| 词条 | Birmingham Special |
| 释义 |
| box_width = | name = Birmingham Special | logo = | logo_width = | image = File:Birmingham Special at Somerset, Virginia, March 1969.jpg | image_width = | caption = The Birmingham Special in the final months of its service. Seen here at Somerset, Virginia, March 1969 | type = Inter-city rail | status = Discontinued | locale = Northeastern United States/Southeastern United States | first = May 17, 1909 | last = February 1, 1970 | operator = | formeroperator = Southern Railway, Norfolk and Western Railway, Pennsylvania Railroad | ridership = | start = New York, New York | stops = | end = Birmingham, Alabama | distance = {{convert|987.4|mi|km}} | journeytime = | frequency = Daily | trainnumber = Southbound: 17, northbound: 18 (1952) | class = | access = | seating = Reclining seat coaches | sleeping = Open sections, roomettes, double bedrooms & drawing rooms (1952) | autorack = | catering = Diner; restaurant-lounge | observation = | entertainment= | baggage = | otherfacilities= | stock = | gauge = | el = | speed = | owners = | map = {{BS-map|inline=1|map={{BS|KBHFa||New York City}}{{BS|STR+GRZq||{{BSsplit|New York|New Jersey}}}}{{BS|BHF||Newark}}{{BS|HST||Trenton}}{{BS|STR+GRZq||{{BSsplit|New Jersey|Pennsylvania}}}}{{BS|HST||North Philadelphia}}{{BS|BHF||Philadelphia}}{{BS|STR+GRZq||{{BSsplit|Pennsylvania|Delaware}}}}{{BS|HST||Wilmington}}{{BS|STR+GRZq||{{BSsplit|Delaware|Maryland}}}}{{BS|BHF||Baltimore}}{{BS|STR+GRZq||{{BSsplit|Maryland|District of Columbia}}}}{{BS|BHF||Washington, D.C.}}{{BS|STR+GRZq||{{BSsplit|District of Columbia|Virginia}}}}{{BS|BHF||Alexandria}}{{BS|HST||Culpeper}}{{BS|HST||Orange}}{{BS|HST||Charlottesville}}{{BS|HST||Monroe}}{{BS|BHF||Lynchburg}}{{BS|HST||Bedford}}{{BS|HST||Roanoke}}{{BS|HST||Christiansburg}}{{BS|HST||Radford}}{{BS|HST||Bristol}}{{BS|STR+GRZq||{{BSsplit|Virginia|Tennessee}}}}{{BS|HST||Johnson City}}{{BS|HST||Jonesboro}}{{BS|HST||Greenville}}{{BS|HST||Morristown}}{{BS|HST||Jefferson City}}{{BS|BHF||Knoxville}}{{BS|HST||Lenoir City}}{{BS|HST||Loudon}}{{BS|HST||Sweetwater}}{{BS|HST||Athens}}{{BS|HST||Cleveland}}{{BS|BHF||Chattanooga}}{{BS|STR+GRZq||{{BSsplit|Tennessee|Georgia}}}}{{BS|HST||Trenton}}{{BS|STR+GRZq||{{BSsplit|Georgia|Alabama}}}}{{BS|HST||Valley Head}}{{BS|HST||Fort Payne}}{{BS|HST||Collinsville}}{{BS|HST||Attalla}}{{BS|HST||Whitney}}{{BS|HST||Springville}}{{BS|HST||Trussville}}{{BS|KBHFe||Birmingham}} }} | map_state = collapsed }} The Birmingham Special was a passenger train operated by the Southern Railway, Norfolk and Western Railway, and Pennsylvania Railroad in the southeastern United States. The train began service in 1909 and continued, with alterations, after Amtrak assumed control of most long-haul intercity passenger rail in the United States on May 1, 1971. The Birmingham Special is the namesake of the famed Glenn Miller big band tune "Chattanooga Choo Choo." The Southern Railway introduced the Birmingham Special on May 17, 1909, running between Birmingham, Alabama and New York City via Atlanta, Georgia and Washington, D.C. The Southern operated the train between Birmingham and Washington, while the Pennsylvania Railroad carried through cars between Washington and New York. The train consisted of coaches, Pullman sleepers, and a dining car. Its road numbers on the Southern Railway were #29 (southbound) and #30 (northbound).[2] On May 15, 1932, the Southern re-routed the Birmingham Special via Chattanooga, Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee and Bristol, bypassing Atlanta. The Norfolk and Western Railway hauled the train between Lynchburg, Virginia and Bristol, creating an unusual (though not unique) situation of the Birmingham Special using two unconnected sections of the Southern Railway: Washington–Lynchburg and Bristol–Birmingham.[4] Into the 1950s the train consist included several types of sleeping accommodations for the New York-Birmingham train.[1] It was while riding this incarnation of the train that Mack Gordon and Harry Warren wrote "Chattanooga Choo Choo".[6] The song's lyrics, which do not mention the Birmingham Special directly by name, mention boarding the train on track 29 at Pennsylvania Station, which has never had a track 29. Also, when the song was recorded in 1941, the Birmingham Special used an electric, not steam, locomotive between New York and Washington. Ironically, the premier train of the Pennsylvania Railroad's rival, the New York Central Railroad's 20th Century Limited, used track 29 at Grand Central Terminal. The time points mentioned reflect liberties for rhyme and suggest the pre-Bristol reroute.{{fact|date=July 2016}}{{opinion|date=July 2016}} The Pennsylvania ended through service north of Washington in 1956. By 1964 the sleeper service had been eliminated. However, the longer route, along the same trackage as far south as Chattanooga, the Southern's Pelican, retained sleeping cars. [2]Through service to Memphis, Tennessee (connecting in Chattanooga) ended on January 31, 1967. The Southern Railway dropped the Birmingham Special name on February 1, 1970. Service south of Bristol ended August 11, 1970, although a rump train operated north from Birmingham to the Alabama/Tennessee border for a few more months. The train was the last to serve Chattanooga's Terminal Station.[9] The Norfolk & Western joined Amtrak upon the latter's start on May 1, 1971. However, Amtrak chose not to operate the Lynchburg–Bristol portion of the train.[10] The Southern Railway, which had not initially joined Amtrak, continued to operate the unnamed train between Washington and Lynchburg until June 1, 1975, designating it #7 (southbound) and #8 (northbound).[12] The Southern Railway joined Amtrak in 1979. References1. ^Southern timetable 1952 Table G http://streamlinermemories.info/South/SOU52TT.pdf [3][4][5][6][7][8]2. ^Southern timetable 1964 Table G http://streamlinermemories.info/South/SRR64-4TT.pdf 3. ^1 {{cite book | title=Chattanooga's Terminal Station | first=Justin W. |last=Strickland | publisher=Arcadia Publishing | year=2009 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=30Ffg8AfuyYC&pg=PA79 | accessdate=May 7, 2011}} 4. ^1 {{cite book | title=Decade by Decade 1940s: Ten Years of Popular Hits Arranged for EASY PIANO | first=Dan | last=Coates | year=2008 | publisher=Alfred Music Publishing | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qZeogUGx1OMC&pg=PA28 | accessdate=May 7, 2011}} 5. ^1 {{cite web | title=Passenger trains operating on the eve of Amtrak | accessdate=May 7, 2011 | url=http://ctr.trains.com/~/media/import/files/pdf/f/7/7/passenger_trains_operating_on_the_eve_of_amtrak.ashx}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal | journal=LIFE | date=May 5, 1947 | accessdate=2011-05-07 | title=Through Passenger Service | volume=22 | issue=18 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bkgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA87}} 7. ^1 {{cite web | title=Nationwide Schedules of Intercity Passenger Service | author=Amtrak | date=November 14, 1971 | accessdate=May 7, 2011 | url=http://www.timetables.org/full.php?group=19711114&item=0071}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal | journal=Southern Merchant | volume=21 | issue=31 | date=May 24, 1909 | title=Birmingham Special | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PIRRAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA17-PA7 | accessdate=May 7, 2011}} }}{{Named Trains of the Southern Railway}}{{NW named trains}}{{PRR named trains}} 15 : Night trains of the United States|Railway services introduced in 1909|Passenger trains of the Norfolk and Western Railway|Passenger trains of the Pennsylvania Railroad|Passenger trains of the Southern Railway (U.S.)|Passenger rail transportation in Alabama|Passenger rail transportation in Delaware|Passenger rail transportation in Maryland|Passenger rail transportation in New Jersey|Passenger rail transportation in New York (state)|Passenger rail transportation in Tennessee|Passenger rail transportation in Virginia|Passenger rail transportation in Pennsylvania|Named passenger trains of the United States|Railway services discontinued in 1970 |
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