| 词条 | Bo-hiya | ||||
| 释义 |
History and descriptionFire arrows of some type have been used in Japan as far back as the 6th century where they are said to have been used during a military campaign in Korea. Bows (yumi) were used to launch these early fire arrows.[1] In 10th-century China, gunpowder was used to launch fire arrows, and this type of fire arrow was used against the Japanese by Mongolian naval vessels in the 13th century.[2] In 1543 the Japanese acquired matchlock technology from the Portuguese, and the resulting firearms developed by the Japanese led to new means of launching fire arrows. These rocket-type bo-hiya had the appearance of a thick arrow with large fins, a wood shaft and a metal tip; they resembled the Korean chongtong, a cannon-fired rocket.[3] Bo-hiya were ignited by lighting a fuse made from incendiary waterproof rope which was wrapped around the shaft; when lit the bo-hiya was launched from either a wide-bore cannon, a form of tanegashima (Japanese matchlock) called hiya zutsu, or from a mortar-like weapon (hiya taihou). By the 16th century, Japanese pirates were reported to have used bo-hiya. During one sea battle it was said the bo hiya were "falling like rain".[4] Bo-hiya were standard equipment on Japanese military vessels, where they were used to set fire to enemy ships.[5] GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite book|last=Brinkley|first=Francis|authorlink=Francis Brinkley|title=Japan: its history, arts, and literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SuZKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA135|year=1901|publisher=J.B. Millet Co.|pages=135}} 2. ^{{cite book|last=Baker|first=David|title=The Rocket: The History and Development of Rocket & Missile Technology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hEE-AQAAIAAJ|publisher=Crown|page=10}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Turnbull|first=Stephen|authorlink=Stephen Turnbull (historian)|title=Fighting Ships of the Far East (2): Japan and Korea AD 612-1639|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eviiOkceimoC&pg=PT39|year=2003|publisher=Bloomsbury USA|isbn=978-1-84176-478-8|page=39}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Turnbull|first=Stephen|authorlink=Stephen Turnbull (historian)|title=Pirate of the Far East: 811-1639|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__9EEed9bugC&pg=PT34|year=2007|publisher=Bloomsbury USA|isbn=978-1-84603-174-8|page=34}} 5. ^H. A. C. Bonar, "On Maritime Enterprise in Japan", in {{cite book|title=Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zavV4dc29EgC&pg=RA2-PA121|year=1885|publisher=Asiatic Society of Japan.|pages=121}} External links{{commons category|Bo hiya (fire arrow)}}{{Japanese (samurai) weapons, armour and equipment}}{{Early firearms}} 5 : Early firearms|Early rocketry|Japanese inventions|Samurai weapons and equipment|Weapons of Japan |
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