| 词条 | Araucarioxylon arizonicum |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = Early Permian-Late Triassic {{Fossil range|295|200}} | image = Araucarioxylon arizonicum (petrified wood) - National Museum of Natural History, United States - DSC08540.JPG | image_caption = Petrified Araucarioxylon arizonicum | image2 = Structures made of petrified wood (Petrified Forest National Park, 2006) (2).jpg | image2_caption = Agate House Pueblo, constructed with petrified wood | genus = Araucarioxylon | species = arizonicum | authority = Knowlt. }}Araucarioxylon arizonicum is an extinct species of conifer that is the state fossil of Arizona. The species is known from massive tree trunks that weather out of the Chinle Formation in desert badlands of northern Arizona and adjacent New Mexico and Chemnitz petrified forest in Chemnitz, Germany, most notably in the {{convert|378.51|km2|acre}} Petrified Forest National Park.[1] There, these trunks are locally so abundant that they have been used as building materials.[2] DescriptionThe petrified wood of this tree is frequently referred to as "Rainbow wood" because of the large variety of colors some specimens exhibit. The red and yellow are produced by large particulate forms of iron oxide, the yellow being limonite and the red being hematite. The purple hue comes from extremely fine spherules of hematite distributed throughout the quartz matrix, and not from manganese, as has sometimes been suggested.[2] PaleoecologyIn the Triassic period (around {{period span/brief|Triassic|-1}}), Arizona was a flat tropical expanse in the northwest corner of the supercontinent Pangaea. There, a forest grew in which A. arizonicum towered as high as {{convert|60|m|ft}} and measured more than {{convert|60|cm|ft}} in diameter. Fossils frequently show boreholes of insect larvae, possibly beetles similar to members of the modern family Ptinidae.[1][2] TaxonomyAraucarioxylon arizonicum is classified under family Araucariaceae. They were first described in 1889 by the American paleobotanist Frank Hall Knowlton.[3]The validity of the name Araucarioxylon arizonicum has been questioned. A. arizonicum may actually be composed of several different genera and species.[4] A 2007 study on the syntypes used by Knowlton in describing the species has revealed that they belonged to three species. They were tentatively reclassified as Pullisilvaxylon arizonicum, Pullisilvaxylon daughertii, and Chinleoxylon knowltonii. The genus Araucarioxylon may thus be superfluous and illegitimate; and the petrified logs of Petrified Forest National Park may be composed of a greater diversity than initially believed.[5] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite journal|author=Sidney R. Ash & Rodney A. Savidge|year=2004|title=The bark of the Late Triassic Araucarioxylon arizonicum tree from Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona|journal=IAWA Journal|volume=25|issue=3|pages=349–368|url=http://bio.kuleuven.be/sys/iawa/PDF/IAWA%20J%2021-25/25%20(3)%202004/25(3)%20349-368.pdf|doi=10.1163/22941932-90000371}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q135480}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/object_june97.html|title=The Object at Hand |author=Adele Conover|date=June 1997|publisher=Smithsonian.com|accessdate=November 19, 2011}} 3. ^{{cite journal|author=Frank H. Knowlton|year=1889|title=New species of fossil wood (Araucarioxylon arizonicum) from Arizona and New Mexico|journal=Proceedings of the United States National Museum|volume=11|pages=1–5|url=http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/13045/1/USNMP-11_676_1888.pdf|doi=10.5479/si.00963801.11-676.1}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://waynesword.palomar.edu/pfnp.htm |title=A Taxonomic Problem With Araucarioxylon arizonicum |author=Wayne P. Armstrong |date=December 2008 |publisher=Wayne's Word, Palomar College |accessdate=November 19, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026201058/http://waynesword.palomar.edu/pfnp.htm |archivedate=October 26, 2011 }} 5. ^{{cite journal|author= Rodney A. Savidge|year=2007|title=Wood anatomy of Late Triassic trees in Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, USA, in relation to Araucarioxylon arizonicum Knowlton, 1889|journal=Bulletin of Geosciences|volume=82|issue=4|pages=301–328|url=http://www.geology.cz/bulletin/fulltext/bullgeosci200704301.pdf|doi=10.3140/bull.geosci.2007.04.301}} 10 : Triassic plants|Flora of Arizona|Flora of New Mexico|Fossils of the United States|Natural history of Arizona|Triassic Arizona|Triassic life of North America|Araucariaceae|Mesozoic trees|Prehistoric plants of North America |
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