| 词条 | Boddingtons Bitter |
| 释义 |
| name = Boddingtons Bitter | image = | type = Beer | abv = 3.5% | manufacturer = AB InBev | distributor = | origin = Manchester, England | introduced = 1971[1] | discontinued = | colour = straw/golden | flavour = | variants = Boddingtons Pub Ale | related = | website = }} Boddingtons Bitter (Boddies) is a straw-golden bitter originally produced by Boddington & Co at their Strangeways Brewery in Manchester. It is now owned by AB-InBev and produced at their brewery in Samlesbury, Lancashire. It is notable as one of the first beers to be packaged in cans containing a widget, giving it a creamy draught-style head. In the 1990s, the beer was heavily marketed as The Cream of Manchester in an advertising campaign credited with raising the city's profile.[2] Adverts from 1996 to 1999 featured Melanie Sykes, who is set to return to the adverts in 2017 to mark 21 years since her first advert.[3] Whitbread acquired Boddingtons in 1989, and gave the bitter nationwide distribution and an increased marketing budget. Boddingtons Bitter achieved its peak market share in 1997 and at the time was exported to over forty countries. Interbrew (now AB-InBev) acquired the Whitbread Beer Company in 2000. Strangeways Brewery was closed in 2004 and production of pasteurised (keg and can) Boddingtons was moved to Samlesbury. Production of the cask conditioned beer moved to Hydes Brewery in Moss Side, Manchester until it was discontinued in 2012. HistoryBoddingtons Bitter in its current form was introduced in 1971, and it was brewed at Boddingtons' Strangeways Brewery.[1] The product's increasing popularity drove the growth of the company throughout the 1970s.[4] The Observer commented in 1974 that the product's low price and distinctive flavour afforded it an unusually loyal following.[5] In 1981 the same newspaper commented, what has stood Boddingtons in good stead is the highly distinctive flavour of its brews, especially its bitters. In fact, in the North-West, Boddies is increasingly becoming a sort of cult brew.[6] In 1983 Boddingtons Bitter was distributed in the Home Counties for the first time.[7] By 1986, Boddingtons Bitter accounted for 90 percent of production at Strangeways Brewery.[8] The company was acquired by Whitbread in 1989.[9] Whitbread was motivated to fill a gap in its portfolio by owning a credible cask ale brand with a national reputation.[10] Whitbread's superior capitalisation and distribution network allowed it to take the Boddingtons brand nationwide.[11] Boddingtons had been in decline before the Whitbread takeover, and although it retained an almost "cult" following within its Manchester heartland, only 5 per cent of sales were outside the North West.[12][13] Whitbread transformed the brand from regional to national, expanding production from 200,000 to 850,000 barrels a year between 1989 and 1995.[14][15] By 1993 the cask version was outsold only by Tetley and John Smith's, and the majority of sales were outside of the North West.[13] By 1994 it was the fourth-highest selling bitter brand in the country.[16] The canned variant was distributed nationwide from 1990 and was the highest-selling canned bitter in the UK from 1992 until 2000.[17][18] The beer was officially exported overseas from 1993, initially to Canada.[19] The rise in sales of the beer coincided with the elevation of Manchester from "city of dark, beaten mills to the cultural magnet of Madchester".[12] Manchester and the North of England were now fashionable in the public consciousness and rejuvenated from an image of industrial decay. Whitbread chief executive Peter Jarvis commented in 1995 that: {{quote|It was very fortuitous that the brewery was in Manchester. To outsiders, Manchester is a very attractive place – known the world over for soccer, art, music and broadcasting. It would be difficult to have a Cream of Wolverhampton even though Banks's beer is very good. People do not aspire to visit Wolverhampton. On the whole they try to by-pass it.[14]}} Success was attributed to an excellent marketing campaign, and being the first canned ale to be sold with a widget after Guinness.[12] In 1997 Boddingtons sales peaked, and 1998 saw a drop in sales of 10 per cent.[20] Boddingtons had been turned into: "a fashion product ... and as with all fashion products, the drinkers moved on".[21] Despite this setback, in 1998-1999 Boddingtons' share of the UK ale market grew to 4.9 per cent, and sales grew by 7.3 percent during 1999-2000.[22][23] In May 2000 the Whitbread Beer Company was acquired by the Belgian brewer Interbrew, which owned Stella Artois. At that time one in eight barrels of Boddingtons was exported to some 40 countries worldwide, including China, the United States, Taiwan and the West Indies.[24] The Strangeways Brewery kegging facility closed in February 2003 with the loss of 50 jobs.[25] In August 2003, amidst falling sales, Interbrew relaunched the cask product in the North West of England, with an increased strength.[26] The relaunch was unsuccessful and the changes were reversed. In September 2004 the owners (now known as InBev) announced plans to close the Strangeways Brewery and move most production from Manchester to Magor in South Wales and Samlesbury, Lancashire, with the loss of 60 jobs.[27] Boddingtons cask ale production, which accounted for less than 10 per cent of output, was moved to Hydes Brewery in Moss Side.[28] Production ended in February 2005 and the brewery was demolished in 2007.[29] In May 2010 it was speculated in The Times that InBev (known as Anheuser-Busch InBev from 2008 onwards) would attempt to sell the Boddingtons brand to another brewer after its failed attempt to sell the UK rights to Bass ale.[30] The newspaper was damning of what it perceived as InBev's mismanagement of the brand, which had "declined under AB InBev's hands. The brand was once a leading part of the old Whitbread Beer Company, but its fortunes had dwindled since the closure in 2005 of the Strangeways Brewery."[30] In 2010 Boddingtons was the sixth-highest selling bitter in the United Kingdom, although sales had dropped by almost three quarters since the takeover by Anheuser–Busch InBev in 2000.[31] In July 2011 AB InBev's UK president Stuart MacFarlane claimed "We still believe in the brand" whilst admitting to not advertising the brand for five years, instead reaping the rewards of memories of earlier advertising.[32] Contract brewing of Boddingtons Cask continued until March 2012 when production of the beer ended.[33] Production was around 250,000 hectolitres in 2012, with around 80 percent of production destined for the UK market, and around 20 percent destined for export markets such as Taiwan, Singapore and United Arab Emirates.[34] In 2017, Anheuser–Busch InBev announced that it was launching a digital, social, PR and video campaign for Boddingtons featuring Melanie Sykes who had appeared in adverts for the brand in 1997.[35] VariantsBoddingtons has a distinctive straw-golden coloured body with a creamy white head, which is achieved by the addition of nitrogen.
The nitrogenated and pasteurised variant of the beer available in kegs and cans. It is brewed in Samlesbury.[36] The canned variant, launched in 1991, contains a widget to give the beer a creamy white head.[37] The beer's ABV was reduced from 3.8% to 3.5% in late 2008. On draught in the United Kingdom it is typically served at 5 to 7 degrees Celsius, although an Extra Cold variant served at 3 to 5 degrees Celsius has been available since 2006.[38][39] Its taste, or perceived lack of it, has been criticised by some, with Andrew Jefford describing it as a "blandly foamy nitrokeg travesty of the original [cask conditioned version]".[40]
A higher ABV version of Boddingtons Draught Bitter, brewed since 1993 for export markets. It was available in the United Kingdom from 1995–6 as Boddingtons Export.[42][43] Also sold in the U.K. under the label "Manchester Gold". [https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/50/79/f3/5079f3a80bbf78c3906855890c22d49c.jpg] References1. ^1 Mike Dunn, Local Brew: Traditional Breweries and Their Ales (Robert Hale, London, 1986) 2. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a7f4de4a-287d-11d9-9308-00000e2511c8.html#axzz1MApmbmFg |title=Manchester united in battle over Boddingtons |newspaper= Financial Times |first=William |last=Hall |date=28 October 2004 |accessdate=22 October 2011| location= London}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/melanie-sykes-returns-new-boddingtons-campaign/1427491|title=Melanie Sykes returns for new Boddingtons campaign|publisher=}} 4. ^{{cite news| title= Brewer confident of record| work= The Guardian| location= London| date= 17 November 1973| page= 15}} 5. ^{{cite news| title= The small beer versus the brewers| last= Jones| first= David| work= The Observer| location= London| date= 9 June 1974| page= 15}} 6. ^{{cite news| title= The toast is Boddingtons'| work= The Observer| location= London| date= 13 Sep 1981| page= 17}} 7. ^Huntingdonshire CAMRA, "A Look Back In Time" Opening Times Issue 136 Autumn 2008 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302044856/http://www.huntscamra2.org.uk/download/ot136.pdf |date=March 2, 2014 }} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2012/03/quiz-solution.html|title=Shut up about Barclay Perkins: Quiz solution|date=8 March 2012|publisher=}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.barrymcqueen.co.uk/Boddingtons.htm|title=Untitled Document|publisher=}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huntscamra.org.uk/download/ot069.pdf |title=Hunts CAMRA Newsletter, Issue No. 69 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=6 June 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402114239/http://www.huntscamra.org.uk/download/ot069.pdf |archivedate=April 2, 2012 }} 11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/content/image_galleries/boddingtons_strangeways_gallery.shtml |title=Boddies: 200 years of beers 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Campaign| date= 22 September 1995| publisher= Haymarket Business Publications}} 16. ^{{cite news| title= The Hunt for a Classic| work= Financial Times| date= 27 October 1994| page= 15}} 17. ^{{cite news| work= The Grocer| date= 25 November 1989| page= 32| title= Boddies joins Whitbread in the New Year| publisher= William Reed}} 18. ^{{cite news| work= The Herald| date= 19 May 1992| title= Whitbread's profits plunge 24% to £222m| page= 17}} 19. ^http://www.angelfire.com/pr/perfinsoc/abstracts/2345.pdf 20. ^{{cite news| first= Ian| last= Darby| url= http://www.brandrepublic.com/news/60209/ |title= New Whitbread role for Gilliland | work= Brandrepublic.com |date= 19 November 1998 |accessdate= 6 June 2012}} 21. ^{{cite news| title= The cream of Durham| last= Protz| first= Roger| work= The Guardian| date= 21 November 1998| page= C85}} 22. ^{{cite book|title=Annual Report|year=1999|publisher=Whitbread|url=http://miranda.hemscott.com/ir/wtb/pdf/Whitbread_Annual_Report_9899.pdf|access-date=2014-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033232/http://miranda.hemscott.com/ir/wtb/pdf/Whitbread_Annual_Report_9899.pdf#|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|df=}} 23. ^{{cite news|last=Salter|first=Alan|title=Whitbread set for new round of NW spending|newspaper=Manchester Evening News|date=5 May 2000}} 24. ^{{cite news |title=Howard Takes The Cream Of Manchester To Sales Record In His Singapore Bar |newspaper=Manchester Evening News |date= 29 August 2000| last= Broster| first= Paul}} 25. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/fmcg/interbrews-man-u-turn/81536.article |title=Interbrew's Man U-turn |work=The Grocer |date=9 November 2002 |accessdate=6 June 2012| publisher= William Reed}} 26. ^{{cite news|first=Melanie |last=Godsell |date=28 March 2007 |url=http://www.marketingmagazine.co.uk/news/646250/ |title=Boddingtons plans revamp |work=Marketing Magazine| publisher= Haymarket Business Publications| accessdate=7 May 2011 |page=10}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3469/is_38_55/ai_n11842120 |title=InBev to close Boddington's |publisher=Modern Brewery Age |date=20 September 2004 |accessdate=22 October 2011}} 28. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2004/sep/10/9|title=Boddies buries Mancunian past|work=The Guardian|date=10 September 2004|last=Wainwright|first=Martin|location=London}} 29. ^{{cite news|title=The bitter end for Boddies |newspaper=Manchester Evening News |date=16 March 2007 |accessdate=22 October 2011 |url=http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/1002/1002100_the_bitter_end_for_boddies.html |last=Rooth |first=Ben |publisher=M.E.N. Media |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323033458/http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/1002/1002100_the_bitter_end_for_boddies.html |archivedate=23 March 2012 |df= }} 30. ^1 {{cite news| url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/consumer_goods/article7136607.ece | location=London | newspaper=The Times | first=Dominic | last=Walsh | title=Buyer sought for beer that Britain forgot | date=26 May 2010}} 31. ^Alcoholic Drinks: Euromonitor from trade sources/national statistics, 2011 32. ^{{cite news| work= The Grocer| date= 16 July 2011| page= 34| publisher= William Reed| title= top 51–60}} 33. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.northwestcaterer.co.uk/2012/01/19/hydes-hails-a-very-satisfactory-year/ |title=Hydes hails a 'very satisfactory' year |work=North West Caterer |date=19 January 2012 |accessdate=6 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707214920/http://www.northwestcaterer.co.uk/2012/01/19/hydes-hails-a-very-satisfactory-year/ |archive-date=2012-07-07 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 34. ^Alcoholic Drinks: Euromonitor from trade sources/national statistics 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.morningadvertiser.co.uk/Drinks/Beer/Boddingtons-reunites-with-Melanie-Sykes-at-the-Publican-Awards|title=Boddingtons reunites with Melanie Sykes at the Publican Awards|publisher=}} 36. ^{{cite news| date= 27 May 2012| title= Beer brewers change in trying times| first= Andrew| last= Bounds| work= Financial Times (FT.Com)| url= http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8fabcf28-a693-11e1-968b-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1ww7pYmcr}} 37. ^{{cite news|title=Boddingtons suffers technical hitch |work=Marketing |date=18 April 1991 |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-10818519/boddingtons-suffers-technical-hitch.html |accessdate=6 June 2012 |publisher=Haymarket Business Publications |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511064541/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-10818519/boddingtons-suffers-technical-hitch.html |archivedate=May 11, 2013 }} 38. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.morningadvertiser.co.uk/news.ma/article/8916?Ntt=boddingtons&Ntk=All&PagingData=Po_0~Ps_10~Psd_Asc |title=Boddingtons in £14m spend |work= Morning Advertiser |date= 5 December 2002 |accessdate=22 October 2011}} 39. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.morningadvertiser.co.uk/Brands-News/InBev-takes-first-dip-in-extra-cold-waters |title=InBev takes first dip in extra-cold waters |work= Morning Advertiser |date=8 December 2005 |accessdate=6 June 2012}} 40. ^{{cite news| title= Thriving in a beer market| work= Financial Times| date= 1 August 2003| last=Jefford| first=Andrew}} 41. ^{{cite web| url= http://www.anheuser-busch.com/s/uploads/Boddingtons-Fact-Sheet.pdf| format= PDF| title= Boddingtons Pub Ale| accessdate= 7 June 2012}} 42. ^{{cite news |first=David |last=Benady |url=http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/home/boddingtons-export-to-be-axed-after-poor-sales/2050760.article |title=Boddington's Export to be axed after poor sales|work= Marketing Week |date=24 May 1996 |accessdate=7 May 2011}} 43. ^{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5245/is_n7197_v217/ai_n28655271/ |title= Whitbread's widget targets bottled ales |work= The Grocer |date= 8 April 1995 |accessdate=7 May 2011| publisher= William Reed}} 4 : Beer brands of the United Kingdom|InBev brands|Products introduced in 1971|1971 establishments in England |
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