1. Origin and recording

2. Composition and lyrics

3. Release and reception
    2014 Record Store Day re-release  Artwork 

4. Accolades

5. MTV Unplugged version

6. Music video

7. Track listings

8. Chart positions

9. Personnel

10. Recording and release history
     Demo and studio versions  Live versions 

11. Cover versions

12. References

13. External links

"Pennyroyal Tea" is a song by the American rock band Nirvana, written by vocalist and guitarist Kurt Cobain. It is the ninth track on the band's third and final studio album, In Utero, released in September, 1993. The song was due to be released as the third single from In Utero in April 1994, but the single was recalled following Cobain's death the same month.^[1] The single was re-released, on limited edition 7 inch vinyl, for Record Store Day in April 2014, and charted at number 1 on the Billboard Hot Singles Sales chart.^[2][3][4][5]

Origin and recording

According to Michael Azerrad's 1993 Nirvana biography, The Story of Nirvana, "Pennyroyal Tea" was written by Cobain in 1990 in an Olympia, Washington apartment he shared with Nirvana drummer, Dave Grohl. "Dave and I were screwing around on a 4-track," Cobain explained, "and I wrote that song in about thirty seconds. And I sat down for like half-an-hour and wrote the lyrics and then we recorded it."^[6] It was first performed live on April 17, 1991 at the OK Hotel in Seattle, Washington, the show at which Nirvana also debuted their breakthrough single, "Smells Like Teen Spirit."^[7] Two unfinished takes, both lacking vocals, were recorded by Jack Endino on October 26, 1992, at Word of Mouth in Seattle, Washington.^[7]

The final version was recorded by Steve Albini at Pachyderm Studio in Cannon Falls, Minnesota in February, 1993, and officially released on In Utero in September, 1993. Cobain was unsatisfied with the recording, telling David Fricke in a 1993 Rolling Stone interview that the song "was not recorded right. There is something wrong with that. That should have been recorded like Nevermind, because I know that's a strong song, a hit single. We're toying with the idea of re-recording it or remixing it."^[8] The song was remixed by Scott Litt, who had remixed the In Utero songs "Heart-Shaped Box" and "All Apologies" prior to the album's release, on November 22, 1993 at Bad Animals in Seattle, Washington.^[9] This version appears on the censored Wal-Mart and Kmart versions of In Utero, released in March 1994, and is the mix that was released as a single. It also appears on the band's two greatest hits albums, Nirvana (2002) and Icon (2010).

Composition and lyrics

The song's title refers to the tea made from boiling the leaves of the plant Mentha pulegium, or pennyroyal, which is used as an abortifacient, among other things, in traditional medicine. In Cobain's unused liner notes for In Utero, published posthumously in Journals in 2002, the entry for "Pennyroyal Tea" simply reads: "herbal abortive... it doesn't work, you hippie."^[10]

In an interview in the October 1993 issue of Impact, Cobain gave greater insight into the song, saying that it was about a person suffering from severe depression:^[11] {{quote|When I ask Cobain if 'Penny Royal Tea' is about indigestion, he half-laughs. 'Penny royal tea is a herbal abortive,' he says. 'I threw that in because I have so many friends who have tried to use that, and it never worked. The song is about a person who's beyond depressed; they're in their death bed, pretty much.' Cobain's own bout with serious stomach pain was well documented last year. 'Yeah, it did rub off on the song,' he admits. And I couldn't help noticing the 'Canadian' reference to a Leonard Cohen afterworld. 'That was my therapy, when I was depressed and sick. I'd read things like Malloy Dies [sic] by Beckett, or listen to Leonard Cohen, which would actually make it worse,' he laughs.}}

In a 1995 interview, Cohen told Addicted to Noise correspondent Peter Howell, "I'm sorry I couldn't have spoken to the young man. I see a lot of people at the Zen Centre, who have gone through drugs and found a way out that is not just Sunday school. There are always alternatives, and I might have been able to lay something on him. Or maybe not."^[12][13]

Release and reception

The "Pennyroyal Tea" single was recalled shortly after Cobain's death in April 1994.^[14] The single's cancellation may have in part be due to the title of one of the b-sides, "I Hate Myself and Want to Die,"^[1], although it may have been cancelled regardless of this, so as not to capitalize on Cobain's death.^[1]

At the time, only retail versions of the CD single made in Germany had been manufactured and distributed.^[1] The singles were recalled and destroyed by the record label or retailers, but some copies were put aside, which is apparently the source of surviving copies. Some copies may have been sold by retailers, despite the recall.^[1] A promotional CD single manufactured in the United Kingdom survived in even smaller numbers than the German retail CD.^[15] Sleeves for the single's release in the UK, on 7 inch vinyl and cassette, were manufactured, but the single itself was not pressed in the UK prior to the recall. ^[16] As with all Nirvana artwork, it had been produced in the United States, although there were no plans to release the single in the US.^[17]

A planned promotional performance on the UK TV show Top of the Pops is evident as a Digital Audio Tape has been discovered containing three different mixes of "Pennyroyal Tea" all without vocals for the show which was strictly live vocal to track performances.^[18]

Reviewing In Utero for Rolling Stone, Fricke wrote, "In the sepulchral folk intro of 'Penny Royal Tea,' Cobain almost sounds like Michael Stipe at the beginning of R.E.M.’s Drive' — before the heaving, fuzz-burnt chorus comes lashing down with a vengeance."^[19] In his review of the album for the NME, John Mulvey wrote that "Pennyroyal Tea" was "a terrific song – straightforward, insidious, oddly moving," but that "the guitars don’t scream enough, the chorus doesn’t tower like it should, and overall it’s the one real ‘Call Butch Vig’ moment."^[20]

In 2004, the NME ranked it at number six on their list of the "20 Greatest Nirvana Songs Ever."^[21] The same year, Q erroneously included the song on their list of "12 Album Tracks That Should Have Been Singles, But Weren't," at number two.^[22] In 2015, Rolling Stone placed it at number 11 on their ranking of 102 Nirvana songs.^[23]

2014 Record Store Day re-release

On April 19, 2014, the "Pennyroyal Tea" single was re-released on 7-inch vinyl for Record Store Day 2014, limited to only 6000 copies.^[24][25] It was the top-selling vinyl single of Record Store Day in the US,^[5][26] reaching number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles Sales Chart.^[2]

Artwork

Unlike the artwork for the previous In Utero singles, "Heart-Shaped Box" and "All Apologies"/ "Rape Me", the artwork for the "Pennyroyal Tea" single featured no input from Cobain. "We got it done and I don't know that Kurt was around to approve it or not," recalls designer Robert Fisher. "I think it might just have been shot to management to approve or something."^[27] The single's cover features a teacup on a table next to a used ashtray, a cream pitcher and animal crackers.

Accolades

MTV Unplugged version

A live, acoustic version was recorded during the band's MTV Unplugged performance on November 18, 1993 at Sony Music Studios in New York City. The band had tried different approaches to the song during the rehearsal earlier that day, performing it in a different key and with guitarist Pat Smear on backing vocals. However, during the show Cobain decided to attempt the song on his own and in the regular key, asking, "Am I going to do this by myself?" to which Grohl replied, "Do it by yourself," and Cobain joking that "if it sounds bad, these people are just going to have to wait." The song was performed in the same arrangement as the In Utero version but without the guitar solo, and Cobain paused before the third verse, as if briefly forgetting what lyric to sing next, then regained himself and completed the song. Cobain's biographer, Charles Cross, called this version Cobain's "single greatest moment onstage," writing that "like all the high-water marks of his career, it came at a time when he seemed destined to fail."^[31]

This version was officially released on the album MTV Unplugged in New York in November, 1994. Footage of the performance, as well as from the rehearsals, were released on the MTV Unplugged in New York DVD in November, 2007.

Music video

Track listings

All songs written and composed by Kurt Cobain unless otherwise noted.

1994 German CD single (GED 21907)

1. "Pennyroyal Tea" (Litt remix)
2. "I Hate Myself and Want to Die"
3. "Where Did You Sleep Last Night (In the Pines)" (live) (Traditional)

1994 UK

//Promo single">promotional CD single (NIRPRO)

1. "Pennyroyal Tea" (Litt remix)

1994 UK CD single (planned but never produced apart from the inserts)

1. "Pennyroyal Tea" (Litt remix)
2. "I Hate Myself and Want to Die"
3. "Where Did You Sleep Last Night (In the Pines)" (live) (Traditional)

1994 UK

//Compact Cassette">cassette single (planned but never produced)

1. "Pennyroyal Tea" (Litt remix)
2. "Where Did You Sleep Last Night (In the Pines)" (live) (Traditional)

1994 UK 7" vinyl single (planned but never produced apart from the card sleeves)

1. "Pennyroyal Tea" (Litt remix)
2. "Where Did You Sleep Last Night (In the Pines)" (live) (Traditional)

2014 Record Store Day 7" vinyl single re-release

1. "Pennyroyal Tea" (Litt remix)
2. "I Hate Myself and Want to Die"

Chart positions

Personnel

All personnel credits adapted from In Utero{{'}}s liner notes^[36] except design personnel adapted from "Pennyroyal Tea"'s liner notes.^[37]

Nirvana

• Kurt Cobain – vocals, guitar
• Krist Novoselic – bass
• Dave Grohl – drums

Production personnel

• Steve Albini – producer, engineer
• Adam Kasper – engineer
• Scott Litt – mixing
• Bob Ludwig – mastering

Design personnel

• Robert Fisher – art direction, design
• Greg Stata – art direction, design
• John Skalicky – photography

Recording and release history

Demo and studio versions

Live versions

Cover versions

References

Bibliography

• {{cite book|title=Come as You Are: The Story of Nirvana|last=Azerrad|first=Michael|authorlink=Michael Azerrad|year=1993|publisher=Doubleday|location=New York|isbn=0-86369-746-1}}

References

Notes

External links

• "Pennyroyal Tea" single information at {{URL|http://crimson-ceremony.net/pr3/index.php|Pennyroyal 3}}
• "Pennyroyal Tea" discography at {{URL|http://www.nirvana-discography.com/|nirvana-discography.com}}
• {{MetroLyrics song|nirvana|pennyroyal-tea}}

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