“Brian Tinsley”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Brian Tinsley is a physicist who for more than 60 years has been actively researching atmospheric and space physics. He has been a Professor of Physics at the University of Texas at Dallas since 1976 and has served many national and international scientific organizations. He obtained his PhD from the University of Canterbury in New Zealand in November, 1963, for research on optical emissions from the upper atmosphere (airglow and aurorae). With his wife, Beatrice Tinsley, he came to Dallas to work at the newly formed Southwest Center for Advanced Studies, which became the University of Texas at Dallas in 1969. Beatrice obtained a Ph.D. in astrophysics at the University of Texas at Austin, and became a prominent astrophysicist before she died in 1981, resulting in the University of Texas at Austin creating the endowed professorship that bears her name.

During his time at the NSF in the late 1980s he began researching the effects of changes in the sun on weather and climate on the day-to-day, decadal and century timescale. He has been author of more than 40 papers on this topic. He has proposed a mechanism in which the link to the atmosphere is the solar wind (space weather) (as opposed to changes in solar brightness)^[1] that affects the downward ionosphere-earth current density (Jz) in the global atmospheric electric circuit.

He formed the hypothesis that the Jz effects are due to electrical charge deposited on droplets and aerosol particles (notably condensation nuclei and ice-forming nuclei in clouds) that significantly affect scavenging processes and the concentrations of the nuclei.^[2] The consequences of this include changes in cloud cover and rates of precipitation, and changes in surface pressure and atmospheric dynamics, as has been observed.

Dr. Tinsley and Dr. Burns of the Australian Antarctic Research Division and Dr. Zhou of the East China Normal University have shown that there are clear correlations between the electric current output of the internal atmospheric generators (thunderstorms) in the global electric circuit and surface pressure at both Antarctic and Arctic sites, fully consistent with the changes due to the solar wind.^[3]^[4] Thus the work has led to the discovery of an unexpected process in meteorology that has implications for climate. That is that the internal generation of atmospheric electricity, mostly in the tropical regions, affects clouds and meteorological processes all over the globe. Because the external as well as this internal current generation change on daily, seasonal, and longer timescales (including with global warming) it is an additional input to weather and climate on those timescales that has not been included in current global climate models. Observations of cloud changes in polar regions and models of cloud charging and the effects of charge on cloud microphysics ^[5] confirm these findings.

References

1. ^Apparent Tropospheric Response to Mev-Gev Particle-Flux Variations - A Connection via Electrofreezing of Supercooled Water in High-Level Clouds, Tinsley BA; Deen GW, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, Volume 96, Issue D12, Pages 22283-22296, {{doi|10.1029/91JD02473}}, 1991. Paper cited 141 times as of Jan 3, 2011.
2. ^Correlations of Atmospheric Dynamics With Solar-Activity Evidence for a Connection via the Solar-Wind, Atmospheric Electricity, And Cloud Microphysics, Tinsley BA; Heelis RA, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, Volume 98, Issue D6, Pages 10375-10384, {{doi|10.1029/93JD00627}}, JUN 20 1993. Paper cited 100 times as of Jan 3, 2011.
3. ^Influence of solar wind on the global electric circuit, and inferred effects on cloud microphysics, temperature, and dynamics in the troposphere, Tinsley BA, Conference: Workshop of the ISSI on Solar Variability and Climate, INT SPACE SCI INST, BERN, SWITZERLAND, JUN 28-JUL 02, 1999, SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Volume 94, Issue 1-2, Pages 231-258, {{doi|10.1023/A:1026775408875}}, Published: NOV 2000. Paper cited 131 times as of Jan 3, 2011.
4. ^The zonal-mean and regional tropospheric pressure responses to changes in ionospheric potential, Zhou, L; Tinsley, B; Wang, L; and Burns G;, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 171 (2018), 111-118, (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2017.07.010)
5. ^The response of longwave radiation at the South Pole to electrical and magnetic variations: Links to meteorological generators and the solar wind, Frederick, JE; and Tinsley, BA; Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 179 (2018),214-224, (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2018.08.003)