“Pediatric nursing”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Pediatric nursing is the medical care of neonates and children up to adolescence, usually in an in-patient hospital or day-clinic. Pediatrics comes from the Greek words 'paedia' which means child, 'iatrike' which means physician.^[1] 'Paediatrics' is the British/Australian spelling and 'pediatrics' is the United States spelling.

Overview

Direct nursing care

The main role of pediatric nurses is to administer directly procedures and medicines to children according to prescribed nursing care plans. Nurses also continually assess the patient by observing vital signs, and developing communication skills with children and family members and with medical teams. Being a support to children and their families is one component of direct nursing care. Awareness of the concerns of children and parents, being present physically at times of stress and implementing strategies to help children and family members cope are all part of the work.^[2]

Neonatal Nursing

Neonatal nurses are registered nurses who specialise in working with these young, vulnerable patients. Neonatal nursing is a branch of health-care that is mainly focus in providing care and support for newborn babies who were born prematurely, or suffering from health problems such as birth defects, infections, or heart deformities. Many neonatal nurses work in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), providing highly specialised medical care to at risk newborns.^[3]

Pediatric Emergency Nursing

Pediatric nurses are expected to have a fast mobility and quick response on stressful situations to contain the life-threatening situations. Key features of pediatric emergency nursing include:

Nursing goals

Training in the United States and Australia

The CPN (certified pediatric nurse) exam validates knowledge and expertise of pediatric nurses beyond basic RN licensure. Eligible RNs may have a diploma, associate's degree, BSN, MSN, or higher nursing degree and must have a minimum of 1800 hours of pediatric nursing experience. Over 20,000 nurses actively hold CPN certification.^[6] All pediatric nurses begin their career by becoming registered nurses (RN). Additional training specific to the care of children is then required. Training involves a mix of formal education and clinical experiences. Pediatric nurses can become certified in the field and may choose to further specialize. Students can enroll in an associate or bachelor's degree program in nursing. Some diploma programs offered exclusively through hospitals may also prepare students for the RN exam. Possible undergraduate paths could be to receive:

To become a pediatric nurse you need to first become a Registered nurse. A Registered nurse is a Bachelor of Science (Nursing) at University which is 3–4 years full-time. Once completed you then need to work in a clinical setting for at least 12–18 months. To then become a pediatric nurse you complete a graduate certificate in pediatric nursing.

Career Overview

Pediatric nurses and pediatric nurse practitioners work in a wide range of settings from doctor's offices and community-based settings to hospitals and critical care facilities.^[8] Pediatric Nurses may also assist paediatricians or work alongside them whilst providing care to the children. They provide care to children and adolescents in all aspects of their growth and well being. Pediatric nurses give primary care services such as diagnosing and treating most common childhood illnesses and developmental screenings.^[8] Acute care and specialty services are also available for the chronically ill children. Some pediatric nurses and nurse practitioners focus on a specialty area, such as cardiology, dermatology, gastroenterology or oncology.^[8]

Pediatric nurse practitioners

Pediatric nurse practitioners (PNP) play a large role in the lives of young people in both sick and also healthy children. To become a pediatric nurse practitioner you will need to go to school for at least two years after earning a bachelor's degree, and you'll need to apply to your state board of nursing to be recognized as an advanced practice nurse.^[9] There is also a separate examination that must be sat and passed in order for a pediatric nurse to practice as a PNP.

Patient education

Patient education helps to enhance treatment results. Nurses must be inclined to work with children at various levels of understanding because in this field of nursing, patient is especially challenging. Children needs someone to help them adapt to the hospital setting and prepare them for medical treatments and procedures, and as a patient educator, pediatric nurses are responsible for this care. Nurses also coach parents to observe and wait for important signs and responses to therapies, to build and increase the child's comfort, and even to provide advanced care.

Another form of patient education is counseling. Injury-prevention strategies and anticipatory guidance is provided in counseling to boost development. Helping the child or family solve a problem is often the focus in counseling with the responsibility of the advanced practice nurses or other experienced nurses.^[2]^[10]

Patient Advocacy

The expected effective advocate nurse^[11] must be aware of the following: child's and the family's needs, the family's resources, and the health care services available in the hospital and the community. The policies and resources of health care agencies must meet the psychosocial needs of children and families, where an advocate nurse must be sure of. The nurses can then reinforce the family and the child to make knowledgeable choices about these services and to achieve to act in the child's best interests.^[2]

References

1. ^{{cite book|last1=Datta|first1=Parul|title=Paediatric Nursing|date=2007|publisher=Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers|pages=506|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Um1_7gM-E1wC&printsec=frontcover&dq=pediatric+nursing&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FKv0VKjMF8KcygSB-IDwBw&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=pediatric%20nursing&f=false|accessdate=27 March 2015}}
2. ^¹²{{Cite book|title=Pediatric Nursing: caring for children|last=Ball|first=J.W.|last2=Bindler|first2=R.C.|publisher=Julie Levin Alexander|year=2003|isbn=0-13-099405-7|location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersey|pages=4}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://nann.org/professional-development/what-is-neonatal-nursing|title=Is a Career in Neonatal Nursing Right for You?|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.multibriefs.com/briefs/exclusive/role_of_pediatric_emergency_nursing.html#.Vzsof0xWm00|title=Role of pediatric emergency nursing|last=Majudmar|first=A.D.|date=2010|website=Multibriefs|publisher=|access-date=}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Continuum Pediatric Nursing|url=http://www.continuum-nursing.com/|website=www.continuum.com|accessdate=27 March 2015}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Pediatric Nursing Certificate Board|url=http://www.pncb.org/ptistore/control/exams/pn/index|accessdate=27 March 2015}}
7. ^{{Citation|last=Navy|first=Official Navy Page from United States of America MC2 John O'Neill Herrera/U S.|title=SAN DIEGO (April 13, 2012) Lt. j.g. Linda Duque, a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit nurse at Naval Medical Center San Diego, checks a newborn. More than 1,000 active duty and civilian nurses provide patient care throughout the medical center. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class John O'Neill Herrera/Released) 120413-N-LD533-011 Join the conversation www.facebook.com/USNavy www.twitter.com/USNavy navylive.dodlive.mil|date=2012-04-13|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_A_nurse_examines_a_newborn_baby..jpg|accessdate=2016-10-25}}
8. ^¹²{{Cite web|url=http://www.allnursingschools.com/nursing-careers/article/pediatric-nursing/|title=Pediatric Nurse {{!}} About Careers and Education|website=www.allnursingschools.com|access-date=2016-10-25}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.pncb.org/ptistore/control/about/forstudents|title=Pediatric Nursing Careers|website=www.pncb.org|access-date=2016-10-25}}
10. ^{{Cite book|title=Paediatric Nursing in Australia|last=Fraser|first=J.|publisher=Cambridge|year=2014|isbn=978-1-107-68500-0|location=|pages=}}
11. ^{{Cite journal|last=Sterling|first=Yvonne M.|date=2013-05-01|title=Pediatric Nurses as Advocates|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0882596313000857|journal=Journal of Pediatric Nursing|language=English|volume=28|issue=3|pages=309–310|doi=10.1016/j.pedn.2013.02.022|issn=0882-5963}}