| 词条 | Penola, South Australia |
| 释义 |
| type = town | name = Penola | state = sa | image = Penola SA town centre.jpg | caption = Penola town centre | coordinates = {{coord|37|22|0|S|140|50|0|E|display=inline,title}} | coord_ref = [1] |pushpin_label_position =left | use_lga_map = yes | pop = 1317 | pop_year = {{CensusAU|2006}} | pop_footnotes = [2] | established = 1867 (town) 13 December 2001 (locality) | established_footnotes = [1][2] | postcode = 5277 | elevation= 65 | elevation_footnotes = | timezone = | utc = | timezone-dst = | utc-dst = | dist1 = 388 | dir1 = SE | location1= Adelaide | dist2 = | dir2 = | location2 = | dist3 = | dir3 = | location3 = | region= Limestone Coast[3] | county = Grey[1] | lga = Wattle Range Council | stategov = MacKillop | fedgov = Barker | maxtemp = 20.0 | maxtemp_footnotes = | mintemp = 8.3 | mintemp_footnotes = | rainfall = 708.5 | rainfall_footnotes = | near-n = Coonawarra | near-ne = Dorodong | near-e = Dorodong Lake Mundi | near-se = Lake Mundi | near-s = Nangwarry | near-sw = Krongart | near-w = Monbulla | near-nw = Maaoupe |footnotes=Adjoining localities[1][4][5] }}Penola is a town in the Australian state of South Australia located about {{convert|388|km}} southeast of the state capital of Adelaide in the wine growing area known as the Coonawarra. At the {{CensusAU|2006}}, Penola had a population of 1,317.[6] It is known as the central location in the life of Mary MacKillop (St. Mary of the Cross), the first Australian to gain Roman Catholic sainthood,[7] who alongside Julian Tenison Woods in 1866 established the first free Catholic school[8][9] using the Woods/MacKillop Catholic education system in Australia,[10] St. Joseph's School.[11] Woods and MacKillop also established in Penola 'her' order of nuns, the Congregation of the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart. The order, otherwise known as the 'Josephites' or 'Brown Joeys', continue to work with the poor and needy communities throughout the world today.[12] Penola was on the Mount Gambier to Wolseley railway line which opened in 1887 until its closure to freight on 12 April 1995 and then to Limestone Coast Railway tourist passengers on 1 July 2006.[13] HistoryThe first Europeans to the area were the Austin brothers who arrived in 1840 and established a run of 109 square miles (282 km²). The first settlers were Scottish-born Alexander Cameron and his wife Margaret in January 1844 after obtaining an occupation licence. In April 1850, Cameron obtained 80 acres (0.3 km²) of freehold land (his station was on a pastoral lease) and established the private town of Panoola, later known as Penola. By 1850, he had built the Royal Oak Hotel and was doing much business supplying liquor to the many travelers passing through to the Victoria goldfields. Penola Post Office opened around 1852.[14] John Riddoch purchased Yallum in 1861. Riddoch grew up in poverty in the highlands of Scotland and in 1851 emigrated to try his luck on the Victoria goldfields. Within a few years he was a successful shopkeeper and wine merchant on the Geelong goldfields. He acquired 35,000 acres (142 km²) on which he ran 50,000 head of sheep. It was Riddoch who planted the first grape vines and helped to diversify the pastoral economy of the area with an agricultural industry. In 1890, he established the Penola Fruit Growing Colony which was renamed Coonawarra in 1897. In 2010, a strong tornado ripped through the township destroying at least four buildings and damaging many more.[15] Heritage listingsPenola has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
Climate{{Weather box |location = Penola State Forest Reserve, Nangwarry, South Australia |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 44.0 |Feb record high C = 44.1 |Mar record high C = 41.3 |Apr record high C = 34.6 |May record high C = 28.5 |Jun record high C = 20.4 |Jul record high C = 22.0 |Aug record high C = 24.5 |Sep record high C = 31.2 |Oct record high C = 33.6 |Nov record high C = 39.5 |Dec record high C = 42.9 |year record high C = 44.1 |Jan high C = 26.3 |Feb high C = 27.3 |Mar high C = 24.5 |Apr high C = 21.0 |May high C = 17.0 |Jun high C = 14.0 |Jul high C = 13.6 |Aug high C = 14.7 |Sep high C = 16.6 |Oct high C = 19.2 |Nov high C = 21.8 |Dec high C = 24.5 |year high C = 20.0 |Jan low C = 11.8 |Feb low C = 12.0 |Mar low C = 11.2 |Apr low C = 9.0 |May low C = 7.2 |Jun low C = 5.2 |Jul low C = 4.5 |Aug low C = 5.2 |Sep low C = 6.5 |Oct low C = 7.4 |Nov low C = 9.0 |Dec low C = 10.7 |year low C = 8.3 |Jan record low C = 3.0 |Feb record low C = 2.3 |Mar record low C = 2.8 |Apr record low C = 0.0 |May record low C = -0.5 |Jun record low C = -2.2 |Jul record low C = -3.2 |Aug record low C = -1.0 |Sep record low C = -0.4 |Oct record low C = 0.1 |Nov record low C = 0.2 |Dec record low C = 1.3 |year record low C = -3.2 |Jan rain mm = 25.2 |Feb rain mm = 20.8 |Mar rain mm = 33.2 |Apr rain mm = 52.9 |May rain mm = 71.2 |Jun rain mm = 81.6 |Jul rain mm = 101.9 |Aug rain mm = 91.7 |Sep rain mm = 76.6 |Oct rain mm = 61.0 |Nov rain mm = 46.3 |Dec rain mm = 40.2 |Jan rain days = 7.5 |Feb rain days = 6.0 |Mar rain days = 8.6 |Apr rain days = 11.9 |May rain days = 15.7 |Jun rain days = 16.3 |Jul rain days = 18.7 |Aug rain days = 19.6 |Sep rain days = 16.6 |Oct rain days = 13.7 |Nov rain days = 11.6 |Dec rain days = 10.8 |unit rain days = 0.2mm |source 1 = Bureau of Meteorology[30] |date=April 2014}} TourismThe Mary MacKillop Interpretive Centre is located in Penola. It is within close proximity to the two State Heritage sites of Petticoat Lane and the original stone schoolhouse developed by Mary MacKillop in conjunction with Father Julian Tenison Woods in the 1800s. GovernancePenola is in the local government area of the Wattle Range Council. It is in the state electorate of MacKillop and the federal Division of Barker. SportThe town has an Australian Rules football team competing in the Kowree-Naracoorte-Tatiara Football League.[31] MediaThe primary local newspaper of the district is The Pennant,[32] published weekly since July 1946, while The Border Watch (also part of the Scott Group of Companies) and rival The Naracoorte Herald, also publish local and regional news.[33] Notable peoplePenola has been home to some notable and interesting people. Among them Saint Mary MacKillop, poets John Shaw Neilson and Adam Lindsay Gordon, Father J.T. Woods, Scottish-Australian bush poet Will H. Ogilvie (1869–1963), Sara Douglass, Michael Graham (footballer) and John Riddoch. It was The Border Watch that published Ogilvie's first poem in Australia on 22 April 1893, when he was at nearby Maaoupe Station.[34] The Antarctic explorer John Riddoch Rymill was born in Penola, named his ship Penola and later successfully farmed the Old Penola Estate.[35] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Search result for " Penola (LOCB)" (Record no SA0035800) with the following layers selected - "Suburbs and Localities", "Place names (gazetteer)" "Road Labels " and "Development Plan Layers" |url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/#|work=Property Location Browser |publisher=Government of South Australia |accessdate=5 September 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web|last1=Lawson|first1=R.|title=GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES ACT 1991 Notice to Assign Boundaries and Names to Places (in the Wattle Range Council)|url=http://governmentgazette.sa.gov.au/sites/default/files/public/documents/gazette/2001/December/2001_164.pdf|website=The South Australian Government Gazette|publisher=South Australian Government|accessdate=27 February 2018|page=5365|date=13 December 2001}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Limestone Coast SA Government region|url=http://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/8589/Limestone_Coast_SA_Government_region.pdf|publisher=The Government of South Australia|accessdate=10 October 2014}} 4. ^{{Cite web |title=West Wimmera Shire town and rural districts names and boundaries |url=http://www.dtpli.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/218368/West_Wimmera_V45b.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018013049/http://www.dtpli.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/218368/West_Wimmera_V45b.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=18 October 2015 |accessdate=5 September 2016 |work=Locality names and boundary maps |publisher=Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, State Government of Victoria, Australia }} 5. ^{{Cite web | title = Glenelg Shire town and rural districts names and boundaries | url = http://www.dtpli.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/218177/Glenelg_V47.pdf | accessdate = 3 September 2016 | work = Locality names and boundary maps | publisher = Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, State Government of Victoria, Australia | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161222073851/http://www.dtpli.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/218177/Glenelg_V47.pdf | archivedate = 22 December 2016 | df = dmy-all }} 6. ^1 {{Census 2006 AUS|id=UCL420400|name=Penola (Urban Centre/Locality)|accessdate=17 October 2011|quick=on}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/12/19/2776743.htm?section=australia |title=MacKillop to become Australia's first saint |date=19 December 2009 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=20 December 2009}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sosj.org.au/about/queensland/history.html |title=Sisters of St Joseph – Queensland Province – History |date=n.d. |accessdate=20 December 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026212734/http://www.sosj.org.au/about/queensland/history.html |archivedate=26 October 2009 }} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sosj.org.au/about/south_australia/history.html |title=Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Sacred Heart – South Australian Province – History |date=n.d. |accessdate=20 December 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016004409/http://www.sosj.org.au/about/south_australia/history.html |archivedate=16 October 2009 }} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.marymackillopplace.org.au/museum/documents/FoundationAndEstablishment.pdf |title=Background to the Foundation of the Sisters of St Joseph & the Establishment of the Woods/MacKillop System of Catholic Education |author=Foale, M. T. |year=2006 |accessdate=20 December 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929192239/http://www.marymackillopplace.org.au/museum/documents/FoundationAndEstablishment.pdf |archivedate=29 September 2009 |df=dmy-all }} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sosj.org.au/mary/mary.html |title=Mary MacKillop's Story |date=n.d. |accessdate=17 December 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091201042336/http://www.sosj.org.au/mary/mary.html |archivedate=1 December 2009 |df=dmy-all }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sosj.org.au/about/index.html |title=Sisters of St Joseph – About Us |date=n.d. |accessdate=20 December 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203230742/http://www.sosj.org.au/about/index.html |archivedate=3 December 2009 }} 13. ^{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080722010619/http://www.limestonecoastrailway.org.au/ |archivedate=26 July 2008 |title=Welcome to the Limestone Coast Railway |url=http://www.limestonecoastrailway.org.au/}} 14. ^{{cite web | last = Premier Postal History | title = Post Office List | url = https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=VIC&country= | accessdate = 2008-04-11}} 15. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.weatherzone.com.au/news/wicked-tornado-rips-through-penola/14725 |title='Wicked' tornado rips through Penola |accessdate=3 April 2014 |date=1 August 2010 |publisher=ABC News}} 16. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16509 | title=St Andrew's Presbyterian Church | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=26 August 2016}} 17. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16511 | title=Penola Public Library and Mechanics Institute | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=26 August 2016}} 18. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16506 | title=Dwelling ('Ulva Cottage') | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=26 August 2016}} 19. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16515 | title=National Bank Penola Branch | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=26 August 2016}} 20. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16513 | title=Dwelling (former Bank of South Australia Penola Branch) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=26 August 2016}} 21. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16514 | title=Heyward's Royal Oak Hotel | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=26 August 2016}} 22. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16503 | title=Former Penola Post Office and Dwelling | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=26 August 2016}} 23. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16512 | title=Bushman's Inn Restaurant (former Bushman's Inn) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=26 August 2016}} 24. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16510 | title=Dwelling (former Penola Railway Station) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=26 August 2016}} 25. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16518 | title=Dwelling - John Shaw Neilson's former cottage | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=26 August 2016}} 26. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16517 | title=Woods MacKillop Schoolhouse | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=26 August 2016}} 27. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16516 | title=Former Penola Butter & Cheese Factory | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=26 August 2016}} 28. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16505 | title=Dwelling & Shop - Sharam's Cottage (First) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=26 August 2016}} 29. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16531 | title=Sharam's Cottage (Second) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=26 August 2016}} 30. ^{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_026036_All|site_name=Penola State Forest Reserve|accessdate=3 April 2014|date=April 2014}} 31. ^{{cite web | last = Full Points Footy | title = Kowree-Naracoorte-Tatiara | url = http://www.fullpointsfooty.net/kowree-naracoorte-tatiara_football_league.htm| accessdate = 2008-07-25}} 32. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.sacountrypress.com.au/index.php/penola |publisher=Country Press SA |title=Pennant |accessdate=14 May 2018}} 33. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.newspapers.com.au/penola.html |publisher=Australia Gday |work=Newspapers.com.au |title=Penola local newspapers |accessdate=14 May 2018}} 34. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article77072752 |title=Kings of the earth. |newspaper=The Border Watch |volume=XXXII, |issue=3065 |location=South Australia |date=22 April 1893 |accessdate=9 December 2018 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}} 35. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article93983618 |title=Perennial Pastures on Old Penola Estate. |newspaper=The Chronicle |location=Adelaide |date=9 December 1954 |accessdate=8 January 2013 |page=23 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} Further reading
External links
2 : Towns in South Australia|Limestone Coast |
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