BILLY & KLIPPAN |publisher=Inter IKEA Systems B.V. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825055243/http://billy-klippan.com/billy-facts |archivedate=2015-08-25 |df= }}
5. ^{{cite book |page=111 |title=Leading Change Toward Sustainability - 2nd Edition: A Change-Management Guide for Business, Government and Civil Society |first=Bob |last=Doppelt |publisher=Greenleaf Publishing |year=2009 |ISBN=9781907643040}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naturalstep.it/learn/docs/cs/case_ikea.pdf |title=ORGANIZATIONAL CASE SUMMARY: IKEA |publisher=The Natural Step |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060506094643/http://www.naturalstep.it/learn/docs/cs/case_ikea.pdf |archivedate=May 6, 2006 }}
7. ^{{cite news |title=Ikea is changing its long-lived Billy bookshelf. Is print dead? |first=Carolyn |last=Kellogg |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/09/ikea-billy-print-is-dead.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210110112/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/09/ikea-billy-print-is-dead.html |archivedate=2011-12-10 |deadurl=no}}
8. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/video/video/2014/07/ikea_billy_bookcase_gets_new_design_and_customizable_features.html |title=The Billy Bookcase Grows Up |first=Dallas |last=Jensen |work=Slate}}