| 词条 | Björn Hjörtur Guðmundsson |
| 释义 |
| name = Björn Hjörtur Guðmundsson | birth_date = 14 January 1911 | birth_place = Ferjubakka í Borgarhreppi, Iceland | death_date = 14 July 1998 | death_place = Borgarnes, Iceland | nationality = Icelandic | occupation = craftsman, idealist, environmental pioneer }}Björn Hjörtur Guðmundsson (14 January 1911 – 14 July 1998), also known as Bjössi, was an Icelandic craftsman, master carpenter, idealist and environmental pioneer. He lived and worked in Borgarnes, Iceland, where he designed and constructed a small theme park for children called Bjössaróló, with play equipment which he built entirely from salvaged materials, and maintained it for many years.[1] The President of Iceland, Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, visited Bjössaróló in 1993.[2][3] BiographyBjörn was born in Ferjubakka í Borgarhreppi in 1911, son of Guðmundur Andrésson (31 October 1870 – 3 January 1969) and Ragnhildur Jónsdóttir (2 September 1877 – 2 July 1943).[1] The family moved to Borgarnes in 1934 and Björn worked for the local Cooperative Society, Kaupfélag Borgfirðinga,[1] which was the main employer in the area. After training as a carpenter he played a significant role as supervisor of buildings for Kaupfélag Borgfirðinga for many years.[1] Björn started constructing Bjössaróló in 1979, continually adding to it and maintaining it until he was well into his seventies.[7] He built all the play equipment from discarded salvaged materials, painting them in colours that blended with the surrounding environment.[7] Björn loved children, and used the design of Bjössaróló to teach them his wisdom about life. Ahead of his time in his promotion of recycling,[9] he was frugal and tidy and wanted children to learn the same virtues and to approach nature with respect and care. He taught them to enjoy flowers and let them grow instead of picking them, and he even designed the approach to Bjössaróló intentionally circuitous, he said, in order to teach the children to take their time on their way through life.[7] The site has views over the coast, so while the children are playing their parents can enjoy the scenery.[11] "This was a magical place, but a totally human magic",[12] commented one visitor. Another described it as "brilliantly executed with slides built into the surrounding hillocks, a variety of swings, a jungle gym, spinning top and several lookout points, the place was swarming with children"[13] The play equipment also includes an old boat, a castle,[9] seesaws and climbing dome.[12] One swing is made from a garden bench and is popular not only with children but also courting couples.[16] In 1996, at the age of 85, Björn moved into residential accommodation for the elderly where he continued his carpentry.[17] He died in Borgarnes on 14 July 1998, and his funeral was held in Borgarnes church on 28 July.[1] The Icelandic national newspaper Morgunblaðið published a lengthy obituary.[1] LegacyIn 2001 a commemorative board in memory of Björn was unveiled in Bjössaróló by President of Council Guðrúnu Jónsdóttur.[20] The board shows a photograph of Björn with Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland, taken during her visit to Bjössaróló in 1993 and has text in Icelandic and English telling the story of Bjössaróló, of Björn its creator, and of his ideals and vision. By 2004 Bjössarólo had fallen into some disrepair and in April 2008 funding was being sought for its upkeep.[22] By July 2008 a two million króna grant from Orkuveita Reykjavíkur (Reykjavik Energy) and a further half million anonymous donation had opened the way to the continued maintenance of the park.[23] On 14 January 2011, the hundredth anniversary of Björn's birth, a special exhibition opened in the Museum in Borgarnes featuring information about Björn, displays of his tools, and guest books from Bjössaróló.[3] Personal lifeBjörn married Ingu Ágústu Þorkelsdóttur (25 August 1917 – 22 February 1993) on 25 August 1942.[1] They had two children: Birgir (23 September 1941 – 8 December 2009)[26] and Alda (30 August 1942 – 7 July 1991).[1] References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://grapevine.is/Travel/ReadArticle/A-Borganestastic-Day|title=A Borganestastic Day – Learning and playing around Borgarfjörður|author=Rebecca Louder|date=17 August 2010|publisher=The Reykjavik Grapevine Travel|accessdate=24 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930120636/http://grapevine.is/Travel/ReadArticle/A-Borganestastic-Day|archive-date=2011-09-30|dead-url=yes|df=}} [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]2. ^1 {{cite journal|journal=Morgunblaðið|date=6 August 1993|volume=80|page=B8|url=http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?issId=125728&pageId=1789874&lang=en|title=Í silung við Bruna eða a „Bjössaróló"|author=Theódór Kr. Þórðarson|accessdate=26 June 2012}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|journal=Morgunblaðið|date=22 July 1994|volume=81|page=C6|url=http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?issId=126544&pageId=1810683&lang=en|title=Galierí Hönd op Skallagrímsgarður|author=Theódór Kr. Þórðarson|accessdate=26 June 2012}} 4. ^1 {{cite journal|journal=Morgunblaðið|date=17 April 1996|volume=83|issue=86|page=14|url=http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?issId=128372&pageId=1852035&lang=en|title=Fellur sjaldan verk úr hendi|accessdate=26 June 2012}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite journal|journal=Morgunblaðið|date=5 August 1998|volume=85|issue=182|page=43|url=http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?issId=130835&pageId=1911946&lang=is|title=BJORN GUÐMUNDSSON (Obituary)|author=Ragnar Sveinn Olgeirsson|accessdate=20 June 2012}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal|journal=Morgunblaðið|date=23 June 2001|volume=89|issue=140|page=19|url=http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?issId=249327&pageId=3399371&lang=en|title=Skilti afhjúpað um Bjössaróló|accessdate=24 June 2012}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.mbl.is/mm/mogginn/netminningar/minning.html?netm_id=92821|title=Birgir Björnsson|author=Einar Grétarsson|work=Morgunblaðið|date=16 December 2009|publisher=mbl.is|accessdate=20 June 2012}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.pressan.is/ferdapressan/Lesa_ferdapressan/alislensk-astarrola-fyrir-astfangin-por-i-borgarnesi|title=Alíslensk ástarróla fyrir ástfangin pör í Borgarnesi|date=21 June 2010|publisher=Pressan|author=Snæfríður Ingadóttir|accessdate=26 June 2012}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.safnahus.is/prenta.asp?Sid_Id=50715&tid=99&fre_Id=111706&meira=1&Tre_Rod=|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130218072735/http://www.safnahus.is/prenta.asp?Sid_Id=50715&tid=99&fre_Id=111706&meira=1&Tre_Rod=|dead-url=yes|archive-date=18 February 2013|title=Bjössi - 100 ára minning|date=14 January 2011|publisher=Safnahús Borgarfjarðar|accessdate=23 June 2012}} 10. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://whatwegotuptoiniceland.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/imgp9900.jpg|title=Signboard erected in Bjössaróló|date=June 2001|publisher=The town council of Borgarbyggð|accessdate=24 June 2012}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.west.is/view/p342|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130218101728/http://www.west.is/view/p342|dead-url=yes|archive-date=18 February 2013|title=Bjössaróló|publisher=Vesturland|accessdate=24 June 2012}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.visir.is/vilja-byggja-bjossarolo-upp-sem-menningarverdmaeti/article/2008719544394|title=Vilja byggja Bjössaróló upp sem menningarverðmæti|date=14 April 2008|publisher=Vísir|accessdate=24 June 2012}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.visir.is/tvaer-milljonir-i-bjossarolo/article/2008593631074|title=Tvær milljónir í Bjössaróló|date=8 July 2008|publisher=Vísir|accessdate=24 June 2012}} 14. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://whatwegotuptoiniceland.wordpress.com/2011/12/30/day-12-snaefellsnes/|title=What we got up to in Iceland|date=30 December 2011|accessdate=26 June 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826170915/http://whatwegotuptoiniceland.wordpress.com/2011/12/30/day-12-snaefellsnes/|archivedate=26 August 2012|df=}} }}{{DEFAULTSORT:Gudmundsson, Bjorn Hjortur}} 3 : 20th-century Icelandic people|1911 births|1998 deaths |
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