| 词条 | Bradley Garrett |
| 释义 |
Bradley Garrett (born c. 1981)[1] is an American social and cultural geographer at the University of Sydney in Australia and a columnist for The Guardian newspaper in the United Kingdom.[2][3] He describes his research interests as being at the intersections of cultural geography, archaeology and visual methods and writes that his research is about "finding the hidden in the world".[4][5] He is the author of Explore Everything: Place-Hacking the City,[6] an ethnographic account of the activities of the London Consolidation Crew (LCC), a group of urban explorers Garrett calls "place hackers". In a 2013 interview with Will Storr for the Daily Telegraph, Garrett described "place hacking", otherwise known as urban exploration, as a way of "...seeing the city like it’s a puzzle and putting the pieces of that puzzle together, connecting things". Garrett went on to explain that "...the more we feel like there are things we can’t do and places we can’t see, the more urban exploration has [a] capacity to give people hope".[7] Though Garrett has published academic research papers on archaeology, history and visual methods, it is his multimedia work (photos, videos and text) connected to the "place hackers" project which has received the most attention, both in academia and from the wider public.[1] EducationGarrett received a B.S. in anthropology and B.A. in history from the University of California, Riverside in 2003 before moving to Australia to undertake an MSc in maritime archaeology at James Cook University in 2005. He did his first ethnographic research with the Winnemem Wintu tribe in Northern California about their loss of access to ancestral land inundated by the construction of Shasta Dam.[8] He then worked for private archaeology firms in Hawaii and for the Bureau of Land Management in California as an archaeologist. In 2008, Garrett moved to the United Kingdom where he completed a PhD in social and cultural geography at Royal Holloway, University of London, with a thesis entitled Tales of Urban Exploration.[9] He was supervised by the human geographer Tim Cresswell. CareerUpon completion of his PhD, Garrett took up a two-year postdoctoral research post at School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford from 2012-2014, where he was a fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford. He then worked for two years at the University of Southampton moving to the University of Sydney where he is now based. He is currently doing research with survivalists preparing for apocalyptic scenarios. His most significant work is Explore Everything: Place-Hacking the City.[6] The book describes the exploits of the LCC, as they trespassed into hundred of locations over five years in an attempt to "reveal the hidden city".[10] The book was chosen by Rowan Moore of The Guardian as one of the best architecture books of 2013.[11] Garrett claims the goal of this work was to re-map London by opening out vertical urban imaginations and exposing the ways in which surveillance and control are embedded in modern spatial planning.[12] Garrett suggests surveillance is subverted and rendered inert through the urban explorer's "place hack" when control of the city is temporarily taken back through creative practice. In a 2014 TEDx talk entitled "Trespass is Good for Cities", Garrett told the audience that "When we explore cities, when we ignore the "no trespassing" signs and cross those borders, whether we can see them or not, we open up opportunities for critical creativity, we re-create space and we make the impossible possible."[13] Garrett was also invited to speak about his research at the Festival of Dangerous Ideas at the Sydney Opera House and at Google Zeitgeist in 2014, where he shared a session with Bill Clinton, the 42nd President of the United States.[14][15] In his public lectures, Garrett describes how the LCC came to notoriety first in 2011 when they released photos of the mothballed London Post Office Railway, a 6.5-mile subterranean train network used by the Post Office to transport post across the city.[16] The next year, the group (with Garrett) climbed the Shard, the European Union's tallest skyscraper, before it was completed, and released photos from the top of the building.[17] Near the end of his research project, Garrett followed the LCC as they systematically infiltrated abandoned Tube stations in the London Underground without permission and posted photos online.[12][18] Soon after, Garrett began appearing on UK media discussing these explorations, describing himself as "the scribe for the tribe".[9][19][20][21][22][23] In 2015, Garrett was the recipient of the James Cook University Early Career Alumni Award for the College of Arts, Society and Education in Queensland, Australia.[24] In February 2016 Garrett, along with writer Will Self, Green Party mayoral candidate Siân Berry, writer Anna Minton and comedian Mark Thomas, staged a mass trespass onto land owned by property group More London in protest of the privatisation of public space in the city. The group occupied a private amphitheater called The Scoop and held an unsanctioned 2-hour event for a crowd of people.[25][26] On the Facebook page for the event, Garrett wrote that "one of the subsidiary effects of the rampant redevelopment of the city is that when the construction dust settles, often we find that open-air public spaces once maintained by civil bodies have been quietly passed into the hands of corporations as part of austerity-driven buyouts...It is time for our urban rambler moment; it is time to reclaim our cities." [27] As a result of this campaigning, the Mayor of London, Sadiq Kahn, established a charter regulating the management of privately owned public spaces in the capital.[28] In 2016, Garrett also released a virtual reality project built in collaboration with The Guardian called Underworld, which allows users to venture through the 'lost' Fleet River under London guided by Garrett who "guides users from the blood sewers beneath Smithfield Market in the City of London down to the Thames."[29] Garrett writes a news column for Guardian Cities where public space, trespass and the underground are frequent themes.[30] Whilst recording for the 2016 BBC World Service radio show The Forum with Bridget Kendall, Garrett stated "if the 20th century was the age of the skyscraper then the 21st century is probably the age of the tunnel."[31] Books
In addition, Garrett claims to be the author of over 50 academic publications, include journal articles and book chapters.[34] ControversyGarrett has been criticised for being too close to his project participants and failing to maintain objective distance as a researcher.[35] In 2011, four of his project participants were arrested inside the London Tube on Easter.[36] Garrett himself was later also arrested at Heathrow Airport by British Transport Police investigating the group's means of access to abandoned Tube stations.[1] Garrett maintains that he does ethnography in the tradition of the Chicago school (sociology) and claims the only way to understand a culture is to become fully immersed in it.[12] The charges against Garrett concluded with a three-year conditional discharge and a £2000 fine being issued by the court.[37] Will Self came to the defence of Garrett and the urban explorers, writing in the London Evening Standard that "place-hackers are performing a valuable service by reminding us that the city should, in principle, belong to its citizens" [38] University of Oxford Halford Mackinder Professor of Geography Professor Danny Dorling also spoke out at the end of the case, contending that the prosecution had been a fundamental breach of academic liberty.[39] In an interview with the Guardian in 2016, Garrett said "I realise that the trauma we were subjected to was actually the point. What the British Transport police wanted to do was stop me from publishing photos [of the sites visited] and stop me from writing about this thing, because what we did undermined their narrative of security.”[40]References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|last=Power|first=Matthew|title=Excuse us While We Kiss the Sky|url=https://www.gq.com/news-politics/newsmakers/201303/urban-explorers-gq-march-2013|publisher=GQ Magazine|date=March 2013|accessdate=12 August 2013}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2016/11/02/11-outstanding-early-career-researchers-join-the-university.html|title=11 outstanding early career researchers join the University|website=The University of Sydney|access-date=2017-02-22}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/profile/bradley-garrett|title=Bradley L Garrett|website=the Guardian|access-date=2017-02-22}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bradleygarrett.com|title=Bradleygarrett|last=Garrett|first=Bradley|accessdate=12 August 2013}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.southampton.ac.uk/geography/about/staff/blg1y13.page?|title=Dr Bradley Garrett|website=www.southampton.ac.uk|publisher=University of Southampton|accessdate=5 November 2014}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Bradley L. Garrett |author-link=Bradley Garrett |url=http://www.versobooks.com/books/1473-explore-everything |title=Explore Everything: Place-Hacking the City |publisher=Verso Books, Brooklyn, London and Paris |isbn=9781781681299 |date=October 2013 |accessdate=2014-04-23}} 7. ^{{cite news|last1=Storr|first1=Will|title=The Secrets of Underground London|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/photography/11036968/The-secrets-of-underground-London.html|accessdate=5 November 2014|agency=The Telegraph|publisher=Telegraph Media Group Limited|date=19 August 2014}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last=Garrett|first=Bradley|title=Drowned Memories: the Submerged Places of the Winnemem Wintu|journal=Archaeologies|volume=6|issue=2|pages=346–371|doi=10.1007/s11759-009-9109-9|year=2010}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|last=Godwin|first=Richard|title=On a Mission with London's Urban Explorers|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/esmagazine/on-a-mission-with-londons-urban-explorers-7851504.html|publisher=Evening Standard Magazine|date=15 June 2012|accessdate=12 August 2013}} 10. ^{{cite book|last=Garrett|first=Bradley|title=Dr|year=2013|publisher=Verso Books|isbn=978-1781681299}} 11. ^{{cite news|last1=Rowan|first1=Moore|title=Architecture books of the year – review|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/dec/08/architecture-books-year-2013-review|accessdate=5 November 2014|publisher=The Guardian|date=8 Dec 2013}} 12. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last=Garrett|first=Bradley|title=Undertaking Recreational Trespass: Urban Exploration and Infiltration|journal=Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers|volume=39|pages=1–13|date=31 July 2013|doi=10.1111/tran.12001}} 13. ^{{cite web|last1=Garrett|first1=Bradley|title=The Value of Trespass|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f__NmDcLMKA|website=YouTube|publisher=TEDx Talks|accessdate=5 November 2014}} 14. ^{{cite web|last1=Garrett|first1=Bradley|title=Place-Hack Your City|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_VDYrvnvLk|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=5 November 2014}} 15. ^{{cite web|last1=Garrett|first1=Bradley|title=Explore Everything|url=https://www.zeitgeistminds.com/talk/5597208493686784/explore-everything-bradley-garrett|website=www.zeitgeistminds.com|accessdate=5 November 2014}} 16. ^{{cite news|title=En fotos: Viaje a uno de los secretos mejor guardados de Londres|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/video_fotos/2011/05/110428_galeria_londres_correo_trenes_exploradores_rg.shtml|accessdate=12 August 2013|newspaper=BBC Mundo|date=3 May 2011}} 17. ^{{cite web|last=Andrews|first=Emily|title='Urban explorer' scales London's 1,000ft Shard|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2127056/Shard-hacking-Urban-explorer-Bradley-Garrett-scales-Europes-tallest-building.html|publisher=Daily Mail|date=9 April 2012|accessdate=12 August 2013}} 18. ^{{cite web|last=Garrett|first=Bradley|title=Hacking the London Underground|url=http://www.placehacking.co.uk/2011/03/29/hacking-london-underground/|publisher=Place Hacking|date=2011-03-29}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=Invisible Cities|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01jg7zg|publisher=BBC Radio 3|accessdate=12 August 2013}} 20. ^{{cite web|last=Hannah|first=Booth|title=Big picture: Urban Exploration, by Bradley Garrett|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/sep/21/urban-exploration-bradley-garrett-photography|publisher=The Guardian|date=21 September 2012|accessdate=12 August 2013}} 21. ^{{cite news|title=The new Occupy? The activists reclaiming public space|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/public-space-occupy-private-land-place-hacker|accessdate=5 November 2014|agency=Channel 4|publisher=Channel 4 News|date=7 Oct 2014}} 22. ^{{cite news|title=Urban explorers -- intrepid, or troublemakers?|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_6HhPF8NyQ|accessdate=5 November 2014|agency=BBC Newsnight|publisher=BBC News|date=3 December 2013}} 23. ^{{cite news|last1=Laurie|first1=Taylor|title=Dementia Handbags; Place Hacking|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04kf607|accessdate=5 November 2014|agency=BBC Radio 4|publisher=BBC News|date=13 October 2014}} 24. ^{{cite web|title=Alumni Award 2015|url=http://alumni.jcu.edu.au/OA2015Garrett|website=OA2015|publisher=James Cook University|accessdate=17 February 2016}} 25. ^{{cite web|last1=Brown|first1=Matt|title=Flout The Rules Near Tower Bridge To Highlight Privatisation Of The City|url=http://londonist.com/2016/02/space-probe-alpha|website=The Londonist|publisher=Gothamist|accessdate=17 February 2016|date=2016-02-12}} 26. ^{{cite news|last1=Townsend|first1=Mark|title=Will Self joins London 'mass trespass' over privatisation of public space|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/feb/13/will-self-mass-trespass-london-protest|newspaper=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian News|accessdate=17 February 2016|date=2016-02-13}} 27. ^{{cite web|last1=Garrett|first1=Bradley|title=Space Probe Alpha|url=https://www.facebook.com/events/1191694480841480/permalink/1200352686642326/|website=Facebook|publisher=Facebook|accessdate=17 February 2016}} 28. ^{{cite news|last1=Shenker|first1=Jack|title=London mayor to draw up charter regulating pseudo-public space|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/nov/23/london-mayor-charter-pseudo-public-space-sadiq-khan|newspaper=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian Cities|accessdate=27 November 2017|date=2017-11-23}} 29. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/audio/2016/nov/10/urban-explorer-and-geographer-dr-bradley-garrett-audio-interview|title=Urban explorer and geographer Dr Bradley Garrett – audio interview|last=Callin|first=Produced by Katie|date=2016-11-10|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=2017-02-22|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} 30. ^{{cite web|last1=Garrett|first1=Bradley|title=Bradley L Garrett|url=https://www.theguardian.com/profile/bradley-garrett|website=Guardian Cities|publisher=Guardian News|accessdate=17 February 2016}} 31. ^{{cite web|last1=Bridget|first1=Kendall|title=Underground: How Deep Can Life Survive?|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0465kyq|website=BBC World Service|publisher=British Broadcasting Service|accessdate=4 March 2017}} 32. ^{{cite book|url=http://www.randomhouse.de/book/Subterranean-London-Cracking-the-Capital/Bradley-Garrett/e448393.rhd?pub=58500|title=Subterranean London: Cracking the Capital|publisher=Prestel Publishing, Munich, London and New York|isbn=9783791349459|date=October 2014|author-link=Bradley Garrett|author=Bradley L. Garrett|accessdate=2014-11-05}} 33. ^{{cite book|url=http://www.randomhouse.de/book/London-Rising-Illicit-Photos-from-the-City-s-Heights/Bradley-Garrett/e489951.rhd?pub=58500&mid=12|title=London Rising: Illicit Photos from the City's Heights|publisher=Prestel Publishing, Munich, London and New York|isbn=9783791381947|date=May 2016|author-link=Bradley Garrett|author=Bradley L. Garrett|accessdate=2016-02-17}} 34. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.bradleygarrett.com/cv/|title=cv|date=2012-10-16|newspaper=Bradley L Garrett|access-date=2017-02-22|language=en-US}} 35. ^{{cite web|last=Luke|first=Bennett|title=Exploring the Bunker|url=http://societyandspace.com/2011/06/10/exploring-the-bunker-a-response-by-luke-bennett-to-%E2%80%98shallow-excavation%E2%80%99/|publisher=Environment and Planning D: Society and Space|accessdate=12 August 2013}} 36. ^{{cite web|last=Davinport|first=Justin|title=Terror alert at 7/7 Tube station blamed on four urban explorers|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/terror-alert-at-77-tube-station-blamed-on-four-urban-explorers-6397538.html|publisher=Evening Standard|accessdate=12 August 2013|date=2011-05-03}} 37. ^{{cite web|last=Garrett|first=Bradley|title=Place-hacker Bradley Garrett: research at the edge of the law|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/features/feature-place-hacker-bradley-garrett-research-at-the-edge-of-the-law/2013717.article|publisher=Times Higher Education|accessdate=13 June 2014}} 38. ^{{cite web|last=Self|first=Will|title=Give the freedom of the city to our urban explorers|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/comment/will-self-give-the-freedom-of-the-city-to-our-urban-explorers-9286780.html|publisher=Evening Standard|accessdate=13 June 2014|date=2014-04-25}} 39. ^{{cite news|last=Booth|first=Robert|title=Oxford University academic who scaled Shard is spared jail sentence|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2014/may/22/oxford-university-academic-shard-jail-place-hacker-garrett|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=13 June 2014|date=2014-05-22}} 40. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/nov/10/urbex-politics-thrills-social-media-new-breed-urban-explorer|title=Politics, thrills or social media: what drives the new breed of urban explorer?|last=Moss|first=Stephen|date=2016-11-10|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=2017-02-22|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} External links
5 : Living people|Social geographers|American academics|University of California, Riverside alumni|Year of birth missing (living people) |
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